Novel Low-Cost Magnetic Clinoptilolite Powders/Granules for the Removal of Crystal Violet in Single and Binary Systems

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, I.R. IRAN

Abstract

Novel magnetic adsorbents of Clinoptilolite/Fe3O4 (Clin/Fe3O4) nanocomposite powders and Alginate/Clinoptilolite/Fe3O4 (Alg/Clin/Fe3O4) nanocomposite granules were synthesized to efficient removal of the cationic crystal violet (CV) dye in single and CV/methylene blue (MB) binary systems. The prepared adsorbents were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX, dot mapping, and BET analysis. Adsorption tests showed that Clin/Fe3O4 and Alg/Clin/Fe3O4 had high affinity toward CV removal at 94.32% and 92.35%, in the single system and 84.19% and 80.23%, in the binary system, respectively. Based on the findings, pH was the most effective variable in the elimination process and the highest yield was obtained at pH 8 for both adsorbents. The equilibrium data followed the Langmuir model (R2 > 0.9) based on which the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) using Clin/Fe3O4 and Alg/Clin/Fe3O4 was determined as 44.662 mg/g and 16.528 mg/g, respectively in the single system and it was computed to be 15.797 mg/g and 11.476 mg/g, respectively in the binary system. The kinetic data fitted well to the pseudo-second-order model in both systems. The adsorption process was exothermic and thermodynamically spontaneous. Moreover, Clin/Fe3O4 and Alg/Clin/Fe3O4 adsorbents showed 91.43% and 82.01% recyclability over the desorption tests, thus leading to promising and green-based adsorbents for the removal of dyes. The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of MB, CV, and CV/MB solutions and also real wastewater sampled from a dyeing unit were measured before and after treatment and the results showed that the EC of all samples was reduced.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Volume 42, Issue 11 - Serial Number 133
November 2023
Pages 3601-3623

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