Using Bentonite Clay as Coagulant Aid for Removing Low to Medium Turbidity Levels

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Damascus University, Damascus, SYRIA

2 Department of Engineering Management and Construction, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Damascus University, Damascus, SYRIA

Abstract

Alum is a widely used coagulant around the world, but its use of it is associated with some problems, as it increases the aluminum residuals, which have been linked to Alzheimer's disease. Coagulant aids may help with reducing the needed dose of alum. In this paper, many sets of experiments were done to determine the effect of using bentonite clay as a coagulation aid. The experiments were performed under different conditions and on different seasonal circumstances, where many alum and bentonite clay doses were used at low to medium initial turbidity levels. It was found that the addition of a small dose of bentonite clay; 5 mg/L improves the coagulation efficiency between 5 to 7.5 % for the Alum dose 10 mg/L and between 10.6 to 14% for the alum dose 15 mg/L. The coagulation process was also studied by changing both the temperature and the pH value; the best performance of bentonite was when pH is 5 and 6, and when the temperature changed between 10 to 25, the improvement of the removal percentage was about 30 % for the low turbidity and about 9% for the high ones. Finally, the effect of changing the settling time and the mixing speed were also studied. In this regard, it was observed that the best settling time was 90min and the best stirring speed was 200 rpm.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] Haghiri S., Daghighi A., Moharramzadeh S., Optimum Coagulant Forecasting by Modeling Jar Test Experiments using ANNs, Drink. Water Eng. Sci., 11(1): 1-8 (2018)
[2] Song C., Zhang H., Study on Turbidity Prediction Method of Reservoirs based on Long Short Term, Ecol. Modell., 432: 109210 (2020).
[3] El-Chaghaby G., Rashad S., Moneem M.A., Seasonal Variation and Correlation between the Physical, Chemical and Microbiological Parameters of Nile Water in Selected Area in Egypt (Case Study): Physical, Chemical and Microbiological Parameters of Nile Water, Baghdad. Sci. J., 17(4): 1160-1160 (2020).
[4] Chalkosh Amiri M., Ghodbanan S., Effect of Metal Salt Coagulants on Treatment of Activated Sludge Effluent in Sulfite Mill Pulp and Paper Plant, Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (IJCCE), 21(2): 110-117 (2002).
[5] Shokri Aref. Application of Electrocoagulation Process for the Removal of Acid Orange 5 in Synthetic Wastewater, Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (IJCCE), 38(2): 113-119 (2019).
[6] Saritha V., Srinivas N., Srikanth Vuppala N.V., Analysis and Optimization of Coagulation and Flocculation Process, Appl. Water Sci., 7(1): 451-460 (2017).
[7] León-Luque A.J., Barajas C.L., Peña-Guzmán C.A., Determination of the Optimal Dosage of Aluminum Sulfate in the Coagulation-Flocculation Process using an Artificial Neural Network, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Dev., 7(5): 346-350‏ (2016).
[8] Dentel Steven K., Gossett J.M., Mechanisms of Coagulation with Aluminum Salts, J. Am. Water Works Ass., 80(4): 187-198 (1988).
[9] Davis M.L., "Water and Wastewater Engineering: Design Principles and Practice", McGraw-Hill Education. (2010).
[10] Hassan F.M., Naji H.F., Al-Azawey E.S., The Study of some Physical and Chemical Characteristics in Drinking Water Treatment Plant of Jurf Al-Sakar Subdestric in Babylon Governorate, Iraq. Baghdad Sci. J., 4(3):‏ 338-343 (2007).
[11] Alsaeed R., Alaji B., Ebrahim, M., Predicting Turbidity and Aluminum in Drinking Water Treatment Plants using Hybrid Network (GA- ANN) and GEP, Drink. Water Eng. Sci. Discuss., 1-17 (2021).
[12] Syafalni S., Abustan I., Zakaria S.N.F., Zawawi M.H., Rahim R.A., Raw Water Treatment using Bentonite-Chitosan as a Coagulant, Water Science and Technology: Water Supply, 12(4): 480-488‏ (2012).
[13] Hasan M.S, Al-Tamir M.A., The use of Bentonite Clay as a Coagulant or a Coagulant Aid with Alum in Turbidity Removal Tikrit, Journal of Engineering Sciences, 13(2): 72-93 (2006).
[14] Ahari M., Ddahim H., Ramadane R., Performance of Bentonite Clay as a Coagulation Aid on Water  Quality,  Desalination and Water Treatment, 143: 229-234 (2019).
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Volume 41, Issue 12 - Serial Number 122
December 2022
Pages 4080-4086

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics