Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Studies on Extraction of Essential Oil from Vietnamese Calamondin (Citrus microcarpa) by Hydro-Distillation Process

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, VIETNAM

2 Institute of Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, VIETNAM

3 College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, VIETNAM

4 Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, VIETNAM

Abstract

Current research refers to the modeling of data from the extraction of essential oils from plant materials via the hydro-distillation method, which is applicable from the laboratory scale to the production scale. Experimental data from the process were obtained by studying the kinetics of the distillation of calamondin peel essential oil. Kinetic models are based on the extraction mechanism of the essential oil, which involves the amount of essential oil released from the plant cell. On the principle of extracting essential oils, the mechanism of washing and diffusing is the basis for constructing the kinetic model and its assumption is developed in order to give an appropriate model. The descriptive kinetics of the hydro-distillation process is based on two assumptions: instantaneous washing followed by non-stationary diffusion and first-order kinetics (diffusion without washing). These two models were compared to select the optimal model for the extraction process. The results showed that the calamondin peel essential oil extraction process was described by a non-stationary model with an extraction rate constant (k) of 0.038 min-1. The extraction of hydro-distillation essential oil from calamondin peels obtained the highest essential oil content (4.2%) under extraction conditions such as a water-material ratio of 3:1 mL/g, a heating power of 204 W, and an extraction time 60 min. Furthermore, the chemical composition of volatiles present in calamondin peels oil was evaluated for the sample by using GC-MS. Limonene (88.637%), Germacrene D (4.451%), β-Edudesmol (1.034%) were the major constituents in the essential oils.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1]    Nguyen P.T.N., Tran T.H., Le T.H.N., Phan N.Q.A., Le T.H., Nguyen T.C.T., Nguyen T.D., Bach L.G., Application of Response Surface Methodology to Optimize the Process of Saponification Reaction from Coconut Oil in Ben Tre-Vietnam, Solid State Phenom., 279:235-239 (2018).
[2]    Swamy M.K., Akhtar M.S., Sinniah U.R., Antimicrobial Properties of Plant Essential Oils Against Human Pathogens and their Mode of Action: an Updated Review, Evid. Based Complementary Altern. Med., 016 (2016).
[3]    Dao T.P., Nguyen D.C., Nguyen D.T., Tran T.H., Nguyen P.T.N., Le N.T.H., Le X.T., Nguyen D.H., Vo D.V.N., Bach L.G, Extraction Process of Essential Oil from Plectranthus amboinicus Using Micro-assisted Hydrodistillation and Evaluation of It's Antibacterial Activity, Asian J. Chem., 31:977-981 (2019).
 [4]   Tran N.Y.T., Nhan N.P.T., Thanh V.T., Nguyen D.V., Thinh P.V., Vy T.A., et al., Effects of Drying Conditions on Total Phenolic Content and Other Parameters of Soursop Jelly (Annona muricata L.). IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng., 736: 022064 (2020).
[5]    Tran V.A., Tran N.H.T., Bach L.G., Nguyen T.D., Nguyen T.T., Nguyen T.T., Facile Synthesis of Propranolol and Novel Derivatives. J. Chem. 2020: 1–10 (2020).
[6]   Nhut Pham T., Quoc Toan T., Duc Lam T., Vu-Quang H., Vo D.-V.N., Anh Vy. T., et al., Anthocyanins Extraction from Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas (L.) Lam): The Effect of pH Values on Natural Color. IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng., 542:012031 2019.
[7]    Tran T.H., Le K.H., Nguyen D.C., Dao T.P., Le T.H.N., Nguyen D.H., Nguyen T.D., Vo D.V N., Tran Q. T., Bach L. G., The Study on Extraction Process and Analysis of Components in Essential Oils of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Seeds Harvested in Gia Lai Province, Vietnam, Processes, 7:56, (2019).
[8]    Dao T.P., Tran T.H., Nguyen D.T., Nguyen D.C., Nguyen D.H., Le N.T.H., Sy D.T., Nguyen T.T.H., Bui L.M., Application of Response Surface Methodology for the Optimization of Essential Oils from Pomelo Leaves Using Microwave-Assisted Hydro-Distillation Method, Asian J. Chem., 31:1639-1642, (2019).
[9]    Dao T.P., Nguyen T.V., Tran T.Y.N., Le X.T., An T.N.T., Anh N.H.T., Central Composite Design, Kinetic Model, Thermodynamics, and Chemical Composition of Pomelo (Citrus Maxima (Burm.) Merr.) Essential Oil Extraction by Steam Distillation, Processes, 9:2075 (2021).
[10] Tran T.H., Nguyen P.T.N., Pham T.N., Nguyen D.C., Dao T.P., Nguyen D.T., Green technology to Optimize the Extraction Process of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Oils, IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., 479:012002 (2019).
[11] Ho Y., Harouna-oumarou H. A., Fauduet H., Porte C., Kinetics and Model Building of Leaching of Water-Soluble Compounds of Tilia Sapwood, Sep. Purif. Technol., 45:169-173 (2005).
[12] Palazzolo E., Laudicina V.A., Germana M.A., Current and Potential Use of Citrus Essential Oils, Curr. Org. Chem., 17:3042-3049 (2013).
[13] Quyen N.T.C., Ngan T.T.K., Dao T.P., Anh P.N.Q., Anh N.Q., Thi N.T.N., Ngoc T.T.L., Nhan L.T.H., Truc T.T., Phương L.T.B., Essential Oil Hydrodistillation Process from Vietnamses Calamondin (Citrus microcarpa) Peels and GC/MS Analysis of Essential Oils Components, Asian J. Chem., 31:2585-2588 (2019).
[14] Sobral M.V., Xavier A.L., Lima T.C., De-Sousa D.P., Antitumor Activity of Monoterpenes Found in Essential Oils, Sci. World J. 2014 (2014).
[15] Moshonas M. G., Shaw P. E., Volatile Components of Calamondin Peel Oil, J. Agric. Food Chem., 44:1105-1107 (1996).
[16] Tran T.H., Nguyen P.T.N, Ho V.T.T., Le T.H.N., Bach L.G., Nguyen T.D., Using Soft Computing Approaches for Orange (Citrus nobilis Lour. var. nobilis) Oils Extraction Process, IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., 479: 0-6 (2019).
[17] Dao T.P., Nguyen D.C., Tran T.H., Thinh P.V., Hieu V.Q., Nguyen D.V.V., Nguyen T.D., Bach L.G., Modeling and Optimization of the Orange Leaves Oil Extraction Process by Microwave-Assisted Hydro-Distillation: The Response Surface Method Based on the Central Composite Approach (RSM-CCD Model), Rasayan J. Chem. 12: 666-676 (2019).
[18] Pingret D., Tixier A. S.F., Chemat F., An Improved Ultrasoud Clevenger for Extraction of Essential Oils, Food Anal. Methods. 7: 9-12 (2014).
[19] Tran T.H., Nguyen V.T., Dao T.P., Lam T.D., Toan T.Q., Nguyen T.D., Vo D. V.N., Vy T.A., Le M. B., New Direction in Research on Extraction of Citrus aurantifolia ( Lemon fruit) Essential oil Grown in Mekong Delta - Vietnam via Microwave- Assisted Hydrodistillation, IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., 542:012038 (2019).
[20] Gok A., Ismail Kirbaşlar S., Gülay Kirbaşlar F., Comparison of Lemon Oil Composition after Using Different Extraction Methods, J. Essent. Oil Res., 27:17-22 (2015).
[21]  Malaka M. S., Naidoo K., Kabuba J., Extraction of Siphonochilus aethiopicus Essential oil by Steam Distillation, Chem, Eng. Com., 204: 813-819 (2017).
[22] Dao P.T., Tran N.Y.T., Tran Q.N., Bach G.L., and Lam T.V., Kinetics of Pilot-Scale Essential Oil Extraction from Pomelo (Citrus maxima) Peels: Comparison between Linear and Nonlinear Models, Alexandria Engineering Journal, 61:2564–2572 (2021).
[23] Kordali S., Cakir A., Ozer H., Cakmakci R., Kesdek K., Mete E., Antifungal, Phytotoxic and Insecticidal Properties of Essential Oil Isolated from Turkish Origanum Acutidens and its Three Components, Carvacrol, Thymol and P-Cymene, Bioresour. Technol., 99:8788-8795 (2008).
[24] Stojanovi T.D., Veljkovi V.B., Palic R., Lazic M.L., Veljkovic V.B., Kinetics of Distillation of Essential Oil from Comminuted Ripe Juniper (Juniperus communis L.) berries, Biochem. Eng. J. 39:547-553 (2008).
[25] Milojevi S.Z., Radosavljevi D.B., Pavi V.P., Veljkovi V.B., Modeling the Kinetics of Essential Oil Hydrodistillation from Plant Materials, Hemijska Industrija. 65:843-859 (2013).
[26] Desao M.A., Parikh J., De A.K., Modelling and Optimization Studies on Extraction of Lemongrass Oil from Cymbopogon flexuosus (Steud.), Wats. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 92:793-803 (2014).
[27] Ngo T. C. Q., Tran T. K. N., Dao T. P., Tran T. H., Huynh X. P., Tran T. T., Mai H. C., Yield and Composition Analysis of Vietnamese Lemon (Citrus aurantifolia) Essential Oils Obtained from Hydrodistillation and Microwave-assisted Hydrodistillation, IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 911:012123, (2020).
[28] Dao T.P., Tran T.H., Ngo T. C.Q., Pham Q.M., Toan T.Q., Extraction of Essential oil from Vietnam's Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peels by Hydrodistillation: Modeling and Process Optimization. Asian J. Chem., 31:2827-2833 (2019.
[29] Dao T.P., Tran N.Q., Tran T.T., and Lam V.T. Assessing the Kinetic Model on Extraction of Essential Oil and Chemical Composition From Lemon Peels (Citrus Aurantifolia) by Hydro-Distillation Process Materials Today: Proceedings, S2214785321036452. (2021).
[30] Dhobi M., Mandal V., Hemalatha S., Optimization of Microwave Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Flavonolignan-Silybinin, J. Chem. Metrol., 3: 13-23 (2009).
[31] Hien T.T., Tien N.V., Phat D.T., Duc L.T., Quoc T.T., Duy N.T., New direction in Research on Extraction Of Citrus Aurantifolia (Lemon Fuit) Essential Oil Grown in Mekong Delta - Vietnam via Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation, IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng., 542:012038 (2019).
[32] Subedi N., Neupane A., Karki D. B., Hazardous Ingredients in Cosmetics and Personal Care Products and Health Concern: A Review, Kathmandu Univ. Med. J. 1: 7-15 (2013).
[33] Negro V, Ruggeri B, Mancini G, Fino D., Recovery of D-Limonene Through Moderate Temperature Extraction and Pyrolytic Products from Orange Peels, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 92: 1186–1191, 2017.
[34] Boukhatem M. N., Ferhat M.A., Kameli A., Saidi F., Kabir H. T., Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus) Essential Oil as a Potent Anti-Inflammatory and Antifungal Drugs, Libyan J. Med. 9:25431 (2014).
[35] Nitthiyah J, Nour A.H., Kantasamy R., Akindoyo J.O., Microwave Assisted Hydrodistillation – An Overview of Mechanism and Heating Properties, Aust. J. Basic Appl. Sci. 11: 22-29 (2017).
[36] Taylor P., Pino P.A., Volatile Constituents of Peel and Leaf Oils from Calamondin, J. Essent. Oil Res. 12:656-660 (2013).
[37] Wai M., Soon Z., Quan S., Zhou W., Curran P., Yu B., Characterisation of Calamansi (Citrus microcarpa). Part I: Volatiles , Aromatic Profiles and Phenolic Acids in the Peel, Food Chem., 134:686-695 (2012).
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Volume 41, Issue 11 - Serial Number 121
November 2022
Pages 3824-3834

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics