Numerical Study of Natural Convection of Nanofluids in an Inclined Flat Bottom Flask Using Finite-Volume Approach

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Laboratory of Electrochemistry of Molecular Materials and Complex (LEMMC). Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ferhat ABBAS Setif-1, El-Mabouda campus, 19000 Sétif, ALGERIA

2 LESEI, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Batna, ALGERIA

3 Département de Sciences Agronomiques, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et des Sciences de la Terre et de l’Univers, Université Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi de Bordj Bou Arréridj El-Anasser, 34030, ALGERIA

Abstract

In this work, we study numerically the natural convection of nanofluids (NF) in an inclined flat bottom flask; it is one of the laboratory flasks used in organic chemistry synthesis. The main reason for this study is to enhance the thermal properties of the reaction medium inside the flat bottom flask and to ameliorate the rate of chemical reactions using nanofluids. The flat bottom wall is maintained at a constant high-temperature Th. While the top, left and right walls of the cavity are maintained at a low-temperature TL. The NF comprises Cu and Al2O3 NanoParticles (NP) suspended in pure water. The governing equations are solved numerically using the finite-volume approach and formulated using the Boussinesq approximation. In this simulation we examined the effects of the NP volume fraction (φ) from 0% to 5%, the Rayleigh number from 103 to 106, the various inclination angles of enclosure (γ=0°,5°,10°, 15°) and the NF type (Cu and Al2O3) on the flow streamlines, isotherm distribution, and Nusselt number. The obtained results show that the addition of Cu and Al2O3 NP increases the mean Nusselt number which enhances the heat transfer in the flat bottom flask and causes significant changes in the flow pattern. In addition, the mean Nusselt number is increased with increasing the Rayleigh number and the volume fraction, and the best results have been obtained from the Cu nanofluid. Also, as the inclination angle increases the mean Nusselt number decreases, and the highest value of the Nusselt number was obtained for a vertical enclosure (γ=0°). The obtained streamlines are mostly symmetric and their values are generally increased by increasing the Rayleigh number and volume fractions of NPs. Besides, the obtained isotherms generally follow the geometry of the flat bottom flask.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] Choi S.U.S., Enhancing Thermal Conductivity of Fluids with Nanoparticles, Dev. Appl. Non-Newtonian Flows, 66: 99–105 (1995).
[2] Motahari K., Barati S., Optimization of Nusselt Number of Al2O3/Water Nanofluid Using Response Surface Methodology, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 38(3): 309-317 (2019).
[3] Yasuri A.K., Izadi M., Hatami H., Numerical Study of Natural Convection in a Square Enclosure Filled by Nanofluid with a Baffle in the Presence of Magnetic Field, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 38(5): 209-220 (2019).
[4] Mohebbi K., Rafee R., Talebi F., Effects of Rib Shapes on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Turbulent Flow of Al2O3-Water Nanofluid inside Ribbed Tubes, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 34(3): 61-77 (2015).
[5] Kargarsharifabad H., Experimental and Numerical Study of Natural Convection of Cu-Water Nanofluid in a Cubic Enclosure Under Constant and Alternating Magnetic Fields, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer, 119(1): 104957 (2020).
[6] Hatami M., Zhou J., Geng J., Song D., Jing D., Optimization of a Lid-Driven T-Shaped Porous Cavity to Improve the Nanofluids Mixed Convection Heat Transfer, J. Mol. Liq., 231(1): 620-631 (2017).
[7] Armaghani T., Kasaeipoor A., Alavi N., Rashidi M.M., Numerical Investigation of Water-Alumina Nanofluid Natural Convection Heat Transfer and Entropy Generation in a Baffled L-Shaped Cavity, J. Mol. Liq., 223(1): 243-251 (2016).  
[8] Ismael M.A., Armaghani T., Chamkha A.J., Conjugate Heat Transfer and Entropy Generation in a Cavity Filled with a Nanofluid-Saturated Porous Media and Heated by a Triangular Solid, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 59(1): 138-151 (2016).
[9] Aminossadati S.M., Ghasemi B., Natural Convection Cooling of a Localised Heat Source at the Bottom of a Nanofluid-Filled Enclosure, Eur. J. Mech. B-Fluid, 28(5): 630–640 (2009).
[10] Khanafer K., Vafai K., Lightstone M., Buoyancy Driven Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Two-Dimensional Enclosure Utilizing Nanofluids, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 46(19): 3639–3653 (2003).
[11] Hwang K.S., Lee J.H., Jang S.P., Buoyancy-Driven Heat Transfer of Water-Based Al2O3 Nanofluids in a Rectangular Cavity, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 50(19-20): 4003–4010 (2007).
[12] Hatami M., Song D., Jing D., Optimization of a Circular-Wavy Cavity Filled by Nanofluid Under the Natural Convection Heat Transfer Condition, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 98(1): 758–767 (2016).
[13] Asadikia A., Mirjalily S.A.A., Nasirizadeh N., Kargarsharifabad H., Characterization of Thermal and Electrical Properties of Hybrid Nanofluids Prepared with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Fe2O3 nanoparticles, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer, 117(1): 104603 (2020).
[14] Talebi M., Kalantar V., Nazari M., Kargarsharifabad H., Experimental Investigation of the Forced Convective Heat Transfer of hybrid Cu/Fe3O4 Nanofluids, Journal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics, 8(4): 229-238 (2018).
[15] Asadikia A., Mirjalily S., Nasirizadeh N., Kargarsharifabad H., Hybrid Nanofluid Based on CuO Nanoparticles and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Optimization, Thermal, and Electrical Properties, International Journal of Nano Dimension, 11(3): 277-289 (2020).
[16] Hemmat Esfe M., Rostamian H., Influences of Temperature, Concentration and Shear Rate on Rheological Behavior of Nanofluid: An Experimental Study with Al2O3-MWCNT/10W40 Hybrid Nano-Lubricant, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 38 (3): 319-328 (2019).
[17] Chamkha A., Armaghani T., Mansour M., Rashad A., Kargarsharifabad H., MHD Convection of an Al2O3–Cu/Water Hybrid Nanofluid in an Inclined Porous Cavity with Internal Heat Generation/Absorption, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 41(3): 936-956 (2021).
[18] Saury D., Benkhelifa A., Penot F., Experimental Determination of First Bifurcations to Unsteady Natural Convection in a Differentially-Heated Cavity Tilted from 0° to 180°, Exp. Therm Fluid Sci., 38: 74–84 (2012).
[19] Alinia M., Ganji D.D., Gorji-Bandpy M.,  Numerical Study of Mixed Convection in an Inclined Two Sided Lid Driven Cavity Filled with Nanofluid Using Two-Phase Mixture Model, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer, 38(10): 1428–1435 (2011).
[20] Tang W., Hatami M., Zhou J., Jing D., Natural Convection Heat Transfer in a Nanofluid-Filled Cavity with Double Sinusoidal Wavy Walls of Various Phase Deviations, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 115 (Part A): 430–440 (2017).
[21] Ching-Chang C., Chieh-Li C., Cha’o-Kuang C., Natural Convection Heat Transfer Performance in Complex-Wavy-Wall Enclosed Cavity Filled with Nanofluid, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 60(1):255–263 (2012).
[22] Ching-Chang C., Chieh-Li C., Cha’o-Kuang C., Natural Convection Heat Transfer and Entropy Generation in Wavy-Wall Enclosure Containing Water-Based Nanofluid, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 61: 749–758 (2013).
[23] Ching-Chang C., Ching-Huang C., Kuo-Ching C., Chong-You L., Natural Convection in Inclined Wavy-Wall Cavity Filled with Al2O3–Water Nanofluid Using Heatline Technique, Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, 6(3): 65–70 (2016).
[24] Salhi H., Si-Ameur M., Haddad D., Numerical Study Of Natural Convection Heat Transfer Performance in an Inclined Cavity with Complex-Wavy-Wall: Nanofluid and Random Temperature, Computational thermal sciences, 7(1): 51–64 (2015).
[25] Kashani S., Ranjbar A.A., Mastiani M., Mirzaei H., Entropy Generation and Natural Convection of Nanoparticle-Water Mixture (Nanofluid) Near Water Density Inversion in an Enclosure with Various Patterns of Vertical Wavy Walls, Applied Mathematics and Computation, 226(1): 180–193 (2014).
[26] Sakanova A., Keian C.C., Zhao J., Performance Improvements of Micro Channel Heat Sink Using Wavy Channel and Nanofluids, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 89: 59–74 (2015).
[27] Ghasemi S.E., Hatami M., Solar Radiation Effects on MHD Stagnation Point Flow and Heat Transfer of a Nanofluid Over A Stretching Sheet, Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 25(1): 100898 (2021).
[28] Brinkman H.C., The Viscosity of Concentrated Suspensions and Solutions, J. Chem. Phys, 20(4): 571–581(1952).
[29] Patnkar S.V., “Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow”, Hemisphere Pub., New York (1980).

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics