Preparation and Characterization of N-Eicosane PCM with Urea-Formaldehyde Shell

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, I.R. IRAN

Abstract

Phase Change Materials (PCMs) have recently found a wide range of new application opportunities. In this study, PCMs microcapsules have been synthesized with urea–formaldehyde polymer shell. The microcapsules have been characterized by FT-IR, SEM, TEM, and DSC analysis. Then, the thermophysical characteristics of the MEPCM suspension including the thermal conductivity, and viscosity have been measured at different particle concentration (2, 5 and 10 wt%) and different temperatures from 25 to 50 °C. New correlations are developed to predict the thermophysical characteristics of MEPCM suspensions. This work provides a practical and efficient synthetic strategy for the preparation of MEPCMs, which is expected to present a promising future in the field of energy storage.

Keywords


[1] Maleki B., Khadang A., Maddah H., Alizadeh M., Kazemian A., Ali H.M., Development and thermal Performance of Nanoencapsulated PCM/ Plaster Wallboard for Thermal Energy Storage in Buildings.Journal of Building Engineering, 32: 101727, (2020).
[3] Ho C.J., Chen W.-C., Yan W.-M., Amani M., Cooling Performance of MEPCM Suspensions for Heat Dissipation Intensification in a Minichannel heat Sink, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 115: 43-49, (2017).
[4] Shabgard H., Hu H., Boettcher P.A., McCarthy M., Sun Y., Heat Transfer Analysis of PCM Slurry Flow between Parallel Plates.International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 99: 895-903 (2016).
[5] Ho C.J., Chou W.-L., Lai C.-M., Thermal and Electrical Performance of a Water-Surface Floating PV Integrated with a Water-Saturated MEPCM layer, Energy Conversion and Management, 89: 862-872 (2015).
[6] Xu H.J., Zhao C.Y., Thermal Performance of Cascaded Thermal Storage with Phase-Change Materials (PCMs). Part I: Steady Cases, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 106: 932-944 (2017).
[7] Allouche Y., Varga S., Bouden C., Oliveira A.C., Experimental Determination of the Heat Transfer and Cold Storage Characteristics of a Microencapsulated Phase Change Material in a Horizontal Tank. Energy Conversion and Management, 94: 275-285 (2019).
[8] Siao Y.-H., Yan W.-M., Lai C.-M., Transient Characteristics of Thermal Energy Storage in an Enclosure Packed with MEPCM Particles.Applied Thermal Engineering, 88: 47-53, (2015).
[9] Nomura T., Sheng N., Zhu C., Saito G., Hanzaki D., Hiraki T., Akiyama T., Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials with High Heat Capacity and High Cyclic Durability for High-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage and Transportation, Applied Energy, 188: 9-18 (2017).
[10] Wang K., Zhang T., Wang T., Xu C., Ye F., Liao Z., Microencapsulation of High Temperature Metallic Phase Change Materials with SiCN Shell, Chemical Engineering Journal, 436: 135054 (2022).
[11] Wang T., Wang S., Wu W., Experimental Study on Effective Thermal Conductivity of Microcapsules Based Phase Change Composites, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 109: 930-937 (2017).
[12] Song S., Dong L., Qu Z., Ren J., Xiong C., Microencapsulated Capric–Stearic Acid with Silica Shell as a Novel Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage. Applied Thermal Engineering, 70(1): 546-551 (2014).
[13] Jamekhorshid A., Sadrameli S.M., Farid M., A Review of Microencapsulation Methods of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) as a Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Medium, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 31: 531-542 (2014).
[14] Su W., Darkwa J., Kokogiannakis G., Review of Solid–Liquid Phase Change Materials and Their Encapsulation Technologies, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 48: 373-391 (2015).
[15] Jin X., Li J., Xue P., Jia M., Preparation and Characterization of PVC-Based form-Stable Phase Change Materials, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 130: 435-441(2022).
[16] Alkan C., Aksoy S.A., Anayurt R.A., Synthesis of Poly(methyl Methacrylate-Co-Acrylic Acid)/N-Eicosane Microcapsules for Thermal Comfort In Textiles.Textile Research Journal, 85(19): 2051-2058 (2023).
[17] Tahan Latibari S., Mehrali M., Mehrali M., Mahlia T.M.I., Metselar H.S.C., Fabrication and Performances of Microencapsulated Palmitic Acid with Enhanced Thermal Properties, Energy & Fuels, 29(2): 1010-1018 (2020).
[18] Tahan Latibari S., Mehrali M., Mehrali M., Mahlia T.M.I., Metselar H.S.C., Facile Preparation of Carbon Microcapsules Containing Phase-Change Material with Enhanced Thermal Properties, The Scientific World Journal, 2014: 379582 (2021).
[19] Silakhori M., Metselar, H.S.C., Mahlia, T.M.I.,  Fauzi, H., Preparation and Characterisation of Microencapsulated Paraffin wax with Polyaniline-Based Polymer Shells for Thermal Energy Storage, Materials Research Innovations, 18(6): S6-480-S6-484 (2014).
[20] Jiang X., Luo R., Peng F., Fang Y., Akiyama T., Wang S., Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Properties of Paraffin Microcapsules Modified with Nano-Al2O3, Applied Energy, 137: 731-737 (2022).
[21] Lashgari S., Arabi H., Mahdavian A.R., Ambrogi V., Thermal and Morphological Studies on Novel PCM Microcapsules Containing n-Hexadecaneas the Corein a Flexible Shell, Applied Energy, 190: 612-622 (2023).
[22] Huang J., Wang T., Zhu P., Xiao J., Preparation, Characterization, and Thermal Properties of the Microencapsulation of a Hydrated Salt as Phase Changeenergy Storage Materials, Thermochimica Acta, 557: 1-6 (2013).
[23] Agresti F., Cabaleiro D., Fedele L., Rossi S., Barison S., PMMA Nano-Encapsulated Phase Change Material Colloids for Heat Management Applications, Journal of Molecular Liquids, 377: 121576 (2023).
[24] Zahir M.H., Irshad K., Shafiullah M., Ibrahim N.I., Kausarul Islam A.K.M., Mohaisen K.O., Sulaiman F.A.A., Challenges of theapplication of PCMs to Achieve Zero Energy Buildings under hot Weather Conditions: A Review, Journal of Energy Storage, 64: 107156 (2023).
[26] Liu L., Hammami N., Trovalet L., Bigot D., Habas J.-P., Malet-Damour B., Description of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) Used in Buildings under Various climates: A Review, Journal of Energy Storage, 56: 105760, (2022).