Chemical Composition and Heavy Metal Content of Portland Cement in Northern Tunisia

Saidi, Ibtiehl; Ben Abdelmalek, Jamel; Ben Said, Olfa; Chicharo, Luis; Beyrem, Hamouda

doi:10.30492/ijcce.2020.34434

Chemical Composition and Heavy Metal Content of Portland Cement in Northern Tunisia

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

¹ Laboratory of Biomonitoring of the Environment. Coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology Unit, Carthage University, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Zarzouna7021, TUNISIA

² Laboratory quality control, cement Bizerte Baie Sabera, 7018 Bizerte, TUNISIA

³ Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Portugal Campus de Gambelas 8005-139 Faro, PORTUGAL

⁴ Laboratory of Biomonitoring of the Environment. Coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology Unit, Carthage University, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Zarzouna7021

10.30492/ijcce.2020.34434

Abstract

This study aims to determine the major elements of Portland cement type I and II (CEMI and CEMII) in a cement factory in north Tunisia and which metal elements are introduced into the production process. We determine also the metal input rate and their distribution at the entrance and exit of the process. The major elements were analyzed and the trace elements (Arsenic, barium, lead, mercury, boron, strontium, Cadmium, Chromium, copper, manganese, nickel, and zinc) were identified. The concentrations of heavy metals in CEMI showed no significant difference p

Keywords

Main Subjects

Environmental Chemistry

References

[1] Environmental Road Mapping Initiative, Iron and Steel: Impact, Risks and Regulations summary, “Ann Arbor, MI: National Center Manufacturing Sciences (2004).

[2] Goguel R.L., St John D.A., Chemical Identification of Portland Cements in New Zealand Concretes, Cement and Concrete Research, 23(1): 59-68 (1993).

[3] Dammaschke T., Gerth H.U., Züchner H., Schäfer E., Chemical and Physical Surface and Bulk Material Characterization of White ProRoot MTA and Two Portland Cements, Dental Materials, 21(8): 731-738 (2005).

[4] Ahmed U.J., Birnin–Yauri U.A., Dangoggo S.M., Studies on Leachability of Chromium from Ordinary Portland Cement, Biological and Environmental Sciences Journal for the Tropics, 6(2):89-91 (2009).

[5] Bucchi, Influence of the Nature and Preparation of Raw Materials on the Reactivity of Raw, Mix”, 7th, International Congress of Chemistry, Paris, 1:3-43 (1980).

[6] Taylor H.F.W., “Cement Chemistry”, Academic Press, London.;10-69 (1990).

[7] Falah F.B.H. Chemical Analysis of Ordinary Portland Cement of Jordan, Assiut University Bulletin for Environmental Researches, 14(1):1-9 (2011).

[8] Kong Q., Chen L., Wang L., Preparation of Sub-Standard Samples and XRF, Analytical Method of Powder Non-Metallic Minerals, Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi, 32(5):1405-1409 (2012).

[9] Bediako1M., Amankwa E.P., “Analysis of Chemical Composition of Portland cement in Ghana”: A Key to Understand the Behavior of Cement. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, Volume, Article ID 349401, 5 Pages (2015).

http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/349401

[10] Punmatharith T., Rachakornkij M., A. Imyim A., Wecharatana M., Co-Processing of Grinding Sludge as Alternative Raw Material in Portland Cement Clinker Production, Journal of Applied Sciences, 10(15):1525-1535 (2010).

[11] Lam H.K., Barford J.P., McKay G., Utilization of Incineration Waste Ash Residues as Portland Cement Clinker, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 21: 757-762(2010).

[12] Frias M.I., Sanchez R., Determination and Quantification of Total Chromium and Water Soluble Chromium Content in Commercial Cement, Cement and Concrete Research, 25(2): 432-43 (1995).

[13] Huntzinger D.N., Eatmon T.D., A Life-Cycle Assessment of Portland Cement Manufacturing: Comparing the Traditional Process with Alternative Technologies, Journal of Cleaner Production, 17(7): 668-675 (2009).

[14] Tamas K.S., “Study Aid 1.2- Construction/Building Materials I for Bsc (Civil and Architect Engineering)". Ybl Miklós College of Technology, Département des Matériaux de Construction et du Contrôle de la Qualité, Hongrie; (2010).

[15] (ESEN) European Standard EN 197-1, Cement - Part 1: Composition. Specifications and Conformity Criteria for Common Cements Prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 51 (2000).

[16]Wagner K., Vassilopoulos M., The European Cement Industry-Background Assessment for the IPTS BAT-Competitiveness Project (2000).

[17] Falah F.B.H., Chemical Analysis of Ordinary Portland Cement of Jordan, Assiut University Bulletin for Environnemental, 14(1):1-9 (2011).

[18] Pandey G., Shukla S., “A Text Book of Chemical Technology”, Vol. 1, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi, (1980).

[19] Vogel A., "Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis," The English Language Book Society and Longmans, Green & Co.Ltd, 5th edition, (1989).

[20] Eštoková A., Palaščákováa L., Singovszkáb E., Holubb E., Analysis of the Chromium Concentrations in Cement Materials, Procedia Engineering, 42: 123–130 (2012).

[21] Schmidt R., “Introduction to Clinker and Cement Phase Analysis”, Workshop, Karlsruhe, Germany (2004).

[22] Tervahatty H., Lodenius M., Tulisalo E., Effects of the Reduction of Cement Plant Pollution on the Foliar and Bark Chemical Composition of Scots Pin, Boreal Environment Research, 6: 251-259 (2001).

[23]Cipurkovic A., Trumic I., Hodžic Z., SelimbašicV., Djozic A., Distribution of Heavy Metals in Portland Cement Production Process Pelagia Research Library, Advances in Applied Science Research, 5(6): 252-259 (2014).

[24] Brandt A.M., Cement-Based Composites: Materials, Mechanical and Performance, 1st ed., E& FN Spon, London (1995).

[25] Achternbosch M., Bräutigam K.R., Gleis M., Hartlieb N., Kupsch C., Richers U., Stemmermann P., Heavy Metals in Cement and Concrete Resulting from the Co-Incineration of Wastes in Cement Kilns with Regard to the Legitimacy of Waste Utilisation Karlsruhe: Forschungs Zentrum Karlsruhe (2003).

[26] Tervahattu H., Lodenius M., Tulisalo E., Effects of the Reduction of Cement Plant Pollution on the Foliar and Bark Chemical Composition of Scots Pine, Boreal Environment Research, (6): 251-259 (2001).

[27]Tamás F.D., Abonyi J., Puertas F., Trace Elements Based Classification on Clinkers. Application to Spanish Clinkers. Materiales de Construcción, 263-264 (51): 85-96 (2001).

[28] Kumar S.S., Singh D., Baby S., Singh N.A., Vivek K., Impact of Dust Emission on Plant Vegetation of Vicinity of Cement Plant, Environmental Engineering and Mangement Journal, 7(1): 31-35 (2008).

[29] Linda Hills, Vagn C., “Johansen Hexavalent Chromium in Cement Manufacturing:Literature Review”, PCA R&D Serial No. 2983, Portland Cement Association 2007 Chen W.-K., Linear Networks and Systems (Book Style), Belmont, CA:Wadsworth. 123-135 (1993).