Optimization of Nusselt Number of Al2O3/Water Nanofluid Using Response Surface Methodology

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, P.O. Box 38156-8-8349 Arak, I.R. IRAN

Abstract

This study has primarily aimed at the examination of the effect of flow rate, solid volume fraction and their interactions on the Nusselt number of Al2O3/water nanofluids. To investigate the main and interaction effects on the response, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) has been used based on the miscellaneous design. By using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) the significance of the model is tested. The responses to the Nusselt number of nanofluids are also estimated using second-order polynomial equations.  The results show that the Nusselt number increases with a higher amount of flow rate and solid volume fraction. According to the analysis of variance, the Reynolds number (A), first and second order of effects of volume fraction (B, B2), the interaction of Reynolds number and volume fraction (AB) is the most effective factors on the Nusselt number. Finally, the optimum condition of the process is predicted based on the RSM method. Having considered the optimum condition, the Nusselt numbers are compared with experimental data. The results show that there is a good agreement between the results of the proposed model and experimental data. Therefore, according to the results, the Nusselt number is precisely predictable in the model proposed by the Design Expert software.

Keywords

Main Subjects


[1] Bergles A.E., Webb R.L., A Guide to the Literature on Convective Heat Transfer Augmentation,Adv Enhanced Heat Transfer.,43: 81-89 (1985).
[2] Mohebbi K., Rafee R., Talebi F.,  Effects of Rib Shapes on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Turbulent Flow of Al2O3-Water Nanofluid inside Ribbed Tubes, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 34(3): 61-77 (2015).
[4] Yousefi N., Pazouki M., Alikhani Hesari F., Alizadeh M., Statistical Evaluation of the Pertinent Parameters in Bio-synthesis of Ag/MWf-CNT Composites Using Plackett-Burman Design and Response Surface Methodology, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 35(2): 51-62 (2016).
[5] Khoshvaght-Aliabadi M., Hormozi F., Zamzamian A., Effects of Geometrical Parameters on Performance of Plate-Fin Heat Exchanger: Vortex-Generator as Core Surface and Nanofluid as Working Media, Applied Thermal Engineering., 72: 565-579 (2014).
[6] ] Darzi A.R., Farhadi M., Sedighi K., Aallahyari S., Delavar M.A., Turbulent Heat Transfer of Al2O3–Water Nanofluid Inside Helically Corrugated Tubes: Numerical Study, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer., 41: 68-75 (2013).
[7] Sundar LS., Sharma K., Turbulent Heat Transfer and Friction Factor of Al2O3 Nanofluid in Circular Tube with Twisted Tape Inserts, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer., 53:1406-1416 (2010).
[8] Khoshvaght-Aliabadi M., Hormozi F., Zamzamian A., Experimental Study of Cu–Water Nanofluid Forced Convective Flow Inside a Louvered Channel, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer., 51: 423-432 (2015).
[9] Chol S., Enhancing Thermal Conductivity of Fluids with Nanoparticles, ASME-Publications-Fed., 231: 99-106(1995).
[11] Leong KY., Che Ibrahim I., Amer NH., Risby M., Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Nanotube Based Nanofluids as Heat Transfer Fluids, Applied Mechanics and Materials: Trans Tech Publ; 29-33 (2016).
[12] Prasad P.D., Gupta A., Sreeramulu M., Sundar LS., Singh M., Sousa AC., Experimental Study of Heat Transfer and Friction Factor of Al2O3 Nanofluid in U-Tube Heat Exchanger with Helical Tape Inserts, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science., 62: 141-50 (2015).
[13] Wen D., Ding Y., Experimental Investigation into Convective Heat Transfer of Nanofluids at the Entrance Region under Laminar Flow Conditions, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer., 47: 5181-5188 (2004).
[14] Heris S.Z., Etemad S.G., Esfahany M.N., Experimental Investigation of Oxide Nanofluids Laminar Flow Convective Heat Transfer, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer., 33: 529-535 (2006).
[15] Bianco V., Manca O., Nardini S., Numerical Investigation on Nanofluids Turbulent Convection Heat Transfer Inside a Circular Tube, International Journal of Thermal Sciences., 50: 341-349 (2011).
[16] Behzadmehr A., Saffar-Avval M., Galanis N., Prediction of Turbulent Forced Convection of a Nanofluid in a Tube with Uniform Heat Flux Using a Two Phase Approach, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow., 28: 211-219 (2007).
[17] Hemmat Esfe M., Saedodin S., Mahmoodi M., Experimental Studies on the Convective Heat Transfer Performance and Thermophysical Properties of MgO–Water Nanofluid under Turbulent Flow, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science., 52: 68-78 (2014).
[18] Hojjat M., Etemad S.G., Bagheri R., Thibault J., Convective Heat Transfer of Non-Newtonian Nanofluids Through a Uniformly Heated Circular Tube, International Journal of Thermal Sciences., 50: 525-531(2011).
[19] Suresh S., Venkitaraj KP., Selvakumar P., Chandrasekar M., Effect of Al2O3–Cu/Water Hybrid Nanofluid in Heat Transfer, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science., 38: 54-60(2012).
[20] Duangthongsuk W., Wongwises S., Heat Transfer Enhancement and Pressure Drop Characteristics of TiO2–Water Nanofluid in a Double-Tube Counter Flow Heat Exchanger, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer., 52: 2059-2067(2009).
[21] Gnielinski V., New Equations for Heat and Mass-Transfer in Turbulent Pipe and Channel Flow, International Chemical Engineering, 16: 359-368 (1976).
[22] Petukhov B., Heat Transfer and Friction in Turbulent Pipe Flow with Variable Physical Properties, Advances in Heat Transfer., 6: 565-  (1970).
[23] Rahmanian B., Pakizeh M., Mansoori SAA., Abedini R., Application of Experimental Design Approach and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for the Determination of Potential Micellar-Enhanced Ultrafiltration Process, Journal of Hazardous materials., 187: 67-74 (2011).
[24] Abdollahi Y., Zakaria A., Aziz RaS., Tamil S., Matori KA., Shahrani N., et al. Optimizing Bi2O3 and TiO2 to Achieve the Maximum Non-Linear Electrical Property of ZnO Low Voltage Varistor, Chemistry Central Journal., 7: 137-   (2013).
 [27] Yetilmezsoy K., Demirel S., Vanderbei RJ., Response Surface Modeling of Pb (II) Removal from Aqueous Solution by Pistacia Vera L.: Box–Behnken Experimental Design., Journal of Hazardous Materials., 171: 551-562 (2009).