An Investigation of SILAR Grown CdO Thin Films

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Physics, Alagappa Government Arts College, Karaikudi – 630 003, INDIA

2 Department of Physics, Caussanel College of Arts and Science, Muthupettai – 623 523, INDIA

3 Department of Physics, Sri Sevugan Annamalai College, Devakottai – 630 303, INDIA

Abstract

Cadmium oxide (CdO) thin films were deposited on the glass substrate by the modified SILAR method, using cadmium acetate dihydrate and ammonium hydroxide aqueous solution as precursors. The structural, surface morphological, elemental composition and optical properties of the deposited films were investigated via X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, EDAX, optical absorption, photoluminescence, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The XRD analysis reveals that the films were polycrystalline with cubic structure. Both crystallinity and grain size were found to increase with increasing solution concentration. The energy-dispersive spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of Cd and O elements. The films exhibited a maximum transmittance (50% - 70%) in the infra-red region. Transmittance was found to increase with increasing precursor concentration and estimated bandgap energy (Eg) was in the range of 2.17 – 2.21 eV.

Keywords

Main Subjects


1] Balu A.R., Nagarethinam V.S., Suganya M., Arunkumar N., Selvan G., Effect of the Solution Concentration on the Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of SILAR Deposited CdO Thin Films, Journal of Electron Devices, 12: 739-749, (2012).
[2] Gurumurugan K., Mangalaraj D.,. Narayandass S.K, Balsubramanian C., Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties of Cadmium Oxide Films Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis, Phys. Stat. Sol., 143: 85-91 (1994).
[3] Roy B., “II-VI compounds” Pergamon Press, Oxford 1969.
[4] Galica D.M., Perez R.C., Sandoval O.J., Sandoval S.J.S., Romero C.I.Z., High Transmittance CdO Thin Films Obtained by the Sol-Gel Method, Thin Solid Film, 371: 105-108, (2000).
[5] Hame K., San S.E., CdO/Cu2O Solar Cells by Chemical Deposition, Solar Energy, 77(3): 291-294, (2004).
[6] Chug P.N., Padalkar P.R., Jamadede V.S.,.Lokhande C.D, Chemically Deposited Polycrystalline CdO Thin Films, Journal of Shivaji University (Science & Technology), 41: 1-2 (2015).
[7] Subramaniyam T., Krishna B., Uthanna S., Naidu B., Reddy P., Influence of Oxygen Pressure on the Physical Properties of dc Magnetron Reactive Sputtered Cadmium Oxide Films, Vacum., 48: 565-569 (1997).
[8] Li X., Gessert T., Coutts T., The Properties of Cadmium Tin Oxide Thin-Film Compounds Prepared by Linear Combinatorial Synthesis, Appl. Surf. Sci., 223: 138-143 (2004).
[9] Ellis D., Irvine S., MOCVD of Highly Conductive CdO Thin Films, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron., 15: 369-372 (2004).
[10] Dakhel A., Transparent Conducting Properties of Samarium-Doped CdO, J. Alloys Compd., 475: 51-54 (2009).
[11] Chang J., Mane R., Ham D., Lee W., Cho B., Lee J., Han S., Electrochemical Capacitive Properties of Cadmium Oxide Films, Electrochem. Acta, 53: 695-699 (2007).
[12] Gupta R., Ghosh K., Patel R., Mishra S., Kahol P., Highly Conducting and Transparent Tin-Doped CdO Thin Films for Optoelectronic Applications, Mater. Lett., 62: 4103-4105 (2008).
[13] Salunkhe R., Dhawale D., Dubal D., Lokhande C., Sprayed CdO Thin Films for Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Detection, Sens. Actuators B, 140: 86-91 (2009).
[14] Ali H., Mohamed H., Wakkad M., Hasaneen M., Optical and Electrical Properties of Tin-Doped Cadmium Oxide Films Prepared by Electron Beam Technique, J. Appl. Phys., 48: 041101-7 (2009).
[15] Cullity B.D., “Elements of X-Ray Diffraction”, Addison-Wesley Publications Company Inc, Reading, Massachusetts, (1956).
[16] Aksoy S., Caglar Y., Ilican S., Caglar M., Effect of Heat Treatment on Physical Properties of CdO Films Deposited by Sol–Gel Method, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 34: 5191-5195 (2009).
[17] de León-Gutiérrez L., Cayente-Romero J., Peza-Tapia J., Barrera-Calva E., Martínez-Flores J., Ortega-López M., Some Physical Properties of Sn-Doped CdO Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition, Mater. Lett., 60: 3866-3870 (2006).
[18] Ocampo M., Fernandez A., Sebastian P., Transparent Conducting CdO Films Formed by Chemical Bath Deposition, Semicond. Sci. Technol., 8: 750-   (1993).
[19] Salunkhe R., Dhawale D., Gujar T., Lokhande C., Structural, Electrical and Optical Studies of SILAR Deposited Cadmium Oxide Thin Films: Annealing Effect, Mater. Res. Bull., 44: 364-368 (2009).
[20] Gokul B., Matheswaran P., Sathyamoorthy R., Influence of Annealing on Physical Properties of CdO Thin Films Prepared by SILAR Method, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 29(1): 17-21 (2013).
[21] Karunakaran M., Chandramohan R., Balamurali S., Gomathi S., Kabila K., Mahalingam T., Structural and Optical Prosperities of Nickel Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films Grown by Low Cost Modified SILAR Method, Int. J. Thin Film. Sci. Tec., 3(2): 61-65 (2014).
[22] Mahaboob Beevia M., Anusuyab M., Saravananc V., Characterization of CdO Thin Films Prepared by SILAR Deposition Technique, Int. J. Chem Eng Appl., 1(2): 151-154 (2010).
[23] Karunakaran M., Rubanancy K., Rajini M., Kavitha G., Chandramohan R., Influence of Dipping Cycle on Physical Properties of Nanocrystalline CdO Thin Films Prepared by SILAR Method, Int. J. Chem. Tech. Res., 02(01): 84-89 (2016).
[24] Valanarasu S., Dhanasekaran V., Karunakaran M., Chandramohan R., Mahalingam T., Role of Solution pH on the Microstructural Properties of Spin Coated Cobalt Oxide Thin Films, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 13: 1-6 (2013).
[25] Valanarasu S., Dhanasekaran V., Karunakaran M., Chandramohan R., Mahalingam M., Role of Solution pH on the Microstructural Properties of Spin Coated Cobalt Oxide Thin Films, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 13: 1-6 (2013).
[26]  Bilgin V., Kose S., Atay F., Akyuz I., The Effect of Substrate Temperature on the Structural and Some Physical Properties of Ultrasonically Sprayed CdS Films, Mater. Chem. Phys., 94: 103-108 (2005).
[27] Ashraf M., Akhtar S.m.J., Khan A.F., Ali Z., Qayyum A., Effect of Annealing on Structural and Optoelectronic Properties of Nanostructured ZnSe Thin Films, J. Alloy. Compd, 509: 2414-2419 (2011).
[28] Karunakaran M., Maheswari S., Kasirajan K., Dineshraj S., Physical Properties of Nanocrystalline Tin Oxide Thin Film by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis Method, IJRASET, 4(8): 691-695 (2016).
[29] WaheedS.Khan, Chuanbao, Faheem K.Butt, Zahid Usman, Ghulam Nabi, Ayesha Ihsan, AsmaRehman, Irshad Hussain and Tanveer M., Hydrogen Storage and PL Properties of Novel Cd/CdO Shelled Hollow Microspheres Prepared under NH3 Gas Environment, Int. J. Hydro.Energy, 38: 2332-2336, (2013).
[30] Ningthoujam R.S., Sudarsan V., Kulshreshtha S.K., SnO2: Eu Nanoparticles Dispersed in Silica: A Low Temperature Synthesis and Photoluminescence Study, J. Lumin., 127: 747-756, (2007).
[31] Dong JuSeo. Structural and Optical Properties of CdO Films Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis, J. Korean. Phy. Soc., 45: 1575-1579 (2004).
[32] Mummoorthi M., Anandhan N., Marimuthu T., Ravi G., Suganya T., An Effect of Supporting Electrolyte Based CdO Polycrystalline Thin Film Prepared by Electrodeposition Method, Int. Journal of ChemTech Research, 6(13): 5304-5308 (2014).
[33] Athar T., Shafi S.S.M., Khan A.A., Soft Chemical Process for Synthesis of CdO Nanoparticles, Materials Focus, 3: 397–400 (2014).