Electrooxidation of Formic Acid and Formaldehyde on the Fe3O4@Pt Core-Shell Nanoparticles/Carbon-Ceramic Electrode

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Electroanalytical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, I.R. IRAN

Abstract

In the present work, the electrooxidation of formic acid and formaldehyde; potentially important fuels for future fuel cells, was investigated on the Fe3O4@Pt core-shell nanoparticles/carbon-ceramic electrode (Fe3O4@Pt/CCE). The Fe3O4@Pt nanoparticles were prepared via a simple and fast chemical method and their surface morphology, nanostructure properties, chemical composition, crystal phase, and electrochemical behavior were investigated by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electrochemical methods, respectively. Then the electrocatalytic activity of the Fe3O4@Pt/CCE toward the oxidation of formic acid and formaldehyde was studied in details. The primary electrochemical analysis shows that the Fe3O4@Pt/CCE has superior catalytic activity and stability for formic acid and formaldehyde oxidation compared to Pt-alone nanoparticles on the carbon-ceramic electrode (Pt/CCE). The present investigation demonstrates that the Fe3O4@Pt/CCE electrocatalyst may play a significant role in future fuel cell applications.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] Serrano E., Rus G., García-Martínez J., Nanotechnology for Sustainable Energy, Renew. Sust. Energy Rev., 13: 2373-2384 (2009).
[2] Carrette L., Friedrich K. A., Stimming U., Fuel Cells: Principles, Types, Fuels, and Application, Chem. Phys. Chem., 4: 162-193 (2000).
[3] Lamy C., Belgsir E. M., Léger J. M., Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Aliphatic Alcohols: Application to the Direct Alcohol Fuel Cell (DAFC), J. Appl. Electrochem., 31: 799-809 (2001).
[4] Corti H. R., Gonzalez E. R., “Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells: Materials, Performance, Durability and Applications”, Springer (2014).
[5] Xiong L., Manthiram A., Nanostructured Pt–M/C (M= Fe and Co) Catalysts Prepared by a Microemulsion Method for Oxygen Reduction in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, Electrochim. Acta, 50: 2323-2329 (2005).
[6] Hamidi P., Ojani R., Razmi H., Razavipanah I., High Catalytic Performance of Pt Nanoparticles via Support of Conducting Polymer for Electrooxidation of Methanol at Carbon Ceramic Electrode, J. Iran. Chem. Soc., 12: 667-676 (2015).
[7] Razavipanah I., Rounaghi Gh.H., Arbab Zavvar M.H., Electrochemical Preparation of Effective and Low Cost Catalyst for Electrooxidation of Ethanol, J. Iran. Chem. Soc., 10: 1279-1289 (2013).
[8] Habibi B., Delnavaz N., Facile Synthesis of Pd Nanoparticles on Nano Carbon Supports and Their Application as an Electrocatalyst for Oxidation of Ethanol in Alkaline Media: The Effect of Support, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 40: 10833-10846 (2015).
[9] Habibi B., Delnavaz N., Pt-CeO2/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite for the Electrooxidation of Formic Acid and Formaldehyde. RSC Adv., 5: 73639-73650 (2015).
[10] Habibi B., Mohammadyari S., Palladium Nanoparticles/Nanostructured Carbon Black Composite on Carbon-Ceramic Electrode as an Electrocatalyst for Formic Acid Fuel Cells, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Ene., 58: 245-251 (2016).
[11] Wen W., Li Ch., Li W., Tian Y., Carbon-Supported Pd-Cr Electrocatalysts for the Electrooxidation of Formic Acid that Demonstrate High Activity and Stability, Electrochim. Acta, 109: 201-206(2013).
[12] Habibi B., Delnavaz N., Carbon-Ceramic Supported Bimetallic Pt-Ni Nanoparticles as an Electrocatalyst for Oxidation of Formic Acid, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 36: 9581-9590 (2011).
[13] Habibi B., Delnavaz N., Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Formic Acid and Formaldehyde on Platinum Nanoparticles Decorated Carbon-Ceramic Substrate, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 35: 8831-8840 (2010).
[14]Raoof J.B., Hosseini S.R., Ojani R., Aghajani S., Fabrication of Bimetallic Cu/Pd Particles Modified Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrode and Its Use Towards Formaldehyde Electrooxidation, J. Mol. Liq., 204: 106-111 (2015).
[15] Yu Y., Su W., Yuan M., Fu Y., Hu J., Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Formaldehyde on Nickel Ion Implanted-Modified Indium Tin Oxide Electrode, J. Power Sources, 286: 130-135 (2015).
[16] Lei T., Zhang Sh., Li D., Zhang W., huang Sh., Xie Ch., The Influence of Au and Pt Electrodes on the Stability of TiO2 under UV Light Activation for Sensing Formaldehyde in Moisture Circumstances. Sens. Actuators, B, 19: 15-21 (2014).
[17] Jianga C., Chena H., Yua C., Zhanga S., Liua B., Kong J., Preparation of the Pt Nanoparticles Decorated Poly(N acetylaniline)/MWNTs Nanocomposite and Its Eelectrocatalytic Oxidation Toward Formaldehyde, Electrochim. Acta, 54: 1134-1140 (2009).
[18] Raoof J.B., Ojani R., Abdi S., Hosseini S.R., Highly Improved Electrooxidation of Formaldehyde on Nickel/poly (o toluidine)/Triton X-100 Film Modified Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrode, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 37: 2137-2146 (2012).
[19] Colussi S., Boaro M., Rogatis L., Pappacena A., Leitenburg C., Llorca J., Trovarelli. A, Room Temperature Oxidation of Formaldehyde on Pt-Based Catalysts: A Comparison between Ceria and Other Supports (TiO2, Al2O3 and ZrO2). Catal. Today, 253: 163-171 (2015).
[20] Gamelas J.A.F., Oliveira F., Evtyugina M.G., Portugal I., Evtuguin D.V., Catalytic Oxidation of Formaldehyde by Ruthenium Multisubstituted Tungstosilicic Polyoxometalate Supported on Cellulose/Silica Hybrid, Appl. Catal., A, 509: 8-16 (2016).
[21] QuZh., Chen D., Sun Y., Wang Y., High Catalytic Activity for Formaldehyde Oxidation of AgCo/APTES@MCM-41 Prepared by Two Steps Method, Appl. Catal., A, 487: 100-109 (2014).
[22] Wang D., Wang J., Lu Sh., Jiang S.P., Facile Synthesis of Sub-Monolayer Sn, Ru, and RuSn Decorated Pt/Nanoparticles for Formaldehyde Electrooxidation, J. Electroanal. Chem., 712: 55-61 (2014).
[23] Raoof J.B., Hosseini S. R., Rezaee Sh., Preparation o Pt/poly(2-Methoxyaniline)-sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Composite and Its Application for Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Methanol and Formaldehyde, Electrochim. Acta, 141: 340-348 (2014).
[24] Yu Y., Wang T., Fu Y., Su W., Hu J., Platinum Nanoparticles Ion Implanted-Modified Indium Tin Oxide Electrode for Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Formaldehyde, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 39: 17617-17621 (2014).
[25] Habibi B., Pournaghi-Azar M.H., Composite Electrodes Consisting Pt Nano-Particles and Poly (aminophenols) Film on Pre-treated Aluminum Substrate as Electrocatalysts for Methanol Oxidation, J. Solid State Electrochem., 14: 599-613 (2010).
[26] Habibi B., Pournaghi-Azar M.H., Abdolmohammad-Zadeh H., Razmi H., Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Methanol on Mono and Bimetallic Composite Films: Pt and Pt–M (M=Ru, Ir and Sn) Nano-particles in Poly(o-aminophenol),  Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 34: 2880-2892 (2009).
[27] Antolini E., Formation of Carbon-Supported PtM Alloys for Low Temperature Fuel Cells: A Review, Mater. Chem. Phy., 78: 563-573 (2003).
[28] Ghosh Chaudhuri R., Paria S., Core/Shell Nanoparticles: Classes, Properties, Synthesis Mechanisms, Characterization, and Applications. Chem. Rev., 112: 2373-2433 (2012).
[29] Sieben J.M., Alvarez A.E., Comignani V., Duarte M.M.E., Methanol and Ethanol Oxidation on Carbon Supported Nanostructured Cu Core Pt-Pd Shell Electrocatalysts Synthesized via Redox Displacement, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 39: 11547-11556 (2014).
[30] Otoufi M.K., Shahtahsebebi N., Kompany A., Goharshadi E., A Systematic Growth of Gold Nanoseeds on Silica for Silica@Gold Core-Shell Nanoparticles and Investigation of Optical Properties,Int. J. Nano Dimension, 5: 525-531 (2014). 
[31] Gelali A., Solymani SH., Elahi M., Ghodseahi T., Zahrabi H., Vesaghi M. A., Ahmadi Rad M., Shafiekhani A., Ahmadpourian A., Fabrication of Cu-Ni Core-Shell Nanoparticles by CO Deposition of RF-PECVD and RF-Sputtering, Iran. J. Surf. Engineering, 11: 39-43 (2011).
[32] Zhong C. J., Maye M.M., Core–Shell Assembled Nanoparticles as Catalysts. Adv. Mater., 13: 1507-1511 (2001).
[33] Yang H., Platinum-Based Electrocatalysts with Core-Shell Nanostructures. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 50: 2674-2676 (2011).
[34] Long N.V., Hien T.D., Asaka T., Ohtaki M., Nogami M., Synthesis and Characterization of Pt-Pd Nanoparticles with Core-Shell Morphology: Nucleation and Overgrowth of the Pd Shells on the As-Prepared and Defined Pt Seeds, J. Alloys Compd., 509: 7702-7709 (2011).
[35] Long N.V., Yang Y., Thi C.M., Minhh N.V., Cao Y., Nogami M., The Development of Mixture, Alloy, and Core-Shell Nanocatalysts with Nanomaterial Supports for Energy Conversion in Low-Temperature Fuel Cells, Nano Energy, 2: 636-676 (2013).
[36] Luo J., Wang L., Mott D., Njoki P. N., Lin Y., He T., Xu Z., Wanjana B. N., Lim I. I. S., Zhong C. J., Core/Shell Nanoparticles as Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cell Reactions, Adv. Mater., 20: 4342-4347 (2008).
[37] Sánchez-Padilla N.M., Montemayor S.M., Torres L.A., Rodríguez Varela F.J., Fast Synthesis and Electrocatalytic Activity of M@Pt(M [ Ru, Fe3O4, Pd) Core-Shell Nanostructures for the Oxidation of Ethanol and Methanol, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 38: 12681-12688 (2013).
[38] Habibi B., Dadashpour E., Carbon-Ceramic Supported Bimetallic Pt-Ni Nanoparticles as an Electrocatalyst for Electrooxidation of Methanol and Ethanol in Acidic Media, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 38: 5425-5434 (2013).
[39] Habibi B., Dadashpour E., Electrooxidation of
2-Propanol and 2-Butanol on the Pt–Ni Alloy Nanoparticles in Acidic Media,Electrochim. Acta, 88: 157-164 (2013).
[40] Sánchez-Padilla N.M., Morales-Acosta D., Morales-Acosta M.D., Montemayor S. M., Rodríguez-Varela F.J., Catalytic Activity and Selectivity for the ORR of Rapidly Synthesized M@Pt (M [ Pd, Fe3O4, Ru) Core-Shell Nanostructures, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 39: 16706-16714 (2014).
[41] Li Z., He Ch., Cai M., Kang Sh., A Shen P.K., Strategy for Easy Synthesis of Carbon Supported Co@Pt Core-Shell Configuration as Highly Active Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 37: 14152-14160 (2012).
[42] Zhang M., Yan Z., Xie J., Core/shell Ni@Pd Nanoparticles Supported on MWCNTs at Improved Electrocatalytic Performance for Alcohol Oxidation in Alkaline Media, Electrochim. Acta, 77: 237-243 (2012).
[43] Padayachee D., Golovko V., Marshall A. T., The Effec of MnO2 Loadin on the Glycerol Electrooxidation Activi of Au/MnO2/C Catalysts, Electrochim. Acta, 98: 208-217 (2013).
[44] Yan Z., Meng H., Kang Shen P., Meng Y., Ji H., Effect of the Templates on the Synthesis of Hollow Carbon Materials as Electrocatalyst Supports for Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 37: 4728-4736 (2012).
[45] Trasatti S., Petrii O.A., Real Surface Area Measurements in Electrochemistry, Pure Appl. Chem., 63: 711-734 (1991).
[46] ChaparroA.M., Martín A.J., Folgado M.A., Gallardo B., Daza L., Comparative Analysis of the Electroactive Area of Pt/C PEMFC Electrodes in Liquid and Solid Polymer Contact by Underpotential Hydrogen Adsorption/Desorption, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 34: 4838-4846 (2009).
[47] Camachoa B.R., Moraisa C., Valenzuela M.A., Alonso-Vantea N., Enhancing Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity and Stability of Platinum via Oxide-Carbon Composites, Catal. Today, 202: 36-43 (2013).
[48] Rezaei B., Havakeshian E., Ensafi A.A., Fabrication of a Porous Pd Film on Nanoporous Stainless Steel Using Galvanic Replacement as a Novel Electrocatalyst/Electrode Design for Glycerol Oxidation, Electrochim. Acta, 136: 89-96 (2014).
[49] Zhang M., Yan Z., Xie J., Core/shell Ni@Pd Nanoparticles Supported on MWCNTs at Improved Electrocatalytic Performance for Alcohol Oxidation in Alkaline Media, Electrochim. Acta, 77: 237-243 (2012).
[50] Xu W., Zhua Sh., Li Zh., Cui Zh., Yang X., Synthesis and Catalytic Properties of Pd Nanoparticles Loaded Nanoporous TiO2 Material, Electrochim. Acta, 114: 35-41 (2013).
[51] Qin Y.H., Yang H.H., Lva R.L., Wang W.G., Wang C.W., TiO2 Nanotube Arrays Supported Pd Nanoparticles for Ethanol Electrooxidation in Alkaline Media, Electrochim. Acta, 105: 372-277 (2013).
[52] Zhu J., Zhao X., Xiao M., Liang L., Liu Ch., Liao J., Xing W., The Construction of Nitrogen-Doped Graphitized, Carbon-TiO2 Composite to Improve the Electrocatalyst for Methanol Oxidation, Carbon, 72: 114-124 (2014).
[53] Liang R., Hu A., Persic J., Zhou Y.N., Palladium Nanoparticles Loaded on Carbon Modified TiO2 Nanobelts for Enhanced Methanol Electrooxidation, Nano-Micro Lett, 5: 202-212 (2013).
[54] Lin R., Cao Ch., Zhao T., Huang Zh., Li B., Wieckowski A., Ma J., Synthesis and Application of Coreeshell Co@Pt/C Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, J. Power Sources, 223: 190-198 (2013).
[55] Santiago E.I., Varanda L.C., Villullas M.J., Carbon-Supported Pt-Co Catalyst Prepared by a Modified Polyol Process as Cathodes for PEM Fuel Cells, J. Phys. Chem. C, 111: 3146-3151 (2007).
[56] Wu G., Swaidan R., Cui G., Electrooxidations of Ethanol, Acetaldehyde and Acetic Acid Using PtRuSn/C Catalysts Prepared by Modified Alcohol-Reduction Process, J. Power Sources, 172: 180-188 (2007).
[57] Wanga X., Maa G., Zhua F., Lina N., Tanga B., Zhang Zh., Preparation and Characterization of Micro-arc-induced Pd/TM(TM = Ni, Co and Ti) Catalysts and Comparison of Their Electrocatalytic Activities Toward Ethanol Oxidation, Electrochim. Acta, 114: 500-508 (2013).
[58] Zhou W., Lee J.Y., Highly Active Core-Shell Au@Pd Catalyst for Formic Acid Electrooxidation, Electrochem. Commun., 9: 1725-1729 (2007).
[59] Ma C., Jin Y., Shi M., Chu Y., Xu Y., Jia W., Yuan Q., Chen J., Pan H., Dai Q., Highly Active Pd/WO3-CNTs Catalysts for Formic Acid Electrooxidation and Study of the Kinetics, Ionics, 20: 1419-1426 (2014).
[60] Wang Y., Wu B., Gao Y., Tang Y., Lu T., Xing W., Liu C., Kinetic Study of Formic Acid Oxidation on Carbon Supported Pd Electrocatalyst, J. Power Sources, 192: 372-375 (2009).
[61] Lović J.D., Tripković A.V., Gojković S. Lj., Popović K. Dj., Tripković D.V., Olszewski P., Kowal A., Kinetic Study of Formic Acid Oxidation on Carbon-Supported Platinum Electrocatalyst, J. Electroanal. Chem., 581: 294-302 (2005).
[62] Jovanović V.M., Tripković D., Tripković A., Kowal A., Stoch J., Oxidation of Formic Acid on Platinum Electrodeposited on Polished and Oxidized Glassy Carbon, Electrochem. Commun., 7: 1039-1044 (2005).
[63] Liu Y., Wang L., Wang G., Deng C., Wu B., Gao Y., High Active Carbon Supported PdAu Catalyst for Formic Acid Electrooxidation and Study of the Kinetics. J. Phys. Chem. C. 114: 21417-21422 (2010).
[64] Habibi E., Razmi H., Glycerol Electrooxidation on Pd, Pt and Au Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Ceramic Electrode in Alkaline Media, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 37: 16800-16809 (2012).
[65] Rezaei M., Tabaian S. H., Fatmehsari Haghshenas D., The Role of Electrodeposited Pd Catalyst Loading on the Mechanisms of Formic Acid Electro-Oxidation. Electrocatalysis,5: 193-203 (2014).
[66] Lu H.T., Yang Z.J., Yang X., Fan Y., CeO2 Nanotubes Supported Pd Electrocatalysts for Formic Acid Oxidation. Electrocatalysis, 6: 255-262 (2015).
[67] Khorasani-Motlagh M., Noroozifar M., Ekrami-Kakhki M. S., Investigation of the Nanometals (Ni and Sn) in Platinum Binary and Ternary Electrocatalysts for Methanol Electrooxidation, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 36: 11554-11563 (2011).
[68] ÓSullivan E. J. M., White J. R., Electro‐Oxidation of Formaldehyde on Thermally Prepared RuO2 and Other Noble Metal Oxides. J. Electrochem. Soc., 136: 2576-2583 (1989).
[69] Brett C.M.A., Brett M.O., “Electrochemistry: Principles, Methods, and Applications”, Oxford University Press, Oxford, (2002).
[70] Ojani R., Safshekan S., Raoof J.B., Silver Nanoparticle Decorated Poly(2-aminodiphenylamine) Modified Carbon Paste Electrode as a Simple and Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxidation of Formaldehyde, Chin. J. Catal., 35: 1565-1570 (2014).
[71] Wen W., Li Ch., Li W., Tian Y., Carbon-Supported Pd-Cr Electrocatalysts for the Electrooxidation of Formic Acid that Demonstrate High Activity and Stability, Electrochim. Acta, 109: 201-206 (2013).
[72] Kakati N., Maiti J., Lee S.H., Yoon Y.S., Core Shell Like Behavior of PdMo Nanoparticles on Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes and Their Methanol Oxidation Activity in Alkaline Medium, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 37: 19055-19064 (2012).
[73] Tan H., Ma X., Sheng L., An K., Yu L., Zhao H., Xu J., Ren W., Zhao X., Direct Synthesis of Few-Layer Graphene Supported Platinum Nanocatalyst for Methanol Oxidation, Jap. J. Appl. Phys, 11: 117101 (2014).
[74] Zhang Q., Pan D., Zhang H. Y., Han H.T.,
Synthesis of Platinum Nanoparticles with Higher Stability in Ionic Liquid-Nafion Film and Their Electrocatalytic Application, Micro & Nano Lett. 10: 198-201 (2015).
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Volume 35, Issue 4 - Serial Number 80
December 2016
Pages 99-112

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics