2024-03-28T21:22:19Z
https://ijcce.ac.ir/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=1621
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng.
1021-9986
1021-9986
2002
21
2
Sodium Hypochlorite-Dowex 1X8-200: A Convenient Oxidizing Reagant
Mahammad
Mahmoodi Hashemi
Yousef
Ahmadibeni
The polymer supported hypochlorite ion is a facile selective oxidizing agent for the oxidation of various alcohols to aldehydes and ketones. Similarly is successfully oxidizes various Hantzsch type 1,4- dihydropyridines to corresponding pyridines.
Oxidation
Supported oxidants
Hantzsch dihydropyridines
Alcohols
Sodium hypochlorite
2002
12
01
71
73
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_9554_2a35c9fa7c8c1cc7858c13636a40f963.pdf
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng.
1021-9986
1021-9986
2002
21
2
Viscosity Calculation of Supercritical Gases Based on the Rainwater-Friend Theory and the Modified Enskog Theory
Yousef
Ghayeb
Bijan
Najafi
Vahid
Moeini
Gholam Abbas
Parsafar
A new correlation function for the calculation of viscosity for five typical supercritical gases is presented using the rainwater-Friend and modified Enskog theory. It is shown that by using accurate value for the thermal pressure and co-volume in the modified Enskog theory, this correlation function is suitable for calculation of the viscosity of supercritical gases, without any density and temperature limitation. For this purpose, two new correlation functions for the calculation of the thermal pressure coefficient and co-volume are presented. It is also shown that the co-volume in the modified Enskog theory depends not only on temperature, but also on density. The accuracy of the calculated viscosity is about 1%, which is much better than the previous work. It is also shown that the modified Enskog theory can be extended to very high density-temperature ranges by choosing correct values for the thermal pressure and co-volume.
Co-volume
Modified Enskog theory
Rainwater-Friend theory
Residual viscosity function
Thermal pressure
Viscosity
2002
12
01
74
79
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_9557_cd44bf61f9db8df3096d6e8f4361ac31.pdf
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng.
1021-9986
1021-9986
2002
21
2
Elimination of Chemical and Spectral Interferences in Measurement of Trace Elements in Urine and Blood by Combined Electrodeposition-Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Nahid
Mashkouri Najafi
A combined electrodeposition-ETAAS technique has been applied to the analysis of Pb, Cd, Co, Ni, Cr and Mn in biological samples in order to overcome interferences and to minimize sample pretreatment. It requires minimal sample preparation with the electrolysis process aiding partial decomposition of the organic matrix, adequate for the release and deposition of trace elements. In an initial electrodeposition step, the graphite furnace is coated by Pd. Analytes are then electrodeposited in situ from the sample at optimized applied voltage and time onto the Pd-coated furnace, followed by removal of spent electrolyte and atomization. The high background signals due to matrix components of urine and blood were eliminated by the technique and the sensitivity of determination was improved up to five-fold with respect to conventional ETAAS technique. A good precision of 1-3 %RSD (depending on the element and sample matrix) has been obtained. The recovery of added analytes is close to 100% based on comparison with conventional ETAAS of aqueous samples. The accuracy of the technique was established by analyzing the urine standard reference material, SRM2670. The results of determinations of the elements tested are within the range of certified values given by the NIST with an acceptable %RSD.
Blood and urine analysis
ETAAS
Trace element analysis
Electro deposition
2002
12
01
80
86
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_9558_1afef3073c69acc871b2d188cd8ad6fd.pdf
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng.
1021-9986
1021-9986
2002
21
2
Infra-red and Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Infected and Affected Dentine
Amonollah
Aminzadeh
Atousa
Aminzadeh
Kazem
Khosravy
Diagnosis of infected and affected dentine is an important factor in clininal restorative treatment of dentine. In this study, the IR and Raman spectra of the sound dentine, infected dentine and affected dentine are reported. The structure of infected dentine and affected dentine has been compared with the sound dentine and hydroxyapatite. It is shown while the infected dentine has lost its structure, the affected dentine has more or less a structure similar to the sound dentine. The molecular structure of collagen remains unchanged in both infected and affected dentine.
IR spectroscopy
Raman spectroscopy
Dentine
Infected dentine
Affected dentine
Dental treatment
2002
12
01
87
90
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_9617_b0e7922416b350542c7f5e16dd565156.pdf
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng.
1021-9986
1021-9986
2002
21
2
Sensing of Iron Ions by Solid Phase Spectrophotometry
Yadollah
Yamini
Atefeh
Tamaddon
A new sensitive and selective spectrophotometric method for the determination of iron using a PVC membrane containing bathophenanthroline and dioctylphethalate as the solid phase extraction medium is investigated. Fe(II) in an aqueous sample solution is trapped on the membrane with an anion species, picrate ion and forms a complex with bathophenanthroline. The absorbance of the red-orange membrane is measured at 540 nm using a spectrophotometer. The influence of type and concentration of counter ion, temperature of analyte solution, time, pH and amount of reducing agent on the absorbance is investigated. The detectable limit of iron in a sample solution is in the range of 5´10-5 - 1´10-2 M. The effect of various cationic interferences on determination of iron is also studied.
Iron
Bathophenanthroline
Solid phase spectrophotometry
2002
12
01
91
96
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_9618_ca4e40db71dcef0f84355b8e6aad0088.pdf
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng.
1021-9986
1021-9986
2002
21
2
Preparation of Poly-N-Methylpyrrole Coated Platinum Modified Electrode in Chloroform in the Presence of Various Supporting Electrolytes and Its Use for the Catalytic Oxidation of Ascorbic Acid and Hydroquinone
Jahanbakhsh
Raoof
Reza
Ojani
Mohammad
Fallah
The electrochemical preparation of poly-N-methylpyrrole (PMPy) coated platinum electrode in chloroform in the presence of tetrabutylammonium Perchlorate, hexafluorophosphate, hydrogensulphate, Periodate and Iodide as supporting electrolytes was performed. The influence of electrosynthesis method, dopant anion type and operation temperature on electrochemical behavior of polymer were demonstrated. The electrocatalytic effect of the PMPy-coated electrode revealed by its oxidation of ascorbic acid and hydroquinone in water. The electrochemical data show the occurrence of a redox reaction at the film/solution interface. Results in comparison to the literature show that the electrocatalytic effect of PMPy prepared in chloroform is greater than the polypyrrole prepared in this solvent and also PMPy prepared in acetonitrile has greater electrocatalytic effect than PMPy prepared in chloroform. The calculated heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (K°) at the PMPy-modified Pt electrode at 25 °C was 8´10-4 cms-1 which is 800-fold greater than the value (<10-6 cms-1) reported for bare Pt electrode.
Electropolymerization
Electrocatalysis
Poly N-methylpyrrole
Ascorbic acid
Hydroquinone
Chloroform
2002
12
01
97
103
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_9619_8c26193f52f46f2834ea9cd2f16e4efa.pdf
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng.
1021-9986
1021-9986
2002
21
2
Synthesis and Spectral Studies on Thorium (IV) Coordination Compounds of 4-[N-(2-Hydroxybenzalidene)amino] AntipyrineSmeicarbazone and 4-[N-Cinnamalidene) amino] ANtipyrine Semicarbazone
Ram K.
Agrawal
Indranil
Chakraborti
N.K.
Sharma
The stereochemistry of the actinide elements has recently undergone considerable development and a wide variety of coordination numbers and geometries have been observed. This structural versatility arises from the lack of strong crystal field effects for the 5f-electronic configurations as well as from the large ionic radii of these metal ions, which change markedly with oxidation number, or atomic number for the actinides. To review the concept, in the present work, we wish to report the synthesis and spectral properties of some new thorium (IV) conplexes of 4-(N-(2-Hydroxybenzalidene)amino] antipyrine semicarbazone (HBAAPS) and 4-[N-Cinnamalidene)-amino] antipyrine emicarbazone (CAAPS) with the general composition ThX4.2L (X=Cl¯, Br¯, I¯, NCS¯ or CiO4¯ and Th(NO3)4.L (L=HBAAPS or CAAPS). The infrared data suggest that the semicarbazones behave as tridentate N,N,O-donors. In conclusion thorium (IV) displays coordination numbers 6, 8, 10 or 11 depending on the nature of coordinating anions of these coordination compounds.
Thorium (IV)
Coordination compounds
Semicarbazone
2002
12
01
104
109
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_9620_d4b5e46e2d1b7510a382c7715dc8aebd.pdf
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng.
1021-9986
1021-9986
2002
21
2
Effect of Metal Salt Coagulants on Treatment of Activated Sludge Effluent in Sulfite Mill Pulp and Paper Plant
Mohammad
Chalkosh Amiri
Shaban
Ghodbanan
Pulp and paper effluents are considered as serious environmental hazards and their treatment, because of multiplicity of impurities and complexity of their chemical structures, is one of the most difficult and inconvenient industrial processes. As the most pulp and paper mill work on kraft process, there are few studies in literature on the treatment of neural sulfite semi chemical (NSSC) process effluents. Sulfate lignin (SL) is the main concern of kraft process while lignosulphanates (LS) are primary concern for NSSC process. The high charge density of LS in the side range of pH makes it more stable than SL. This experimental study examined the effect of metal salt coagulants (Alum, poly aluminium chloride, aluminum chloride and ferric chloride) on the treatment of activated sludge effluent in NSSC process used in Mazandaran pulp and paper industry. These coagulants were able to remove colour, turbidity and COD of the waste water up to 90, 95 and 70%, respectively. Results show that ferric chloride has the best performance among coagulants studied here. This feature of ferric chloride supports the idea that the Fe is more amenable to hydrolysis than Al.
Sulfite mill effluent
Alum
Ferric chloride
PAC
Aluminum chloride
Water treatment
2002
12
01
110
117
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_9621_273e75aac8c91cca00fb92049ebae4f5.pdf
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng.
1021-9986
1021-9986
2002
21
2
Prediction of the Operating Conditions in a Batch Distillation Column Using a Shortcut Method
Mohammad Reza
Ehsani
A shortcut procedure as quick, easy-to use method for design and simulation of multicomponent batch distillation is used to predict the operating condition of recovering xylene from solvent in an existing batch distillation column in benzol refinery. The procedure can be used to investigate the effect of the operating parameters on the operation of column for three possible modes of batch distillation operations; constant reflux, variable reflux and step wise change in the reflux ratio. It is shown that step wise change in the reflux ratio, in comparison with a fixed ratio mode, can significantly reduce the required operation time and makes the operation more economical even at high reflux ratios. Applying the procedure in a batch distillation column (National Iranian Steel Cooperation) with 35 bubble-cap trays, mixed-xylenes were produced in a desired purity of 95% with a recovery of 92.5% from a feedstock containing 40% xylenes.
Batch distillation
Shortcut
multicomponent
Xylenes
2002
12
01
118
125
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_9622_65066008bc07dc40ac729ea34b03cd9e.pdf
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng.
1021-9986
1021-9986
2002
21
2
Decolorization of Molasses Waste Water from an Alcoholic Fermentation Process with Phanerochaete Chrysosporium Involvement of Ligninase
Farzaneh
Vahabzadeh
Azadeh
Mogharei
Mehrnaz
Mehranian
Waste water from a molasses alcoholic fermentation plant (MWW) was treated biologically with Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The ability of this white-rot fungus to degrade the dark colored pigments present in MWW and the consequent decrease the effluent's color was examined. The Optimum concentration of MWW for color removal was determined and set at the ratio of 1:10. The color changes during incubation of the diluted MWW at 37úC, show a smooth decreasing trend, without any fluctuation, the highest degree of the decolorization (77%) was obtained in less than five days' of incubation (98 hours) at 37úC. Observation show that the fungus grows in a proper an uniform manner and an integrated cellular mass is formed at the end of the time. The degradative ability of the fungus on the colored substance seems to follow the pattern of the proper growth of the cellular mass. The only ingredient added to the MWW was the basal salt solution (With some modification) which is required for P. chrysosporium growth. Additional carbon source in the form of glucose or sucrose was not required. No pH adjustment was necessary. Based on the results obtained from several studies conducted by others, the main bioagent in the ligninolytic behavior of P. chrysosporium is the enzymes which the expression of the activity lead to hydrogen peroxide production with the simultaneous accumulation of veratryl alcohol in the culture medium. In this study addition of veratryl and hydrogen peroxide to the decolorization medium showed to have no inducible effect. Moreover, the ligninase activity was detected in the MWW culture medium at is highest level of decolorization (77%) was found to be 224 UL-1.
Molasses waste water
Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Ligninase
Decolorization
2002
12
01
126
134
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_9623_4d9fdf558baf71e5242c174e07c1af9a.pdf
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng.
1021-9986
1021-9986
2002
21
2
Influence of Formulation Parameters on the Release of Diclofenace Sodium from Matrices with Manufacturing Formulation Ingredients
Mohammad Jafar
Abdekhodaie
Ali Asghar
Hemmati
Effects of formulation parameters on the fractional release profile of diclofenac sodium from matrices having the manufacturing formulation ingredients are studied. As a content of cetyl alcohol (rate controlling agent) in the matrix increases, the fractional release decreases. The fractional release increases either by increasing sucrose content outside the granule or by decreasing sucrose content inside the granule. Results presented here indicate that as PVP content outside the granule or aerosol fraction inside or outside the granule in the matrix increases, the fractional release increases. The fractional release profiles of diclofenac sodium from matrices, when each ingredient is inside or outside, or half inside - half outside the granule, are compared.
Diclofenac sodium
Cetyl alcohol
Fractional release profile
Manufacturing formulation
2002
12
01
135
140
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_9624_9af77547de331ae36977510c92acc61d.pdf