Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
37
5
2018
10
01
Surface Modification of Glassy Carbon Electrode by Ni-Cu Nanoparticles as a Competitive Electrode for Ethanol Electro-Oxidation
1
8
EN
Abolfath
Eshghi
Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yasouj University, Yasouj, I.R. IRAN
fuelcell995@gmail.com
Mehdi
Kheirmand
Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yasouj University, Yasouj, I.R. IRAN
mekheirmand@chmail.ir
10.30492/ijcce.2018.28573
<em>In the present study, Nickel-Copper nanoparticles were electrodeposited on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by using electroplating deposition method. The prepared electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental mapping analysis. Results showed that Ni-Cu nanoparticles with a high density are distributed at the surface of the glassy carbon electrode. Subsequently, this electrode was applied for ethanol electro-oxidation using cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The results of voltammograms showed high catalytic activity, increased the oxidation peak current density at the low potential for ethanol electrooxidation on Ni-Cu/GCE. Study of the electro-oxidation mechanism by the effect of scan rate for ethanol on Ni-Cu /GCE indicated that the oxidation process is controlled by diffusion processes. Chronoamperometric measurements illustrate that Ni-Cu/GCE exhibits a steady state activity for ethanol electro-oxidation. EIS measurements showed that the diameter of semi-circle for Ni-Cu/GCE is greatly smaller than the bare GCE. The modified electrode is a good candidate as an anode for application in direct ethanol alkaline fuel cells.</em>
electroplating,Nickel,copper,Nanoparticle,Direct ethanol alkaline fuel cell
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_28573.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_28573_970d54c5464314a67f56a8f6a418b666.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
37
5
2018
10
01
Separation and Recovery of Platinum and Palladium from Spent Petrochemical Catalysts Using Activated Carbon, Analysis of Two Kind of Most Used Catalysts in Petro Chemistry
9
18
EN
M.
Asadzadeh
Institute of Water & Energy, Sharif University of Technology, P.O.Box 11155-8639 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
Seyed Ali Akbar
Sajadi
Institute of Water & Energy, Sharif University of Technology, P.O.Box 11155-8639 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
sajadi@sharif.edu
10.30492/ijcce.2018.28575
<em>The goal of this work is the separation and recovery of platinum and palladium from spent catalyst. The recovery consisted of separating the maximum amount of platinum and palladium from catalysts and changing them into usable forms. The petroleum and petrochemical units use Pt and Pd catalyst for reactions such as reforming and hydrogenation. Because these materials contain valuable metals, such as Pt and Pd, these metals should be recycled. Based on economic reasons and the high price of new catalysts, petrochemical companies should solve this problem. The new method in this work may help to recover these metals from spent catalyst. This method may help solve several environmental problems. In this work, the recovery of platinum and palladium from petroleum catalysts has been studied using spent catalysts. Two catalysts were characterized by XRF, XRD, and AAS. Aqua regia, used as a leaching agent, and the effect of dissolution temperature and time, Liquid/Solid (L/S) ratio, size of particles, and elimination of coke were also investigated. Under optimized conditions, the leaching process was done with 98% efficiency. Recovery of platinum and palladium from the leached solutions was done by the adsorption process with Activated Carbon (AC) in an environmentally friendly manner. According to the results, the optimum operating conditions for platinum and palladium removal by activated carbon were a temperature of a solution of 85 and 98℃, pH = 0.5 and 2, time of adsorption 180 and 150 min and adsorbent loading capacity = 18.75 mg<sub>Pt</sub>/g<sub>AC</sub> and 12.5 mg<sub>Pd</sub>/g<sub>AC, </sub>respectively. The activated carbon containing platinum and palladium was decomposed by ignition to produce platinum and palladium powder with commercial purity of 96.5% and 96.3% respectively.</em>
Platinum,Palladium,catalyst,Recovery,Separation,environment,pollution
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_28575.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_28575_27f9b51bb8f92c6757e0dd481097617d.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
37
5
2018
10
01
Catalytic Performance and Kinetic Study in the Total Oxidation of VOC over Micro/Meso Porous Catalysts
19
29
EN
Nastaran
Parsafard
Department of Applied Chemistry, Kosar University of Bojnord, North Khorasan, I.R. IRAN
n-parsafard@kub.ac.ir
Mohammad Hasan
Peyrovi
Department of Petroleum Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
m-peyrovi@sbu.ac.ir
Mehrdad
Valipour Shokoohi
Department of Petroleum Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
ndastmoozeh@yahoo.com
10.30492/ijcce.2018.29057
<em><span>The total oxidation of toluene at a wide temperature range (200–500 <sup>o</sup>C) over micro/mesoporous platinated catalysts has been investigated about activity, selectivity to CO<sub>2</sub> </span><span>and CO, catalyst's stability versus coke deposition and reaction kinetics. Kinetic of toluene oxidation</span><span> was measured under various oxygen and toluene pressures and also the effect of the reaction conditions on the catalytic performance was studied. For more study, two kinetic models have also been selected and tested to describe the kinetics for this reaction. The results show that the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model provides a good fit for the experimental data. The obtained results showed that Pt/HZSM-5(30)-HMS have a better ability than other catalysts for the oxidation reaction of toluene, such as maximum toluene conversion (>97%), high selectivity to CO<sub>2 </sub>(100%), good catalytic stability against coke deposition and appropriate kinetic parameters</span></em>
Toluene oxidation,Kinetics,Conversion,Selectivity,stability,Langmuir-Hinshelwood model
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_29057.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_29057_ae67da32685a39a97085aa6c7ec221f5.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
37
5
2018
10
01
Green and Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Amino-3-phenylsulphonyl-4H-chromenes under Solvent-Free Conditions
31
38
EN
Xiaomeng
Yu
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities,
Wuhan 430074, P.R. CHINA
1471801767@qq.com
Xiaoyun
Hu
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities,
Wuhan 430074, P.R. CHINA
747792241@qq.com
Zhongqiang
Zhou
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities,
Wuhan 430074, P.R. CHINA
zhou-zq@hotmail.com
10.30492/ijcce.2018.35383
<em>A green and convenient method for the synthesis of 2-amino-3-phenylsulphonyl-4H-chromenes by a one-pot three-component condensation of 1-naphthol, phenylsulphonylacetonitrile and aromatic aldehydes under solvent-free conditions using potassium phosphate tribasic trihydrate as an efficient catalyst is described. The reaction of 1-naphthol with phenylsulphonylacetonitrile and various aromatic aldehydes was carried out under solvent-free conditions at 100 °C using <br /> 10 mol% of potassium phosphate tribasic trihydrate as a catalyst. The results show that aromatic aldehydes containing electron-donating groups or electron-withdrawing groups could react smoothly to give the corresponding products in good to excellent yields. It was also found that potassium phosphate tribasic trihydrate can be recycled at least four times without loss of activity. High yields, short reaction times, ease of handling, cheap and reusable catalyst, mild and environmentally begin reaction conditions are the advantages of this procedure.</em>
2-amino-3-phenylsulphonyl-4H-chromene,potassium phosphate tribasic trihydrate,Solvent-free,multicomponent reactions
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_35383.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_35383_ff550abbff9d1ac334225588e06ae474.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
37
5
2018
10
01
Bis-DCM Type Dyes: Convenient Method for Synthesis of 2-(2, 6-bis(4-(dialkylamino)styryl)-4H -pyran-4-ylidene) Malononitrile Derivatives
39
45
EN
Reza
Teimuri-Mofrad
Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, I.R. IRAN
teymouri@tabrizu.ac.ir
Negar
Boroomand
Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, I.R. IRAN
shrt6747@gmail.com
Keshvar
Rahimpour
Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, I.R. IRAN
k.rahimpour@tabrizu.ac.ir
Raha
Hadi
Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, I.R. IRAN
raha.ha.90@gmail.com
Ahmad
Poursadegh
Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, I.R. IRAN
a.poursadegh.q@gmail.com
10.30492/ijcce.2018.29775
<em>An efficient and convenient method for synthesis of 2,6-bis (4-(dialkylamino) styryl)-4H-pyran-4-one starting from 4- (dialkylamino) benzaldehyde with 2,6-dimethyl-4H-pyran-4-onein the presence of MeONa as the base was described. Additionally, preparation of novel compounds with bis<strong>-</strong>DCM-type skeleton for application in organic light-emitting diodes was developed via reaction of malononitrile as active methylene group with 2,6-bis (4-(dialkylamino) styryl) -4H-pyran-4-one derivatives. <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy supported the predicted structure of the products. The UV-Vis absorption spectra of synthesis compound were measured in diluted dichloromethane solution.</em> <em>Maximum absorption (lmax) values differ from 460 to 496 nm, this absorption is due to π-π* transition.</em>
Knoevenagel condensation,bis-DCM,Malononitrile,2,6-bis(4-(dialkylamino) styryl)-4H-pyran-4-one
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_29775.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_29775_1c7b99c9621d82ab0fba0dae4720753d.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
37
5
2018
10
01
Spectroscopic Study of Charge Transfer Complexes of Dibenzo-24-crown-8 (DB24C8) with Iodine in Three Chlorinated Solvents
47
54
EN
Nina
Alizadeh
Department of Chemistry, University of Guilan, Rasht, I.R. IRAN
n-alizadeh@guilan.ac.ir
Zahra
Amani Lavani
Department of Chemistry, University of Guilan, Rasht, I.R. IRAN
nializadeh@yahoo.com
10.30492/ijcce.2018.29054
<em><span lang="EN-GB">Charge Transfer (CT) complexes formed between dibenzo-24-crown-8 (DB24C8) as an electron donor with the σ-electron acceptor iodine (I<sub>2</sub>) in </span><span>chloroform, dichloromethane, and 1,2-dichloroethane solutions </span><span lang="EN-GB">have been studied by different spectroscopic techniques at room temperature. The spectral studies of the complexes were determined by UV-Visible, Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR)</span><span lang="FI"> Studies on the system showed the time dependence of the absorption band of the complexes.</span><span lang="EN-GB"> The observed time dependence of the </span><span lang="FI">charge-transfer band and subsequent formation of I<sub>3</sub>¯ in solution were related to the slow transformation of the initially formed outer complex to an inner Electron Donor-Acceptor (EDA) complex, followed by fast reaction of the inner complex with iodine to form three iodide ion.</span><span lang="EN-GB"> Formation constants of the resulting complexes were determined by measuring the absorbance at </span><span lang="EN-GB">l</span><sub><span lang="EN-GB">max</span></sub><span lang="EN-GB"> for a series of solutions with varying excess amounts donor and constant iodine concentration in solvent systems used. The reaction stoichiometry was found to be 1:1 (donor : acceptor) molar ratio for both complexation system by using photometric titration measurements. The formation constant (K<sub>CT</sub>), molar extinction coefficient (</span><span lang="EN-GB">e</span><sub><span lang="EN-GB">CT</span></sub><span lang="EN-GB">), free energy change (</span><span lang="EN-GB">D</span><span lang="EN-GB">G<sup>0</sup>), CT-energy (E<sub>CT</sub>), were calculated by using the Benesi-Hildebrand method. </span><span lang="EN-GB">Stability of the resulting complex in three solvents was also found to vary in the order of 1,2 -DCE >DCM> CHCl<sub>3</sub>.</span></em>
Charge-transfer complex,Crown ether,Iodine,spectroscopy
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_29054.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_29054_7778ef02cb08537d56fc3ea9480dc5cb.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
37
5
2018
10
01
The Crystallographic, Spectroscopic and Theoretical Studies on (E)-2-[((4-fluorophenyl)imino)methyl]-4-nitrophenol and (E)-2-[((3-fluorophenyl)imino)methyl]-4-nitrophenol Compounds
55
65
EN
Güneş
Demirtaş
0000-0001-9953-4026
Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, TURKEY
gunesd@omu.edu.tr
Necmi
Dege
0000-0003-0660-4721
Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, TURKEY
necmid@omu.edu.tr
Erbil
Ağar
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, TURKEY
erbagar@omu.edu.tr
Songül
Şahin
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, TURKEY
songul.sahin.usak@hotmail.com
10.30492/ijcce.2018.35424
<em>In this study, two new salicylideneaniline derivative compounds which are an isomer of each other have been synthesized and characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) technique, IR spectroscopy, and theoretical method. While (E)-4-(dihydroxyamino)-2-(((4-fluorophenyl)imino) methyl)phenol (<strong>1</strong>), crystalizes triclinic P-1 space group, (E)-4-(dihydroxyamino)-2-(((3-fluorophenyl)imino)methyl)phenol (<strong>2</strong>) crystalizes monoclinic P2<sub>1</sub>/c space group. Both of the molecules which adopt (E) configuration with respect to the central C=N bond have strong intermolecular O―H∙∙∙N hydrogen bonds. These O―H∙∙∙N hydrogen bonds create S(6) motifs according to graph set notation. The optimized geometries of the molecules have been calculated by using Density Functional Theory (DFT) with the 6-31G(d,p) basis set. Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) map and Frontier Molecular Orbitals have been made for the optimized geometries. In addition to these studies, the theoretical IR spectra of the compounds, the experimental IR spectra of which have been recorded at 4000-400 cm<sup>-1</sup> interval, have also been calculated with same level theory. The experimental and theoretical results were compared to each other.</em>
Salicylideneaniline,Isomer,Tautomerism,DFT,IR
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_35424.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_35424_c3303d085f5267092ebbf279f2c2a710.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
37
5
2018
10
01
Kinetics Influence of Operation Conditions on Crystal Growth of Calcium Nitrate Tetrahydrate in a Circulating Fluidized Bed
67
73
EN
Liu
Dechun
0000-0002-0914-716X
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P.R. CHINA
944085336@qq.com
Zhu
Jiahua
School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610021, Sichuan, P.R. CHINA
jhzhu@scu.edu.cn
10.30492/ijcce.2018.32439
<em>In order to improve the traditional freezing crystallization process of calcium nitrate in nitric phosphate process, crystal growth experiments by adding Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·4H<sub>2</sub>O seeds in supersaturated calcium nitrate solution in a Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) crystallizer were carried out on crystal growth kinetics. </em><em>The results showed that the growth of Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·4H<sub>2</sub>O crystals is a complicated mass transfer process. The mean mass crystal growth rate (R</em><sub>G</sub><em>) of </em><em>Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·4H<sub>2</sub>O</em><em> increased linearly with the fluid circulated </em><em>velocity</em><em> at fixed relative supersaturation and enlarged with relative supersaturation increasing. The crystallization kinetics follows the first order equation. The overall activation energy and the order of the overall growth kinetics of Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·4H<sub>2</sub>O crystals were calculated by the isothermal method. The R<sub>G</sub> of Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·4H<sub>2</sub>O crystals remains basically stationary within the entire crystallization time in the CFB crystallizer. The results have a deep significance to exploit a new CFB crystallization process for the production of Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·4H<sub>2</sub>O crystals instead of the traditional one.</em>
Circulating fluidized bed (CFB),Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate,Mass transfer,Crystal growth rate,Crystal growth kinetics
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_32439.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_32439_996954f3860bdacf991cd45de95f3b01.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
37
5
2018
10
01
Adsorption of 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine by Hydrolysis Lignin
75
83
EN
Marina P.
Semushina
Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov Severnaya Dvina Emb. 17, Arkhangelsk, RUSSIA
m-semushina@mail.ru
Konstantin G.
Bogolitsyn
Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov Severnaya Dvina Emb. 17, Arkhangelsk, RUSSIA
kau2@list.ru
Aleksandr Y.
Kozhevnikov
Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov Severnaya Dvina Emb. 17, Arkhangelsk, RUSSIA
akozhevnikov@mail.ru
Dmitry S.
Kosyakov
Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov Severnaya Dvina Emb. 17, Arkhangelsk, RUSSIA
kosyakov@mail.ru
10.30492/ijcce.2018.30094
<em>Many modern launch vehicles use unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) as liquid fuel in the space program. UDMH is highly toxic and poses a serious threat to the environment and to humans. One of the most effective methods of UDMH neutralization in case of fuel spills is adsorption. This paper is the first to suggest using hydrolysis lignin as rocket fuel adsorbent. The research was based on the use of ion chromatography with amperometric detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods. The adsorption experiment resulted in finding the conditions that correspond to the residual UDMH concentration that does not exceed maximum permissible concentration in water. Also, it was investigated the effect of moisture content of hydrolysis lignin and ambient temperature on the dynamics of UDMH adsorption from the gaseous phase. We determined the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption process. It was demonstrated that the reaction between 1,1-dimethylhydrazine and active adsorbent centers (carbonyl and carboxyl groups) is close to the first order. The value of activation energy (85.9 kJ/mol) corresponds to that of chemisorption.</em>
Adsorption,1,1-dimethylhydrazine,Lignin,rocket fuel,UDMH
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_30094.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_30094_26fc2a017ab92675fd49e0cd5254135b.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
37
5
2018
10
01
Effect of Alkyl Chain Length on Adsorption Behavior and Corrosion Inhibition of Imidazoline Inhibitors
85
103
EN
Hojat
Jafari
Abadan Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Abadan, I.R. IRAN
hojatjafari80@yahoo.com
Farhhad
Mohsenifar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Higher Education Complex of Bam, Bam, I.R. IRAN
pci_factor465@yahoo.com
Koray
Sayin
Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, TURKEY
ksayin@gmail.com
10.30492/ijcce.2018.29779
<em><em>Inhibition performances of imidazoline derivatives with different alkyl chain length for carbon steel in H<sub>2</sub>S acid solutions has been studied by polarization curves, AC impedance measurements, current transient, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) techniques. Results showed that the inhibition occurs through adsorption of the inhibitors molecules on the metal surface. The inhibition efficiency was found to increase with increasing inhibitor’s concentration. Polarization data indicated that these compounds act as mixed-type inhibitors. Computational studies of investigated inhibitors were performed by using Hartree–Fock (HF) and M062X methods which are ab-initio and DFT methods with 6-31G basis set in the gas phase and water. Calculated results indicate that the inferred inhibition efficiency increases with the increasing alkyl chain length, which is well in accordance with reported experimental results.</em></em>
metals,organic compounds,ab initio calculations,Corrosion,computer modelling and simulation
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_29779.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_29779_2106d7e1e30919d4547010b9ffa6a765.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
37
5
2018
10
01
Leaching of Lead and Zinc from a Low-Grade Oxide Ore in Citric Acid Media
105
110
EN
Seyed Mahyar
Seyed Ghasemi
Faculty of Mining, Petroleum and Geophysics, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, I.R. IRAN
mahyarseyedghasemi@yahoo.com
Asghar
Azizi
Faculty of Mining, Petroleum and Geophysics, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, I.R. IRAN
azizi.asghar22@yahoo.com
10.30492/ijcce.2018.28214
<em>Leaching of a low-grade lead and zinc oxide ore was studied by an organic reagent, citric acid. The quadratic mathematical models were developed for the relationship among the influential parameters and lead and zinc recoveries. Leaching rate was strongly affected by </em><em>the interactive effects of factors. It was also found that the quadratic effects of stirring speed and linear</em><em> effects of temperature have the most significance on the leaching rate of zinc and lead, respectively. It was found that the center level of influential factors was a good condition for getting higher zinc leaching rate, whilst, for the leaching of lead the extreme levels of factors were good. Additionally, the proposed models were optimized using the quadratic programming method to maximize recoveries. The highest recoveries of zinc and lead were achieved to be about 94 and 78 %, respectively.</em>
Low-grade ore,Lead,Zinc,Recovery,Citric acid leaching
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_28214.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_28214_6d15288886fa6564ddf39e180746a51e.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
37
5
2018
10
01
Synthesis of Novel Magnetic Biochar Using Microwave Heating for Removal of Arsenic from Waste Water
111
115
EN
Mubarak N.
Mujawar
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
mubarak.mujawar@curtin.edu.my
J.N.
Sahu
Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Programme Area, Faculty of Engineering, Institute Technology Brunei, Tungku Gadong, P.O. Box 2909, BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
jnsahu@um.edu.my
E.C.
Abdullah
Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Semarak,
54100 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
10.30492/ijcce.2018.35426
<em>Novel magnetic biochar has been successfully synthesized by using microwave technique, using discarded materials such as Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB). The optimized conditions for the best novel magnetic biochar synthesis are at 900 w reaction power, 20 min reaction time, and impregnation ratio 0.5 (biomas:FeCl<sub>3</sub>) The details physical and chemical analyses of novel magnetic biochar were found to be in good agreement with the hypothesis. These newly produced magnetic biochars have a high surface area 890 m<sup>2</sup>/g and that leads to highly efficient in the removal of arsenic (87%) from aqueous solution. As for new invention, magnetic biochar can be directly produced using microwaves heating by a single stage of activation compared <br /> to the conventional method.</em>
Heavy metal,CNTs,Adsorption,separation and purification
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_35426.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_35426_b73b63babf21be19f0c5986d5e31278d.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
37
5
2018
10
01
A New Method for Electroplating of Crack-Free Chromium Coatings
117
127
EN
Khashayar
Morshed Behbahani
0000-0002-1577-6552
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I.R. IRAN
kmorshed@shirazu.ac.ir
Pooria
Najafisayar
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I.R. IRAN
pnajafi@shirazu.ac.ir
Mahmoud
Pakshir
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I.R. IRAN
pakshir.m@gmail.com
10.30492/ijcce.2018.28215
<em>In this study, different amounts of MoS<sub>2 </sub>particles and an anionic surfactant were added to the conventional chromium electroplating bath in order to electrodeposite crack-free chromium coatings and the structure, morphology, tribology and corrosion behavior of the deposited coatings were investigated using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, pin on disk wear test method, dynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques, respectively. The results showed that the incorporation of MoS<sub>2</sub> particle into the electrodeposited Cr coatings is impossible and no chromium coating can be electroplated from baths containing more than 5 g/L MoS<sub>2</sub> particles. In addition, as the MoS<sub>2</sub> concentration in the bath increases up to 1 g/L the corrosion and wear resistance of the deposited coatings increases. Moreover, those coatings that were electroplated from the baths <em>containing more than 1 g/L exhibited less performance regarding their corrosion and wear behavior.</em></em>
electroplating,Crack-free Chromium coating,MoS2 particles,Corrosion,Wear
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_28215.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_28215_e29f4e78ce8297e6faee96a9f5d16093.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
37
5
2018
10
01
Study on Electrochemical Oxidation of m-Nitrophenol on Various Electrodes Using Cyclic Voltammetry
129
140
EN
Xiaoyue
Duan
Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, The Education Department of Jilin Province, Siping 136000, P.R. CHINA
duanxiaoyue0511@163.com
Feng
Xu
Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, The Education Department of Jilin Province, Siping 136000, P.R. CHINA
tc_xufengx@petrochina.com.cn
Yinan
Wang
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, P.R. CHINA
Limin
Chang
Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, P.R. CHINA
lijiarun1124@163.com
10.30492/ijcce.2018.29525
<em>The electrochemical oxidation behavior of m-nitrophenol (m-NP) was studied comparatively on glassy carbon electrode, Pt electrode, PbO<sub>2</sub> electrode, SnO<sub>2</sub> electrode, and graphite electrode using cyclic voltammetry. The cyclic voltammetry measurements were performed in acidic (1 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, pH 0.4), neutral (1 M Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, pH 6.8), and alkaline (1 M NaOH, pH 12.0) media to investigate the effect of pH value on the oxidation of m-NP. The fouling of electrodes was also studied during cyclic voltammetry measurements. The results indicate that both of the electrode material and the pH value of supporting electrolyte had a significant influence on the oxidation of m-NP. In acidic medium, m-NP was irreversibly oxidized on glassy carbon electrode, Pt electrode, SnO<sub>2</sub> electrode, and graphite electrode at 1.23, 1.26, 1.26 and 1.27 V, respectively, while there was no any oxidation peak for PbO<sub>2</sub> electrode. In a neutral medium, m-NP yielded well-defined oxidation peaks on all electrodes, although the height and potential of the peaks depended on the material of electrodes. In the alkaline medium, the m-NP could be directly oxidized only on glassy carbon electrode and graphite electrode, but their peaks were not well defined because the oxidation of m-NP occurs closer to oxygen evolution potential region. In addition, the oxidation peaks appeared at the lower potential value in the alkaline medium than in neutral and acidic media. Under all conditions, except in the alkaline solution and on glassy carbon electrode, the passivation of electrodes occurred during continual scans.</em>
Electrochemical oxidation,Cyclic voltammetry,m-nitrophenol,Electrode material,pH value
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_29525.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_29525_133c26df2e34135d05a26014b44aa2b9.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
37
5
2018
10
01
Soybean Oil Degumming by Immobilized Phospholipase A1
141
149
EN
Redha
Kernani
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Abderrahmane Mira University - Bejaia, Targa Ouzemmour Road, 06000 Bejaia, ALGERIA
redhakernani.83@gmail.com
Abdelhamid
Boukerroui
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Abderrahmane Mira University - Bejaia, Targa Ouzemmour Road, 06000 Bejaia, ALGERIA
hamid-602001@yahoo.fr
10.30492/ijcce.2018.29400
<em>In the present study, we investigated the ability of an immobilized phospholipase A<sub>1 </sub>(PLA<sub>1</sub>) in degumming of soybean oil. The enzyme was immobilized by simple adsorption on bentonite without any further modification. The free and immobilized PLA<sub>1</sub> were characterized by Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The immobilization of PLA<sub>1</sub> lowered the Energy of Activation (EA) from 155.64 to 27.13 kJ/mol, resulting in higher catalytic efficiency of PLA<sub>1</sub>. Thermal stability of the immobilized enzyme was found to be higher compared to free PLA<sub>1</sub>. Moreover, under the condition of pH 5.5 and T = 50 °C, the phosphorus content was reduced to less than 10 ppm after 4-5 h for free PLA<sub>1 </sub>and after 7 h for immobilized PLA<sub>1</sub>.</em>
Enzymatic degumming,Immobilization,Bentonite,Phospholipase,Soybean oil
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_29400.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_29400_78a1f72ca893368a251df0a89742a633.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
37
5
2018
10
01
Fatty Acid Composition and Tocopherol Contents of some Sesame Seed Oils
151
155
EN
Bertrand
Matthäus
Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) Bundesforschungsinstitut für Ernährung und Lebensmittel Institut für Sicherheit und Qualität bei GetreideSchützenberg 12 D-32756 Detmold, GERMANY
bertrand.matthaeus@mri.bund.de
Mehmet Musa
Özcan
0000-0002-5024-9512
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Selçuk, 42031 Konya, TURKEY
mozcan@selcuk.edu.tr
10.30492/ijcce.2018.35427
<em>In this study, the oil contents, fatty acid composition and tocopherol contents of sesame seed and oils belong to different countries were determined. The oil contents of materials changed between 49.22% (India) and 56.16% (Nigeria-Kanu). The major saturated fatty acids in sesame seed oils were palmitic (6.06-9.03%), stearic (5.29-6.42%) acids with small 20:0 (0.19-0.71%) acids. The main unsaturated fatty acids of sesame oil samples were linoleic (38.11-47.11%) and oleic (36.83-44.49%) acids. There was a significant difference in the amounts of the major fatty acids in the oil samples (P<0.05). The oils extracted from the Sesamum seeds were composed of 18.51-49.63 mg /100g γ-tocopherol, 0.134 mg/100g α-tocotrienol (India) and 0.415 mg/100g γ-tocotrienol (India). Total contents of tocopherol of samples ranged from 18.508 mg/100 g (Nigeria (Benue)) to 49.630 (Turkey (Mersin)).</em>
Sesame seed,oil,Fatty acid,tocopherol,-tocopherol,GC,HPLC
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_35427.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_35427_aaf5f48d6da99194f471bf6889ee2073.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
37
5
2018
10
01
Ohmic Heating of Aloe vera Gel: Electrical Conductivity and Energy Efficiency
157
165
EN
Hamed
Saberian
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
saberian@acecr.ac.ir
Zohreh
Hamidi Esfahani
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
hamidy_z@modares.ac.ir
Ahmad
Banakar
Department of Mechanic Biosystem, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
hamed.saberian@modares.ac.ir
10.30492/ijcce.2018.31173
<em>Ohmic heating is defined as a process which alternating electric current is passed through food with the primary purpose of heating it due to the electrical resistance and </em><em>can be specially applied as an alternative heating method. In this research, Aloe vera gel concentrates</em><em> having 0.5-2% soluble solids were ohmically heated up to 60°C by using four different voltage gradients (30–60 V/cm). The dependence of electrical conductivity on temperature, voltage gradient, and concentration were obtained. Results indicated that there was a linear relationship between </em><em>temperature</em><em> and electrical conductivity. The range of the electrical conductivity was 0.45 to1.20 S/m,</em><em> which was dependent on the concentration and voltage gradient, although the effect of concentration was very higher than voltage gradient. </em><em>The ohmic heating System Performance Coefficients (SPCs) were calculated by using the energies given to the system and taken by </em><em>the Aloe vera gel samples and were in the range of 0.67- 0.89 and the highest SPC (0.89) was observed</em><em> at 0.5 % and 30 V/cm.</em>
Ohmic heating,Aloe vera gel,Concentration,Voltage gradient,Electrical conductivity,Energy Efficiency
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_31173.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_31173_1045972f74485eb3901bf47693b4d110.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
37
5
2018
10
01
Analysis of Pseudo-Turbulence Flow Induced by Bubble Periodic Formation in Non-Newtonian Fluids
167
175
EN
Wenyuan
Fan
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, No391 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, P.R. CHINA
wyfan@tjut.edu.cn
Xiao Hong
Yin
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, No391 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, P.R. CHINA
yinxiaohong@hotmail.com
10.30492/ijcce.2018.32289
<em>Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) has been employed to determine pseudo-turbulence characteristics of the flow field around bubble train forming in non-Newtonian caboxymethylcellulose (CMC) aqueous solution at low gas flow rate condition. The Reynolds stress and turbulent intensity of the liquid were investigated by means of Reynolds time-averaged method. The experimental results show that axial Reynolds stress rises greatly and then fluctuates slightly with the vertical height, whereas displays symmetrical Gaussian distribution in the horizontal direction; Radial Reynolds stress changes nonobviously in the vertical direction, but increases followed by a decrease in the horizontal direction. The axial turbulent intensity begins to wave to some degree with the height for near vertical axis passing through orifice center, but maintains constant within bubble channel in the horizontal direction; Radial turbulent intensity gets down with the vertical height, compared with the opposite trend of its variation with the horizontal distance.</em>
Non-Newtonian fluid,Bubble train,Laser Doppler velocimetry,Pseudo-turbulence
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_32289.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_32289_7a14a3faf2f92a3085cc0b3978a0f936.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
37
5
2018
10
01
Rheological Behavior of Water-Ethylene Glycol Based Graphene Oxide Nanofluids
177
187
EN
Mir-Shahabeddin
Izadkhah
Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, P.O. Box 5166616471 Tabriz, I.R. IRAN
shahabizadkhah@gmail.com
Hamid
Erfan-Niya
Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, P.O. Box 5166616471 Tabriz, I.R. IRAN
herfan@tabrizu.ac.ir
Hamed
Moradkhani
Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, P.O. Box 5166616471 Tabriz, I.R. IRAN
hamed.moradkhani@yahoo.com
10.30492/ijcce.2018.31175
<em><span>Traditionally water-ethylene glycol mixture based nanofluids are used in cold regions as a coolant in the car radiators. In the present study, the rheological properties of water-ethylene glycol based graphene oxide nanofluid are studied using Non-Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics (NEMD) method at different temperatures, volume concentrations, and shear rates. NEMD simulations are performed with considering 75/25, 60/40, and 40/60 ratios of water/ethylene glycol as the base fluids at volume concentrations of 3%, 4%, and 5% graphene oxide nanosheets. The results, which demonstrated good agreement with experimental data, show that the viscosity and density of base fluids significantly decrease with temperature and increases with ethylene glycol volume fraction. Also, the viscosity and density of nanofluids depends directly on the volume </span><span>concentrations of nanoparticles and decreases with increasing temperature. For example, at 289.85 K,</span><span> the viscosity of water (75%)-ethylene glycol (25%) based nanofluids containing 3%, 4% and 5% volume concentrations of nanoparticles increased by 33%, 43%, and 56%, respectively. Similarly, the density of the same nanofluids increased by 1%, 1.7 %, and 2.2%, respectively. Moreover, the theoretical models confirm the obtained results. According to the shear rate analysis, the water-ethylene glycol based graphene oxide nanofluid behaves as a non-Newtonian fluid.</span></em>
nanofluid,Graphene oxide,Rheological properties,Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation,Shear rate
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_31175.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_31175_6e8adefa8b23e38a61ad243457d7af3f.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
37
5
2018
10
01
Application of Genetic Algorithm Based Support Vector Machine Model in Second Virial Coefficient Prediction of Pure Compounds
189
198
EN
Mohammad
Soleimani Lashkenar
Faculty of Engineering Modern Technologies, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, 4616849767 Amol, I.R. IRAN
mohammad.soleimani@hotmail.com
Bahman
Mehdizadeh
National Iranian South Oil Company, Ahwaz, I.R. IRAN
bahmanmehdizadeh@gmail.com
Kamyar
Movagharnejad
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol University of Technology, Babol, I.R. IRAN
movagharnejad@yahoo.com
10.30492/ijcce.2018.35430
<em>In this work, a Genetic Algorithm boosted Least Square Support Vector Machine model by a set of linear equations instead of a quadratic program, which is improved version of Support Vector Machine model, was used for estimation of 98 pure compounds second virial coefficient. Compounds were classified to the different groups. Finest parameters were obtained <br />by Genetic Algorithm method for training data. The accuracy of the Genetic Algorithm boosted Least Square Support Vector Machine was compared with four empirical equations that are well-known and are claimed can predict all compounds second virial coefficients (Pitzer, Tesonopolos, Gasanov RK and Long Meng). Results showed that in all classes of compounds, the Genetic Algorithm boosted Least Square Support Vector Machine method was more accurate than these empirical correlations. The Average Relative Deviation percentage of overall data set was 2.53 for the Genetic Algorithm boosted Least Square Support Vector Machine model while the best Average Relative Deviation percentage for empirical models (Tesonopolos) was 15.38. When the molecules become more complex, the difference in accuracy becomes sharper for empirical models where the proposed Genetic Algorithm boosted Least Square Support Vector Machine model have predicted good results for classes of compounds that empirical correlations usually fail to give good estimates.</em>
Second Virial Coefficient,prediction,Support Vector Machine,genetic algorithm,Optimization
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_35430.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_35430_5bc9677dc3a4a53be50f2800c5af8fbc.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
37
5
2018
10
01
Effect of Ultrasonic Pre-Treatment and Aeration on Flotation Separation of Chalcopyrite from Pyrite
199
207
EN
Bijan
Taheri
University of Kashan, Kashan, I.R. IRAN
bijan.taheri@kashanu.ac.ir
Majid
Lotfalian
Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, I.R. IRAN
ma.lotfalian@kgut.ac.ir
10.30492/ijcce.2018.29055
<em>In this paper, the effect of ultrasonic pre-treatment and aeration on the flotation separation of </em><em>chalcopyrite from pyrite was investigated at different amounts of potassium ethyl xanthate (KEX), as a collector, and pH values. Artificially-mixed samples of chalcopyrite and pyrite were subjected to flotation studies to understand the effect of aeration with or without ultrasonic treatment on the flotation behavior of the minerals. Results of laboratory micro-flotation tests indicated that joint aeration and ultrasonic treatment makes it possible to separate chalcopyrite from pyrite effectively. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the existence of negligible amounts of hydroxide/oxide species, which are resulted from galvanic interactions, </em><em>on the surfaces of the minerals after conditioning of the suspension by ultrasound waves. The effective</em><em> separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite was attributed to desorption of metal hydroxide precipitates, as hydrophilic species, from the surface of the chalcopyrite by ultrasonic treatment.</em>
Flotation,Separation,chalcopyrite,Pyrite,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,aeration,ultrasonic pre-treatment
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_29055.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_29055_5b19bd9f361414018d611ebf0e27334b.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
37
5
2018
10
01
Energy and Exergo-Economic Assessments of Gas Turbine Based CHP Systems: A Case Study of SPGC Utility Plant
209
223
EN
Bahareh
Bidar
Center for Process Integration and Control (CPIC), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan 98164, I.R. IRAN
bahareh.bidar@gmail.com
Farhad
Shahraki
0000-0002-7649-5009
Center for Process Integration and Control (CPIC), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan 98164, I.R. IRAN
fshahraki@eng.usb.ac.ir
10.30492/ijcce.2018.30930
<em>Combined heat and power systems are becoming more and more important, regarding their enhanced efficiency, energy saving, and environmental aspects. In the peresent study, three configurations of combined heat and power systems are intended as an alternative to separate production plant by considering environmental aspects. First and second laws of thermodynamics are adapted to the operating data. The energy and exergy indicators, their distribution and exergy loss are evaluated</em><em>. The economic analysis was done by determining the Rate of Return on Investment, Payback Period and Net Present Worth. The optimal configuration of system equipment has been determined based on economic feasibility and emission saving in view of power and steam demand. The method employed here may be applied to making a decision on the adoption of the combined plant to any separate heat and power systems.</em>
Combined Heat and Power Systems,Energy and Exergy Analysis,Performance Parameter,Exergy Loss,Economic Analysis,Emission saving
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_30930.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_30930_731fb366941177de6260460ae4ca1478.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
37
5
2018
10
01
Novel Pretreatment Methods to Improve Enzymatic Saccharification of Sugarcane Bagasse: A Report
225
234
EN
Saad
Saeed
0000-0002-7590-5926
Department of Chemical Engineering, NFC Institute of Engineering & Technology, Multan, PAKISTAN
saadsaeed@nfciet.edu.pk
Mahmood
Saleem
Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, PAKISTAN
msaleem.icet@pu.edu.pk
10.30492/ijcce.2018.30939
<em>A lot of recent research in the biomass sector is focusing on how to improve the efficiency of biomass resources. Pretreatment of biomass resources is a novel approach and has gained a lot of attention in the last decade. A review of modern methods and the latest technologies of enhancing the enzymatic saccharification of sugarcane bagasse are presented in this work. This paper looks at the very recent developments in this field. Use of such advanced methods as coupling ionic liquid pretreatment with supercritical fluids and ultrasound irradiation is taking us swiftly towards the ultimate goal which is achieving 100% yield at minimum cost with no adverse environmental effects. However, Optimum process conditions for these methods are yet to be discovered. There is a need to optimize the processes and learn completely about the reaction mechanism in order to shift from lab scale to pilot scale and ultimately to the industrial level. An effort is made to report the latest work and because of it, this paper contains about 95% citations from papers within the last five years. In the end, useful recommendations are given in the conclusion section.</em>
Pretreatment methods,sugarcane bagasse,enzymatic saccharification,Ionic liquids,ultrasound irradiation,Microwave irradiation
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_30939.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_30939_0c8e542a0084d95fd57331873403b45d.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
37
5
2018
10
01
Mathematical Model of Biomass Product Using Gasification Reactor
235
246
EN
Ibrahim
Ahmmed Saadi
Chemical Engineering Department, Dhofar University, 211 Salalah, OMAN
ahmadsaadi47@yahoo.com
Asma
Ahmed Al. Balushi
Chemical Engineering Department, Dhofar University, 211 Salalah, Oman
a200900423@du.edu.om
Ibtisam
Saleh Al. Hadhrami
Chemical Engineering Department, Dhofar University, 211 Salalah, Oman
i200900303@du.edu.om
Muna
Bader Al. Rahbi
Chemical Engineering Department, Dhofar University, 211 Salalah, Oman
m200900275@du.edu.om
10.30492/ijcce.2018.33313
<em>The aim of this study is to design a new mathematical model biomass product with the help of the gasification reactor. This design will help in describing most of the internal parameters inside this process. This research also aims to study and analyze the kinetic reaction, mass and heat transfer for four zones of the gasification reactor. It has been found that the char concentration from zone one is almost 42% consumption and from zone three to four, the consumptions have found to be 72.06%. It means that the char conversion depends on oxygen consumptions in all zones to produce volatility gases, methane, and hydrogen. The mathematical model will help in optimizing best possible conditions so as to give a high quality product of methane and hydrogen to 2.2 kmol/m<sup>3</sup> and 3 Kmol/m<sup>3</sup> respectively. Thus, it appears to be important that important parameters of a chemical reaction are studied. Furthermore, all thermodynamic parameters of the reaction must be analyzed so as to optimize the best conditions through gasification reactor.</em>
Mathematical model,Catalyst surface reaction,Gasification process’ Biomass
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_33313.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_33313_e02bc0f663162c559401ce9da35a7467.pdf