Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
27
3
2008
09
01
Surface Coating of Red Blood Cells with Monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) Activated with Two Different Reagents
1
9
EN
Fatemeh
Sarvi
Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University,
P.O. Box 14115-143 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
Sameereh
Hashemi Najafabadi
Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University,
P.O. Box 14115-143 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
s.hashemi@modares.ac.ir
Ebrahim
Vasheghani Farahani
Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University,
P.O. Box 14115-143 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
Seyed Abbas
Shojaosadati
Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University,
P.O. Box 14115-143 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
shoja_sa@modares.ac.ir
10.30492/ijcce.2008.6923
<em>Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) with molecular mass of 5 kDa activated with succinimidyl carbonate and cyanuric chloride, separately was covalently attached to human red blood cells (RBCs). Inhibition of agglutination by blood-type specific antisera (anti-D) was employed to evaluate the effect of the polymer coating. The remaining single cells after incubation with anti-D sera were counted using a simple hemocytometer (Improved Neubauer Ruling). The extent of surface coating was evaluated by addition of FITC labeled-anti-D to the cells and recording the fluorescence intensity ratio of FITC-anti-D bound cells of the PEG-RBCs versus control (uncoated) RBCs. The morphology of RBCs was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of polymer coating, based on the immunological response of RBCs, using two kinds of activated mPEG, at optimum conditions of PEGylation was compared. It was found that succinimidyl carbonate at its optimum condition (pH=8.7, temperature =14</em><em>°</em><em>C and reaction time =60 min) is more effective than cyanuric chloride at its optimum condition (pH=8.7, temperature =14 </em><em>°</em><em>C and reaction time =30 min) for RBC coating with mPEG.</em>
Red blood cells,Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol),Succinimidyl carbonate,Cyanuric chloride,Anti-D sera
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6923.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6923_195a6340a2016640d1810451c86a8c01.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
27
3
2008
09
01
Design of Instrumentation Sensor Networks for Non-Linear Dynamic Processes Using Extended Kalman Filter
11
23
EN
Karim
Salahshoor
Department of Automation and Instrumentation, Petroleum University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
salahshoor@put.ac.ir
Mohammad Reza
Bayat
Instituto de sistemas e Robótica (ISR), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Technical University of Lisbon (UTL), Lisbon, PORTUGAL
Mohsen
Mosallaei
Department of Automation and Instrumentation, Petroleum University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
10.30492/ijcce.2008.6924
<em>This paper presents a methodology for design of instrumentation sensor networks in non-linear chemical plants. The method utilizes a robust extended Kalman filter approach to provide an efficient dynamic data reconciliation. A weighted objective function has been introduced to enable the designer to incorporate each individual process variable with its own operational importance. To enhance the evaluation accuracy of the weighted objective function, a true relative standard deviation measure has been employed in the presented formulation. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been used to solve the resulting constrained optimization problem due to cost-optimal and performance-optimal design objectives. The proposed method has been tested on a non-linear continuous-stirred tank reactor (CSTR) benchmark plant, illustrating its effective design capabilities.</em>
Instrumentation sensor network,Non-linear dynamic processes,Extended Kalman Filter,genetic algorithm
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6924.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6924_3c0c0b6906794da22a290cca6ff8c98d.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
27
3
2008
09
01
Adaptive Input-Output Linearization Control of pH Processes
25
35
EN
Ali
Nejati
Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, I.R. IRAN
Mohammad
Shahrokhi
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9465 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
shahrokhi@sharif.edu
Arjomand
Mehrabani
Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, I.R. IRAN
10.30492/ijcce.2008.6964
<em>pH control is a challenging problem due to its highly nonlinear nature. In this paper the performances of two different adaptive global linearizing controllers (GLC) are compared. Least squares technique has been used for identifying the titration curve. The first controller is a standard GLC based on material balances of each species. For implementation of this controller a nonlinear state estimator is used. Some modifications are proposed to avoid the singularity of the observer gain. The second controller is designed based on the reduced state equation. Through computer simulations, it has been shown that the performances of the second GLC is superior and it is more robust to process model mismatch. It should be also noted that the design of reduced state-based GLC is much easier and dose not need observer for implementation.</em>
pH control,Exact linearization,Nonlinear state estimator,Least-squares identification
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6964.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6964_b003a7e5a99e6dda14090919b79791b9.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
27
3
2008
09
01
A Novel Method for Preparation of Alumina-Supported Rhenium-Cesium Catalyst, Re-Cs/-Al2O3
37
43
EN
Hassan
Hadadzadeh
Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, I.R. IRAN
hadad@cc.iut.ac.ir
Ali Reza
Rezvani
Department of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, P.O. Box 98135-674 Zahedan, I.R. IRAN
Ali Reza
Salehi Rad
Department of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, P.O. Box 98135-674 Zahedan, I.R. IRAN
Elahe
Khozeymeh
Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 15418, I.R. IRAN
10.30492/ijcce.2008.6965
<em>Alumina-supported Cs<sub>3</sub>[Re(C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>] precursor has been synthesized for preparation of Re-Cs/</em><em>g</em><em>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalyst. Cs<sub>3</sub>[Re(C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>] has been prepared from the reaction of ReCl<sub>3 </sub>with<sub> </sub>H<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>.2H<sub>2</sub>O and CsCl in water. The complex has been characterized by elemental analysis and various spectroscopy techniques such as FT-IR, UV-Vis and <sup>13</sup>C-NMR. The complex was supported on γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> by column chromatography. Cs<sub>3</sub>[Re(C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>]/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3 </sub>was calcined at </em><em>600 °C</em><em> for 6 h. Characterization of both precursor and calcined catalyst were carried out using XRD, BET specific surface area and thermal analysis methods (TGA/DSC).</em>
Alumina,Bet,Rhenium catalyst,XRD,Precursor,Thermal Analysis
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6965.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6965_461fbc2c118671c03610502ce639d2ab.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
27
3
2008
09
01
Study and Kinetic Modeling of Direct Sulfation of Iranian Limestones by Sulfur Dioxide at High CO2 Partial Pressure
45
50
EN
Sima
Askari
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology,
P.O. Box 1587- 4413 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
Rouein
Halladj
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology,
P.O. Box 1587- 4413 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
halladj@aut.ac.ir
Manouchehr
Nikazar
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology,
P.O. Box 1587- 4413 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
nikazar@aut.ac.ir
10.30492/ijcce.2008.6966
<em>The direct sulfation of three high purity Iranian limestones and one precipitated calcium carbonate from different sources, containing more than 97 % CaCO<sub>3</sub>, were studied in a specially designed fixed bed reactor under atmospheric pressure, in the presence of excess CO<sub>2</sub> to prevent decomposition of CaCO<sub>3</sub>. Experiments were carried out over a range of particle sizes from 1.6-2.5 </em><em> </em><em>m</em><em>m at four temperatures (750, 800, 850, 900 °C), and SO<sub>2</sub> concentration of 2400 ppm. The particle size and temperature showed a dominant influence on the variation of conversion with time. The results of experiments show that the Shrinking Unreacted Core Model can beused to predict the behavior of sulfation of limestone. This simple model reveals that the reaction rate is the controlling step. The parameter of model, chemical rate constant (K<sub>s</sub>), was obtained as: </em><em>K<sub>s</sub> = 0.1 exp (-6.2/RT) cm/s. </em><em>Model predictions are in good agreement with expeimental data.</em>
Direct sulfation,Desulfurization,Limestone,Shrinking Core Model,Gas solid reaction
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6966.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6966_26c2d05d9aee7e41138ac7cd083c826a.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
27
3
2008
09
01
Applying a Modified Two-Fluid Model to Numerical Simulation of Two-Phase Flow in the Membrane Chlor-Alkali Cells
51
61
EN
Farshad
Abbasi
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
farshadmit@yahoo.com
Hasan
Rahimzadeh
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
10.30492/ijcce.2008.6967
<em>In this study, gas evolution in a vertical electrochemical cell is investigated numerically with a modified two-fluid model. The mathematical model involves solution of separate transport equation for the gas and liquid phases with an allowance to inter-phase transfer of mass and momentum. </em><em>The governing equations are discreted via the finite volume technique and then are solved by the SIMPLE algorithm in both the natural and forced convection states.</em><em>In order to increase the accuracy of calculations, the power-law scheme is employed to approximate the convection-diffusion terms. Void fraction distribution of chlorine gas and velocity of both the gas and liquid phases are calculated. Also </em><em>the effect of current density,</em><em> electrolyte flow rate and space between the electrodes</em><em> on the gas release are investigated. </em><em>To verify this model, numerical simulations of a bubble-driven flow caused by the bottom injection of gas into a liquid bath is conducted. Comparisons between the predictions and the literature numerical datas illustrate that the predicted results satisfactorily agree with data available in the literature for both the liquid and gas phases.</em>
Membrane cells,Two-phase flow,Two-fluid model,Chlor-alkali,numerical simulation
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6967.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6967_b77f45ff2c190b979f0baf0c35228f3e.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
27
3
2008
09
01
An Insight into Colloidal Gas Aphron Drainage Using Electrical Conductivity Measurement
63
68
EN
Maryam
Moshkelani
Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156, I.R. IRAN
farshadmit@yahoo.com
Mohammad
Chalkesh Amiri
Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156, I.R. IRAN
10.30492/ijcce.2008.6968
<em>In the present paper Electrical Conductivity (EC) of Colloidal Gas Aphron (CGA) suspensions was measured for anionic and cationic surfactants (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) and Tetradecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (TTAB)). Experiments were made for different concentrations of SDS (6, 8.1, 10 mM) and TTAB (2, 3.51, 5 mM). CGA drainage behavior was observed and measured using 1 liter measuring cylinder while recording EC. Studying the results, CGA drainage process was observed as four-phase mechanism, instead of three conventional phases. Regardless of surfactant concentration and type, the drainage process is divided in to absorption, macroscopic, bubble, and microscopic phases. Drainage rate did not change at the end of bubble phase, with the maximum value at the end of absorption phase. Results showed that electrical conductivity is a more sensitive property for studying CGA characterization.</em>
Colloidal Gas Aphron (CGA),Electrical Conductivity (EC),Liquid drainage,Drainage mechanism,SDS,TTAB
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6968.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6968_0d0fed8909799874773a5828106bea17.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
27
3
2008
09
01
Absorption of Lead Ions by Various Types of Steel Slag
69
75
EN
Mohammad Reza
Nilforoushan
Faculty of Engineering, University of Shahrekord, P.O. Box 115 Shahrekord, I.R. IRAN
m_r_nilforoushan@yahoo.com
Sasan
Otroj
Faculty of Engineering, University of Shahrekord, P.O. Box 115 Shahrekord, I.R. IRAN
10.30492/ijcce.2008.6969
<em>Steel slags are the by products of steel industries, which forms during reduction process of iron melting. The chemical composition of it changes depending to the melting procedure. Its mineralogical composition also varies based on the cooling procedure. Two different types of steel slag were used as absorbing bed for various concentrations of Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions in the form of lead chloride, and the concentrations of lead ions were measured in the effluent by atomic absorption spectroscopy. When Electric Arc Furnace slag (EAFS) which is a basic crystalline slag was used in the presence of various concentrations of Pb<sup>2+</sup>, ranging from 2mg/lit up to 10 mg/lit. The concentration of lead ions dramatically decreased in the first thirty 30 minute and the remaining ions were absorbed up to 48 hours that the reaction was continuing but with slower rate. Almost the same thing happened when granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) which is also a basic slag but in the amorphous mineralogical form, was used as the absorbing bed. The extent of ion removal from the solution was much lower compared to EAFS. Based on the results of this study, both types of slags can be used as industrial filters for reduction of lead ions from industrial waste waters. </em>
Granulated blast furnace slag,Electric arc furnace slag,Absorption of lead,Atomic absorption spectroscopy
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6969.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6969_49d1e0b2e7485ff3ccb95591f52587a4.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
27
3
2008
09
01
Effect of C/N Ratio on the Phytoremediation of Crude Oil Contaminated Soils by Puccinellia Distance
77
85
EN
Reza
Ezzatian
Department of Energy and Environment, Science and Research Campus,
Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
Manouchehr
Voussoughi
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
vosoughi@sharif.edu
Soheila
Yaghmaei
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
Jahangir
Abedi Koupai
College of Agriculture, Department of Water Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology,
Isfahan, I.R. IRAN
Mahdi
Borghaei
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
Gholam Reza
Pazuki
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
10.30492/ijcce.2008.6971
<em>Petroleum contamination of soil is a serious problem throughout the oil producer countries. Vegetation may play an important role in the biodegradation of toxic organic chemicals in soil. For petroleum compounds, the presence of rhizosphere micro flora may accelerate biodegradation of the contaminants. In a greenhouse study, petroleum contaminated soil were treated using phytoremediation . The C/N ratios and microbial populations were assessed in the beginning and the end of trials. The results showed that Puccinellia distance could tolerate the harsh condition of the soils. As MPN increases, C/N ratios decrease among trials. N, as a nutrient, had effects on both microbial populations and decreasing of organic carbon. Among six C/N ratios, organic carbon content of soil was lower at the end of the study in the vegetated pots compared with the non-vegetated ones. For the most part, the presence of plants enhanced the dissipation of the contamination. Our findings show that in level of 12.9 g crude oil per kg of dry soil we have critical point and for successful pyhtoremediation operation pollution must be below this amount. Microbial activity in loam texture had greater numbers and seedling pots had better efficiency in comparison with planting seed pots.</em>
Phytoremediation,Contamination limit,Microbial populations,C/N ratio,Puccinellia distance
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6971.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6971_e5f45fb4a635079d9b00d230cc4d34fc.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
27
3
2008
09
01
Control of a Fluidized Bed Polyethylene Reactor
87
101
EN
Omid
Vahidi
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 113659465 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
Mohammad
Shahrokhi
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 113659465 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
shahrokhi@sharif.edu
Ahmad
Mirzaei
Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Faculty of Polymerization Engineering, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
10.30492/ijcce.2008.6973
<em>In present paper, dynamic behavior and control of a fluidized bed reactor for polyethylene production has been considered. A double active sites model for Ziegler-Natta catalysts is used for simulation of polymerization reaction. Hydrodynamic behavior of the bed is modeled using a two phase model including bubble and emulsion phases in which bubble phase has plug flow pattern with differentially variable velocity and size through the bed and emulsion phase has the CSTR flow pattern. The reactor model is validated using industrial data. Conventional PID controllers with anti-windup are considered for control purposes. It has been shown that the control system has satisfactory performances either for setpoint tracking or load rejection. To improve the performance of the control system for load rejection the cascade control strategy has been considered.</em>
Fluidized bed reactor,Polyethylene,PID control,Dynamic simulation,Two phase model
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6973.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6973_fd84f8ebe5bc3bb0f4ddb22e22627ade.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
27
3
2008
09
01
Experimental Study and Modeling of Gravity Drainage during WAG Process in Fractured Carbonate Rocks
103
113
EN
Mahdi
Jafari
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
mjofeor@yahoo.com
Amir
Badakhshan
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
Vahid
Taghikhani
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
Davood
Rashtchian
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
rashtchian@sharif.edu
Cirous
Ghotbi
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
Vali Ahmad
Sajadian
Arvandan Company, National Iranian Oil Company,Tehran, I.R. IRAN
10.30492/ijcce.2008.6974
<em>The experimental study and modeling of gravity drainage during </em><em>Water Alternative Gas Injection, WAG </em><em>process, in </em><em>carbonate rock for one of the Iranian off-shore reservoir </em><em>at lab-scale were carried out.</em><em> The mechanism of gravity drainage during the </em><em>WAG process, </em><em>and its contribution to the oil recovery in </em><em>the </em><em>fractured carbonate reservoirs were also studied. In the WAG process alternatively gas is injected during the process and gravity drainage could be happened. Changes in the block dimensions, rock properties, oil properties, gas properties, and fractures properties and their effect on the amount of oil recovered during the gravity drainage mechanism were studied. It would be worth mentioning that Methane, as major constituent of natural gas, </em><em>was used as injection fluids within the experiments.</em><em> Also carbonate rock was used as block sample in the physical model within the experiments. The results obtained from the experiments were compared with those obtained from the simulation and the comparison confirmed fair agreement between the results. It was found out that from 1 to 6 percent of oil can be recovered by gravity drainage during WAG process.</em>
Gravity drainage,WAG,Fracture,Gas invaded zone,GOC,Ultimate recovery,Single block,Carbonate rock,physical model
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6974.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6974_0ed90e15851dbbdcce26386f842d671c.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
27
3
2008
09
01
Experimental Investigation on Hydrodynamic and Thermal Performance of a Gas-Liquid Thermosyphon Heat Exchanger in a Pilot Plant
115
126
EN
Hassan
Zare Aliabadi
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, I.R. IRAN
h_a_zare@yahoo.com
Hossein
Atashi
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, I.R. IRAN
Seyed Hossein
Noie
Department of Chemical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, I.R. IRAN
noie@um.ac.ir
Mohammad
Khoshnoodi
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, I.R. IRAN
10.30492/ijcce.2008.6975
<em>Waste heat recovery is very important, because not only it reduces the expenditure of heat generation, but also it is of high priority in environmental consideration, such as reduction in greenhouse gases. One of the devices is used in waste heat recovery is heat pipe heat exchanger.Anexperimental research has been carried out to investigate the hydrodynamic and thermal performance of a gas- liquid thermosyphon heat exchanger “THE” in a pilot plant. The ε-NTU method has been used. The pressure drop has been calculated across tube bundle of the thermosyphon heat exchanger. It's module is composed of 6 “rows” and 15 “columns” copper pipes with aluminum plate fins with dimensions of 130 cm “height”, 47 cm “width” and 20 cm “depth” . The tubes have been filled by water with filling ratio of 30 %, 50 % and 70 %. The density and thickness of fins are 300 fin/m and 0.4 mm, respectively. The configuration of tubes is in-line with 30 mm pitch. The results show that as the ratio of </em><em>C<sub>e</sub>/C<sub>c</sub></em><em> raises the amount of heat transfer increases. The effectiveness of heat pipe heat exchanger remains constant as the temperature of hot stream rises, but the amount of heat transfer increases. Filling ratio in normal region (30-70 %) has no effects on experimental results. A new correlation for thermosyphon heat exchanger with individual finned tubes and in-line geometry has been proposed for calculating pressure drop across tube bank of a “THE”. </em><em>The error in pressure drop for 40 experimental points in the new correlation is less than 15 %. This indicates that the new correlation possesses an acceptable accuracy predicting pressure drop.</em>
Thermosyphon heat exchanger "THE",ε-NTU method,in-line configuration,Pressure drop,Finned tube bundle
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6975.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6975_2d51b4c8c265b269f883b10a27fca926.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
27
3
2008
09
01
Study of Methane Storage and Adsorption Equilibria in Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
127
134
EN
Maryam
Rasoolzadeh
Adsorption Process Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Tehran,
P.O. Box 11365-4563 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
Shohreh
Fatemi
Adsorption Process Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Tehran,
P.O. Box 11365-4563 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
shfatemi@ut.ac.ir
Mehrdad
Gholamhosseini
Adsorption Process Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Tehran,
P.O. Box 11365-4563 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
Mohammad Ali
Moosaviyan
Adsorption Process Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Tehran,
P.O. Box 11365-4563 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
10.30492/ijcce.2008.6977
<em>Adsorbed natural gas has various advantages and is relatively more economical than liquefaction and compression. Carbon nanotubes can be introduced as a new candidate for natural gas storage. In this study, adsorption of methane was firstly studied on the as-prepared multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and then chemical and physical treatment of MWCNTs was performed to enhance the methane adsorption. Treatment by acid washing and annealing with air improved purity, surface area and methane adsorption. The </em><em>adsorption and equilibrium isotherm data of T-MWCNTSs, were measured by a static volumetric technique at different temperatures of 298, 291, 273 and 263 K and pressures up to 7 MPa. The maximum value of methane storage at normal temperature of 298 K was achieved to 2.81 mmole/g in our experiments. This amount of methane adsorption is equal to 108 v/v, meanwhile the target value of the adsorbed natural gas is 120 v/v to become as the accepted material for ANG process. The isosteric heat of adsorption of T-MWCTs </em><em>was determined in the studied range of pressures and temperatures. The results revealed an energetically heterogeneous surface in methane adsorption. </em><em>Furthermore, different isotherm models were fitted on the experimental adsorption data and the model parameters were correlated. Within the different studied isotherms, Sips equation provided best fitting to the experimental data. </em>
Methane storage,Multi-walled carbon nanotubes,Adsorption equilibria
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6977.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6977_62e76ee848fadda3cb20c47108e33c64.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
27
3
2008
09
01
Experimental Investigation in Pool Boiling Heat Transfer of Pure/Binary Mixtures and Heat Transfer Correlations
135
150
EN
Sayed Ali
Alavi Fazel
Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
alavifazel@engineer.com
Mohammad
Jamialahmadi
Faculty of Petroleum, University of Petroleum Industry, Ahwaz, I.R. IRAN
Ali Akbar
Safekordi
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
safekordi.a@sharif.edu
10.30492/ijcce.2008.6979
<em>Nucleate pool boiling heat transfer coefficient have been experimentally measured on a horizontal rod heater for various liquid binary mixtures. Measurements are based on more than three hundred data points on a wide range of concentrations and heat fluxes. In this investigation, it has been confirmed that the heat transfer coefficient in boiling solutions are regularly less than those in pure component liquids with same physical properties. Several reasons should be responsible for this phenomenon, but mainly it could be related to preferential evaporation of the more volatile component(s) during bubble formation. In this article, the performances of major existing correlations to the present experimental data including pure and binary mixture liquids are discussed. It is shown that it is impossible to predict the accurate value of boiling heat transfer for liquid mixtures and even pure liquids by any existing correlations over all ranges of concentrations or heat fluxes. In this investigation, the Schlünder correlation - as a model with excellent theoretical basis - has been modified; however some models provide superior performance in our experimental range. Originally, it is stated by different authors that B<sub>0</sub> - the ratio of the interfacial area of heat transfer to those of mass transfer as a tuning parameters in Schlünder model - is too complicated to predict and should be fitted empirically as a function of heat flux, density and pressure for any given binary system. In this investigation, B<sub>0</sub>, the mentioned tuning parameter has been basically derived based on the analogy of the mass, heat and momentum transfer. As the results, the average error of Schlünder model in a wide range of boiling parameters has been significantly reduced.</em>
Pool boiling,Heat Transfer,Mass transfer,Modelling,Correlation
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6979.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6979_aa3eaa7281d34778d89ff0d9228d34a7.pdf
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
27
3
2008
09
01
Studies on Chemical Composition and Nutritive Evaluation of Wild Edible Mushrooms
151
154
EN
Sadiq
Saiqa
Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture 38040, Faisalabad, PAKISTAN
Nawaz Bhatti
Haq
Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture 38040, Faisalabad, PAKISTAN
Asif Hanif
Muhammad
Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture 38040, Faisalabad, PAKISTAN
Asif Ali
Muhammad
Mushroom Laboratory, Institute of Horticultural Science, University of Agriculture 38040, Faisalabad, PAKISTAN
Ata-ur-
Rehman
Oil Technology Laboratory, Ayub Agriculture Research Institute (AARI), Jhang Road, Faisalabad, PAKISTAN
10.30492/ijcce.2008.6981
<em>Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus bitorquis are among most favorite mushrooms of the world. Mineral contents, proximate composition and fatty acid profile of these mushrooms were determined for evaluation of their dietary value. Na, K and Li contents were high, while Cr, Cu, Pb, Co, Zn, Mn and Ni concentrations were low in both Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus bitorquis. Proximate analysis showed that both mushrooms have sufficient quantity of protein, lipids, carbohydrates and cellulose. Gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acid methyl esters revealed that linoleic acid (44.19 %) and oleic acid (40.13 %) were the dominant fatty acids in Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus bitorquis respectively</em>
Agaricus bisporus,Agaricus bitorquis,fatty acids,Mineral contents,Linoleic acid
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6981.html
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6981_221ab9d78053c8d9a683d7c520173a98.pdf