ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Immobilization of MoO2(acac)2 on Multiwall Carbon Nano Tube and Epoxidation of Alkenes
The acidic group (-CO2H) of MultiWall Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) converted to acyl chloride group (-COCl) producing of MVCNT@COCl. Then the reaction of MVCNT@COCl and MoO2(acac)2 resulted in direct immobilization of the MoO2(acac)2 and the formation of MVCNT@CO(acac)MoO2(acac) catalyst. In addition, the MVCNT@COCl was esterified by NaOC2H5 and formed the esteric MVCNT@COC2H5 reagent. In a subsequent reaction of MVCNT@COC2H5 by ethylene diamine, the MVCNT@CONHCH2CH2NH2 was produced. It was reacted with MoO2(acac)2 and immobilized the MoO2(acac)2 via imine bond formation and produced the MVCNT@CONHCH2CH2N(acac)MoO2(acac) catalyst. The functionalized MVCNT reagents were characterized by FT-IR spectra and elemental analysis. The molybdenum loading on MVCNT was determined by ICP analysis. The catalytic activity of the two molybdenum immobilized catalysts (MVCNT@COMoO2(acac)2 and MVCNT@CONHCH2CH2N(acac)MoO2(acac)) was investigated in the epoxidation of cyclooctene and different reaction parameters such as solvent, oxidant, amount of catalyst and oxidant were optimized and the epoxidation of different alkenes was investigated in these optimized conditions. The obtained results showed that the supported catalysts of MVCNT@CO(acac)MoO2(acac)2 and MVCNT@CONHCH2CH2N(acac)MoO2(acac) were highly active and selective in the epoxidation of a wide range of alkenes. The reusability of the supported catalysts was also studied. The results showed that they had good reusability in the epoxidation of alkenes.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_30764_c5d6fee4d3d612599e12682c2c72ca0a.pdf
2019-04-01
1
8
10.30492/ijcce.2019.30764
carbon nano tube
Immobilization
Mo
Epoxidation
alkene
Mahdieh
Nafar
m_nafar2005@yahoo.com
1
School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Gholamhossein
Grivani
grivani@du.ac.ir
2
School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] Karimipour G., Rafiee Z., Bahramian M., Peroxynitric Acid: A Convenient Oxygen Source for Oxidation
1
of Organic Compounds Catalyzed by Polyimide-Supported Manganese (III) Tetrakis(4-methoxylphenyl)porphyrin Acetate, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng.(IJCCE), 36(2): 17-28(2017).
2
[2] Tavasoli A., Karimi S., Nikookar H., Fadakar H., Molybdenum Loading Effects on the Physico-Chemical Properties and Performance of Carbon Nanotubes Supported Alkalized MoS2 Catalysts for Higher Alcohols Synthesis, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 32(1): 11-19 (2013).
3
[3] Trépanier M., Tavasoli A., Anahid S., Dalai A.K., Deactivation Behavior of Carbon Nanotubes Supported Cobalt Catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 30(1): 37-47(2011).
4
[4] da Silva J.A.L., Fraْsto da Silva J.J., R., Pombeiro A.J.L., Oxovanadium Complexes in Catalytic Oxidations, Coord. Chem. Rev, 255 (19-20): 2232–2248 (2011).
5
[5] Ranu B.C., Bhadra S., Saha D., Green Recyclable Supported-Metal Catalyst for Useful Organic Transformations, Curr. Org. Synt, 8(2): 146-171(2011).
6
[6] Masteri Farahani M., Taghizadeh F., Molybdenum-Schiff Base Complex Immobilized on Magnetite Nanoparticles as a Reusable Epoxidation Catalyst, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 37(6): 35-42 (2018).
7
[7] Kargar H., Moghadam M., Mirkhani V., Tangestaninejad S., Mohammadpoor-Baltork I., Rezaei S., Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotube Supported Manganese(III) Porphyrin: an Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for Oxidation of 2-Imidazolines with Sodium Periodate, Trans. Met. Chem, 38(1): 1-5(2012).
8
[8] Tathod A., Kane T., SaniE.S.l., Dhepe P.L., Solid Base Supported Metal Catalysts for the Oxidation and Hydrogenation of Sugars, J. Mol. Catal A, 388–389(7): 90-92(2014).
9
[9] Faraji A.R., Mosazadeh S., Ashouri F., Synthesis and Characterization of Cobalt-Supported Catalysts
10
on Modified Magnetic Nanoparticle: Green and Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Nanocatalyst for Selective Oxidation of Ethylbenzene, Cyclohexene and Oximes with Molecular Oxygen, J. Coll. Inter, 506(11): 10-26 (2017).
11
[10] Timur M., Demetgül C., Synthesis and Metal Ion Uptake Studies of Silica Gel-Immobilized Schiff Base Derivatives and Catalytic Behaviors of Their Cu(II) Complexes, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 36(4):111-122(2017).
12
[11] Tahereh Poursaberi T., Akbar V., Shoja S M R., Application of Rh(III)-Metalloporphyrin Grafted Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for the Extraction of Thiocyanate Ions from Aqueous Solutions, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 34(2): 41-49(2015).
13
[12] Mondloch J.E., Ercan B., Finke R.G., A review of the Kinetics and Mechanisms of Formation of Supported-Nanoparticle Heterogeneous Catalysts, J. Mol. Catal. A, 355 (3): 1- 38 (2012).
14
[13] Samadi M., ShivaeA.H. E, Zanetti M., Pourjavadi A., Moshfegh A., Visible Light Photocatalytic
15
Activity of Novel MWCNT-Doped ZnO Electrospun Nanofibers, J. Mol. Catal. A, 359(8): 42-48 (2012).
16
[14] Yousefzadeh S., Reyhani A., Naseri N., Moshfegh A.Z., MWCNT/WO3 Nanocomposite Photoanode for Visible Light Induced Water Splitting, J. Solid State Chem, 204 (8): 341-347(2013).
17
[15] Groarke M., Goncalves I.S., Herrmann W.A., Ku¨hn FE., New Insights Into the Reaction of
18
t-Butylhydroperoxide with Dichloro- and Dimethyl(dioxo)molybdenum(VI), J. Organomet. Chem, 649(1): 108–112(2002).
19
[16] Rayati S., Rafiee N., Wojtczak A., cis-Dioxo-Molybdenum(VI) Schiff Base Complexes: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Catalytic Performance for Homogeneous Oxidation of Olefins, Inorg. Chim. Act, 386(5): 27-35(2012).
20
[17] Li,Y., Fu X., Gong B., Zou X., Tu X., Chen J., Synthesis of Novel Immobilized Tridentate Schiff Base Dioxomolybdenum(VI) Complexes as Efficient and Reusable Catalysts for Epoxidation of Unfunctionalized Olefins, J. Mol. Catal. A, 322(5): 55-62(2010).
21
[18] Bagherzadeh M., Latifi R., Tahsini L., Amani V., Ellern A., Woo L.K., Synthesis, Characterization and Crystal Structure of a Dioxomolybdenum(VI) Complex with a N,Otype Bidentate Schiff Base Ligand as a Catalyst for Homogeneous Oxidation of Olefins, Polyhedron, 28(12): 2517-2521(2009).
22
[19] Ambroziak,K., Pelech R., Milchert E., Dziembowskaa T., Rozwadowski Z., New Dioxomolybdenum(VI) Complexes of Tetradentate Schiff Base as Catalysts for Epoxidation of Olefins, J. Mol. Catal, A 211(1-2): 9–16 (2004).
23
[20] Grivani G., Akherati A., Polymer-supported bis (2-hydroxyanyl) acetylacetonato Molybdenyl Schiff Base Catalyst as Effective, Selective and Highly Reusable Catalyst in Epoxidation of Alkenes, Inorg. Chem. Commun, 28(4): 90-93 (2013).
24
[21] Grivani G., Halili A., Polymer-Supported Diimine Molybdenum Carbonyl Complexes as Highly Reusable and Efficient Pre-Catalysts in Epoxidation of Alkenes, J. Iran. Chem. Soc, 11(1): 163–168(2014).
25
[22] Grivani G., Tangestaninejad S., Habibi M.H., Mirkhani V., Moghadam M., Epoxidation of Alkenes by a Readily Prepared and Highly Active and Reusable Heterogeneousmolybdenum-Based Catalys. Applied Catalysis A: General, 299(1): 131–136 (2006).
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoparticles Propolis Using Beeswax
In order to protection, convenient release, and increase of antibacterial of capsules to the treatment of diseases, propolis nanoparticles encapsulate. Beeswax is used for covering because of its special physical and chemical properties, ineffective and inactivity and ease of mixingwith materials without any adverse reaction. In this study, nanotechnology and renewable natural compounds of beeswax were used in the process of encapsulating for protection against adverse environmental conditions. At first, propolis nanoparticles were mixed withchloroform then ammonia buffer and Tween -80 was added to it while stirring with speed rpm 300. The mixture was shocked to form the capsule. After filtration andwashing produced capsules were dried for 48 hours at room temperature. Assessment of formation and performance of the capsules was done by changing parameters such as pH, time and temperature, the loading of nanoparticles by spectrophotometry method and increasing the antimicrobial properties using microbial culture. Also, FT-IR analysis was done to prove the physical transplant of wax and propolis. According to TEM images, the size of produced capsules was estimated in the range of 200 to 500 nm with 95% distribution percentages. Based on Taguchi testing, the optimum time, temperature and pH for the release of encapsulated nanoparticles were 10 minutes, 43ºC and 10, respectively.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_30927_f6a8f70fecb66449918cf483ba2a6e01.pdf
2019-04-01
9
19
10.30492/ijcce.2019.30927
Encapsulating
Propolis Nanoparticles
Capsule
Beeswax
Spectrophotometry
Parisa
Shaltouki
parisa.sh6610@gmail.com
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Elaheh
Mohamadi
e_hmohamadi1988@yahoo.com
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Mohammad Ali
Moghaddasi
mohammadali.moghaddasi@gmail.com
3
Department of Chemical Engineering, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Afshin
Farahbakhsh
afshin.farahbakhsh@gmail.com
4
Department of Chemical Engineering, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Hooman
Bahmanpour
h.bahmanpour@srbiau.ac.ir
5
Department of Environmental Engineering, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] Wang B., Sheng H., Shi Y., Hu W., Hong N., Zeng W., Ge H., Yu X., Song L, and Hu Y. Recent Advances for Microencapsulation of Flame Retardant, Polymer Degradation and Stability, 113: 96-109, (2015).
1
[2] Aguilar F., Autrup H., Barlow S., Castle L., Crebelli R., Dekant W., Engel K-H., Gontard N., Gott D, Grilli S., "Beeswax (E 901) as a Glazing Agent and as Carrier for Flavours Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC)", (2007).
2
[3] Pinzón F., Torres A., Hoffmann W, Lamprecht I., Thermoanalytical and Infrared Spectroscopic Investigations on Wax Samples of Native Colombian Bees Living in Different Altitudes, Engineering
3
in Life Sciences, 13(6): 520-527, (2013).
4
[4] Ranjha N.M., Khan H., Naseem S., Encapsulation and Characterization of Controlled Release Flurbiprofen Loaded Microspheres Using Beeswax as an Encapsulating Agent, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 21(5): 1621-1630, (2010).
5
[5] Gowda D., Manjunatha M., Balmurlidhara V., Khan M S. Study on Encapsulation of Ranolazine in Bees Wax Microspheres: Preparation, Characterization and Release Kinetics of Microspheres, Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2(6): 232-243, (2010).
6
[6] Sforcin J.M., Bankova V., Propolis: Is There a Potential for the Development of New Drugs? Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 133(2): 253-260, (2011).
7
[7] Lotfy M., Biological Activity of Bee Propolis in Health and Disease, Asian Pac. J. Cancer. Prev., 7(1): 22-31, (2006).
8
[8] Bankova V., Popova M., Trusheva B., Propolis Volatile Compounds: Chemical Diversity and Biological Activity: a Review, Chemistry Central Journal, 8(1): 28, (2014).
9
[9] Popova M., Chen C.N., Chen P.Y., Huang C.Y., Bankova V., A Validated Spectrophotometric Method for Quantification of Prenylated Flavanones in Pacific Propolis from Taiwan, Phytochemical Analysis, 21(2): 186-191, (2010).
10
[10] Gardana C., Scaglianti M., Pietta P., Simonetti P., Analysis of the Polyphenolic Fraction of Propolis from Different Sources by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 45(3): 390-399, (2007).
11
[11] Chis-Buiga I., Olariu L., Tulcan C., The Propolis Extract Protective Role on Red Blood Cells Antioxidant Enzymes in Cadmium Intoxicated Rats,. Lucrari Stiintifice-Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole a Banatului Timisoara, Medicina Veterinara, 40: 314-318 (2007).
12
[12] SFORCIN J.M., Fernandes Júnior A., Lopes C., Funari S., Bankova V., Seasonal effect of Brazilian propolis on Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis, Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins, 7(1): 139-144 (2001).
13
[13] Gekker G., Hu S., Spivak M., Lokensgard J.R., Peterson P.K., Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Propolis in CD4+ Lymphocyte and Microglial Cell Cultures, Journal of ethnopharmacology, 102(2): 158-163 (2005).
14
[14] Orsi R., Sforcin J., Rall V., Funari S., Barbosa L., Fernandes J., Susceptibility profile of Salmonella Against the Antibacterial Activity of Propolis Produced in Two Regions of Brazil, Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases, 11(2): 109-116 (2005).
15
[15] Orsi R.D.O., Funari S., Barbattini R., Giovani C., Frilli F., Sforcin J, Bankova V., Radionuclides
16
in Honeybee Propolis (Apis mellifera L.), Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 76(4): 637-640 (2006).
17
[16] Freitas S., Shinohara L., Sforcin J., Guimarães S., In Vitro Effects of Propolis on Giardia Duodenalis Trophozoites, Phytomedicine, 13(3): 170-175 (2006).
18
[17] Bufalo M.C., Candeias J M., Sforcin J M., In Vitro Cytotoxic Effect of Brazilian Green Propolis on Human Laryngeal Epidermoid Carcinoma (HEp-2) Cells, Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 6(4): 483-487, (2009).
19
[18] Búfalo M., Figueiredo A., De Sousa J., Candeias J., Bastos J, Sforcin J., Anti‐Poliovirus Activity of Baccharis Dracunculifolia and Propolis by Cell Viability Determination and Real‐Time PCR, Journal of Applied Microbiology, 107(5): 1669-1680, (2009).
20
[19] Yaghoubi M., Gh G., Satari R., Antimicrobial Activity of Iranian Propolis and Its Chemical Composition DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 15(1): 45-48 (2007).
21
[20] Sforcin J., Propolis and the Immune System: A Review, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 113(1): 1-14, (2007).
22
[21] Bankova V., Chemical Diversity of Propolis and the Problem of Standardization, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 100(1): 114-117 (2005).
23
[22] Mani F., Damasceno H., Novelli E., Martins E, Sforcin J., Propolis: Effect of Different Concentrations, Extracts and Intake Period on Seric Biochemical Variables, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 105(1): 95-98, (2006).
24
[23] Jasprica I., Mornar A., Debeljak Ž., Smolčić-Bubalo A., Medić-Šarić M., Mayer L., Romić Ž., Bućan K., Balog T, Sobočanec S., In Vivo Study of Propolis Supplementation Effects on Antioxidative Status and Red Blood Cells, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 110(3): 548-554 (2007).
25
[24] Watanabe M.A.E., Amarante M.K., Conti B.J., Sforcin J.M., Cytotoxic Constituents of Propolis Inducing Anticancer Effects: A Review, Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 63(11): 1378-1386 (2011).
26
[25] Lavigne J-P., Vitrac X., Bernard L., Bruyère F., Sotto A., Propolis Can Potentialise the Anti-Adhesion Activity of Proanthocyanidins on Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli in the Prevention of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections, BMC Research Notes, 4(1): 522- (2011).
27
[26] Campos-Vega R., Pool H., Vergara-Castañeda H., "Micro and Nanoencapsulation: A New Hope
28
to Combat the Effects of Chronic Degenerative Diseases, in Foods: Bioactives, Processing, Quality and Nutrition", Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (2013).
29
[27] Matalanis A., Jones O.G., McClements D.J., Structured Biopolymer-Based Delivery Systems
30
for Encapsulation, Protection, and Release of Lipophilic Compounds, Food Hydrocolloids, 25(8): 1865-1880, (2011).
31
[28] McClements D.J., Crystals and Crystallization in Oil-in-Water Emulsions: Implications for Emulsion-Based Delivery Systems, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 174: 1-30 (2012).
32
[29] Pool H., Mendoza S., Xiao H., McClements D.J., Encapsulation and Release of Hydrophobic Bioactive Components in Nanoemulsion-Based Delivery Systems: Impact of Physical Form on Quercetin Bioaccessibility, Food & Function, 4(1): 162-174 (2013).
33
[30] Kim D-M., Lee G-D., Aum S-H., Kim H-J., Preparation of Propolis Nanofood and Application
34
to Human Cancer, Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 31(9): 1704-1710 (2008).
35
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Preparation, Characterization, and Application of Nanospherical α-Fe2O3 Supported on Silica for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue
In the research, spherical α-Fe2O3 NanoParticles (NPs) were synthesized through Forced Hydrolysis and Reflux Condensation (FHRC) process and were supported on the surface of silica sand by Solid-State Dispersion (SSD) method. Characterization of silica and α-Fe2O3/SiO2 catalyst was done using Fourier-Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns and Brunauer, Emmet and Teller (BET) surface area. The supported α-Fe2O3/SiO2 nanocatalyst with the average crystallite size of 27.5 nm was used for photocatalytic removal of Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous solutions under Ultra-Violet (UV) light.In order to optimization of effective parameters on MB degradation, the single-variable method was used. The optimal conditions were determined as pH=11, initial concentration of MB=10 ppm, and the mass of catalyst =1.0 g. Degradation efficiency in optimal conditions was 97.32%.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_30422_7ae81acb94b8d1c4aeb50c3ab66eed26.pdf
2019-04-01
21
28
10.30492/ijcce.2019.30422
Methylene blue
SSD
FHRC
α-Fe2O3
SiO2
Ali
Arasteh Nodeh
aliarastehnodeh@iauq.ac.ir
1
Chemical Engineering Department, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Majid
Saghi
m-saghi@iau-arak.ac.ir
2
Young Researchers and Elite Club, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad
Khazaei Nejad
m.khazaeinejad@gmail.com
3
Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Pourbabaee A. A., Malekzadeh F., Sarbolouki M. N., Mohajeri A., Decolorization of Methyl Orange
1
(As a Model Azo Dye) by the Newly Discovered Bacillus Sp, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 24(3): 41-45 (2005).
2
[2] Fernandez C., Larrechi M. S., Callao M. P., An Analytical Overview of Processes for Removing Organic Dyes From Wastewater Effluents, TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem., 29(10): 1202-1211 (1020).
3
[3] Kirov M.Y., Evgenov O.V., Evgenov N.V., Egorina E.M., Sovershaev M.A., Sveinbjørnsson B., Nedashkovsky E.V., Bjertnaes L.J., Infusion of Methylene Blue in Human Septic Shock: A Pilot, Randomized, Controlled Study, Crit. Care. Med., 29(10): 1860-1867 (2001).
4
[4] Kavitha D., Namasivayam C., Experimental and Kinetic Studies on Methylene Blue Adsorption by Coir Pith Carbon, Bioresour. Technol., 98(1): 14-21 (2007).
5
[5] Umebayashi T., Yamaki T., Tanaka S., Asai K., Visible Light-Induced Degradation of Methylene Blue on S-Doped TiO2, Chemistry Letters., 32(4): 364-365 (2003).
6
[6] Dutta K., Mukhopadhyay S., Bhattacharjee S., Chaudhuri B., Chemical Oxidation of Methylene Blue Using a Fenton-like Reaction, J. Hazard. Mater., 84(1): 57-71 (2001).
7
[7] Taghavi K., Purkareim S., Pendashteh A. R., Chaibakhsh N., Optimized Removal of Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate by Fenton-Like Oxidation Using Response Surface Methodology, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 35(4): 113-124 (2016).
8
[8] Dariani R. S., Esmaeili A., Mortezaali A., Dehghanpour S., Photocatalytic Reaction and Degradation of Methylene Blue on TiO2 Nano-Sized Particles, Optik-International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 127(18): 7143-7154 (1016).
9
[9] Saghi M., Mahanpoor K., Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline Aqueous Solutions by Nanospherical α-Fe2O3 Supported on 12-Tungstosilicic Acid as Catalyst: Using Full Factorial Experimental Design, Int. J. Ind. Chem., 8(3): 297-313 (2017).
10
[10] Farahmandjou M., Soflaee F., Synthesis and Characterization of α-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles by Simple Co-Precipitation Method, Phys. Chem. Res., 3(3): 191-196 (2015).
11
[11] Liang H., Liu K., Ni Y., Synthesis of Mesoporous α-Fe2O3 via Sol–Gel Methods Using Cellulose
12
Nano-Crystals (CNC) as Template and its Photo-Catalytic Properties, Mater. Lett., 159: 218-220 (2015).
13
[12] Diab M., Mokari T., Thermal Decomposition Approach for the Formation of α-Fe2O3 Mesoporous Photoanodes and an α-Fe2O3/CoO Hybrid Structure for Enhanced Water Oxidation, Inorg. Chem., 53(4): 2304-2309 (2014).
14
[13] Jiang T., Poyraz A. S., Iyer A., Zhang Y., Luo Z., Zhong W., Miao R., El-Sawy A.M., Guild C.J.,
15
Sun Y., Kriz D.A., Suib S.L., Synthesis of Mesoporous Iron Oxides by an Inverse Micelle Method and Their Application in the Degradation of Orange II Under Visible Light at Neutral pH, J. Phys. Chem. C., 119(19): 10454-10468 (2015).
16
[14] Askarinejad A., Bagherzadeh M., Morsali A., Sonochemical Fabrication and Catalytic Properties of α-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles, J. Exp. Nanosci., 6(3): 217-225 (2011).
17
[15] Tadic M., Panjan M., Damnjanovic V., Milosevic I., Magnetic Properties of Hematite (α-Fe2O3) Nanoparticles Prepared by Hydrothermal Synthesis Method, Appl. Surf. Sci., 320: 183-187 (2014).
18
[16] Bharathi S., Nataraj D., Mangalaraj D., Masuda Y., Senthil K., Yong K., Highly Mesoporous α-Fe2O3 Nanostructures: Preparation, Characterization and Improved Photocatalytic Performance Towards Rhodamine B (RhB), J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 43: 1-9 (2010).
19
[17] Chen M., Liu J., Chao D., Wang J., Yin J., Lin J., Fan H.J., Shen Z.X., Porous α-Fe2O3 Nanorods Supported on Carbon Nanotubes Graphene Foam as Superior Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries, Nano Energy., 9: 364–372 (2014).
20
[18] Rancourt D. G., Julian S. R., Daniels J. M., Mossbauer Characterization of Very Small Superparamagnetic Particles; Application to Intra-Zeolitic α-Fe2O3 Particles, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 49(3): 305–316 (1985).
21
[19] Nikazar M., Gholivand K., Mahanpoor K., Photocatalytic Degradation of Azo Dye Acid Red 114 in Water with TiO2 Supported on Clinoptililite as a Catalyst, Desalination., 219(1-3): 293-300 (2008).
22
[20] Warren B. E., Averbach B. L., The Effect of Cold‐Work Distortion on X‐Ray Patterns, J. Appl. Phys., 21(6): 595-599 (1950)
23
[21] Zhang T.Y., Oyama T., Aoshima A., Hidaka H., Zhao J.C., Serpone N., Photooxidative N-Demethylation of Methylene Blue in Aqueous TiO2 Dispersions under UV Irradiation, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A., 140(2): 163-172 (2001).
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Photodegradation of Methylene Blue Solution via Au Doped TiO2 Nanocomposite Catalysts Prepared Using Novel Photolysis Method
Gold doped TiO2 has been successfully synthesized via the photolysis method and is characterized by different techniques. NPs of gold doped TiO2 were utilized for the degradation of methylene blue as a material pigmentation pollutant. The substitution of Au on TiO2 surface was established via XRD, EDX, TEM, and FT-IR techniques. The TEM and SEM results appeared that the particles in the nano range and its size below 15nm. Without a catalyst, the degradation of dye under visible light in acid and nature medium gives humble results but good results at pH 11 while it gives excellent results at all conditions when using catalyst.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_37049_3b150bcbd7432442aab2caf4d09a645b.pdf
2019-04-01
29
35
10.30492/ijcce.2019.37049
Doped
Methylene blue
nanoparticles
Photodegradation
Photolysis
Zaid Hamid
Mahmoud
zaidhameed_91@yahoo.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Collage of Science, Diyala University, Baqubah, IRAQ
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] Diebold U., The Surface Science of Titanium Dioxide, Surf. Sci. Rep., 48(53): 53-229 (2003).
1
[2] Ismail A.A., Bahnemann D.W., Mesoporous Titania Photocatalysts: Preparation, Characterization and Reaction Mechanisms, J. Mater. Chem., 21(32): 11686–11707 (2011).
2
[3] Zaid H.M., Synthesis of Bismuth Oxide Nano Powders Viaelectrolysis Method and Study the Effect of Change Voltage on the Size for It, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 11(7): 97-101 (2017).
3
[4] San N., Hatipoglu A., Kocturk G., Cinar Z., Photocatalytic Degradation of 4-Nitrophenol in Aqueous TiO2 Suspensions: Theoretical Prediction of the Intermediates, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., 146(3): 189-197 (2002).
4
[5] Faisal M., Abu Tariq M., Muneer M., Photocatalysed Degradation of Two Selected Dyes in UV-Irradiated Aqueous Suspensions of Titania, Dyes Pigments., 72(2): 233-239 (2007).
5
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38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Electro-Catalytic Oxidation of Methanol at Ni(OH)2 Nanoparticles-Poly (o-Anisidine)/Triton X-100 Film onto Phosphotungstic Acid-Modified Carbon Paste Electrode
In this work, Phosphotungstic Acid modified Carbon Paste Electrode (PWA-CPE) is used as a substrate for electro-polymerization of o-Anisidine (OA). Also, Triton X-100 (TX-100) surfactant is used as an additive for electrochemical polymerization of OA onto the PWA-CPE, which is investigated as a novel matrix for dispersion of nickel species. The prepared electrodes are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and electrochemical methods. Growth of the poly o-Anisidine (POA) film in the absence of TX-100 and/or PWA is very poor, while it considerably increases in the presence of them. The methanol oxidation and stability of the Ni/POA (TX-100)/PWA-CPE are investigated by various electrochemical techniques. It has been shown that the poly (o-Anisidine)/Triton X-100 (POA (TX-100)) at the surface of PWA-CPE improves the catalytic efficiency of the dispersed Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles towards methanol oxidation.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_30589_b1bb6c879d44cc0651a7cd489fc43df4.pdf
2019-04-01
37
48
10.30492/ijcce.2019.30589
Electro-catalysis
Methanol
Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles
Poly (o-Anisidine)/Triton X-100 film
Phosphotungstic acid
Mohammad-Saleh
Zabihi
zabihisaleh@yahoo.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, 1913674711, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Jahanbakhsh
Raoof
j.raoof@umz.ac.ir
2
Electroanalytical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, P.O. Box 47416-95447 Babolsar, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sayed Reza
Hosseini
r.hosseini@umz.ac.ir
3
Nanochemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, P.O. BOX 47416-95447 Babolsar, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Mahmoud Reza
Sohrabi
mmm_sorabi@yahoo.com
4
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, 1913674711, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
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43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Methanol-to-Hydrocarbons Product Distribution over SAPO-34 and ZSM-5 Catalysts: The applicability of Thermodynamic Equilibrium and Anderson-Schulz-Flory Distribution
The product distribution of methanol to hydrocarbons conversion over SAPO-34 and ZSM-5 catalysts was studied using thermodynamic equilibrium and Anderson-Schulz-Flory (ASF) distributions. The equilibrium compositions were calculated using constrained Gibbs free energy minimization. The effect of catalyst type was considered by setting upper limits to product carbon number due to shape selectivity according to zeotype catalyst channel size; that is, n£5 for SAPO-34 but n£6 for aliphatic and n£10 for aromatic compounds over H-ZSM-5 catalyst. The equilibrium selectivity of kinds of paraffin is negligible over SAPO-34 system while that of olefins is very small over H-ZSM-5, both in agreement with experimental results for methanol to olefins and to gasoline, respectively. The methanol to olefins hydrocarbon product distributions over SAPO-34 and H-ZSM-5 showed fair agreements with thermodynamic equilibrium and ASF distributions, respectively. It was found that propylene is the only product the selectivity of which can be maximized among hydrocarbon products over both SAPO-34 and ZSM-5 catalysts, and therefore, it can be an easier target molecule in methanol to hydrocarbon conversions.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_30591_084f200a69f6f7b559e1c862b3683a14.pdf
2019-04-01
49
59
10.30492/ijcce.2019.30591
Methanol to hydrocarbons
SAPO-34
ZSM-5
Shape selectivity
Equilibrium composition
Anderson-Schulz-Flory distribution
Saeed
Sahebdelfar
s.sahebdel@npc-rt.ir
1
Catalysis Research Group, Petrochemical Research & Technology Company, National Petrochemical Company, P.O. Box: 14358-84711 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fereydoon
Yaripour
f.yaripour@gmail.com
2
Catalysis Research Group, Petrochemical Research & Technology Company, National Petrochemical Company, P.O. Box: 14358-84711 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Somayeh
Ahmadpour
ahmadpour_somayeh@che.sharif.edu
3
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box: 11365-8639 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Farhad
Khorasheh
khorashe@sharif.ir
4
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box: 11365-8639 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
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[25] Liu G., Tian P., Li J., Zhang D., Zhoub F., Liu Z., Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Properties of SAPO-34 Synthesized Using Diethylamine as a Template, Micropor. Mesopor. Mat., 111: 143-149 (2008).
27
[26] Wang P., Yang D., Hu J., Xu J., Lu G., Synthesis of SAPO-34 with Small and Tunable Crystallite Size by Two-step Hydrothermal Crystallization and Its Catalytic Performance for MTO Reaction, Catal. Today., 212: 62.e1-62.e8 (2013).
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[29] Fougerit J.M., Gnep, N.S., Guisnet M., Selective Transformation of Methanol into Light Olefins
31
over a Mordenite Catalyst: Reaction Scheme and Mechanism, Micropor. Mesopor. Mat., 29: 79-89 (1999).
32
[30] Zhao W., Zhang B., Wang G., Guo H., Methane Formation Route in the Conversion of Methanol
33
to Hydrocarbons, J. Energy Chem., 23: 201-206 (2014).
34
[31] Wu E.L., Kuhl G.H., Whyte T.E., Venuto P.B., Molecular Sieve Zeolites-I, Adv. Chem. Ser., 101: 490-498 (1971).
35
[32] Haag W.O., Dessau R.M., “Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress on Catalysis”, July 2-6, 1984, Berlin, Germany, Vol. 2, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, p. 305 (1984).
36
[33] Chen D., Moljord K., Fuglerud T., Holmen A., The Effect of Crystal Size of SAPO-34 on the Selectivity and Deactivation of the MTO Reaction, Micropor. Mesopor. Mat., 29: 191-203 (1999).
37
[34] Hirota Y., Murata K., Miyamoto M., Egashira Y., Nishiyama N., Light Olefins Synthesis from Methanol and Dimethylether over SAPO-34 Nanocrystals, Catal. Lett., 140: 22-26 (2010).
38
[35] Wu X., Abraha M.G., Anthony R.G., Methanol conversion on SAPO-34: Reaction Condition for Fixed-bed Reactor, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 260: 63-69 (2004).
39
[36] Askari S., Halladj R., Sohrabi M., Methanol Conversion to Light Olefins over Sonochemically Prepared SAPO-34 Nanocatalyst, Micropor. Mesopor. Mat., 163: 334-342 (2012).
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[37] Chen D., Moljord K., Holmen A., A Methanol to Olefins Review: Diffusion, Coke Formation and Deactivation on SAPO Type Catalysts, Micropor. Mesopor. Mat., 164: 239–250 (2012).
41
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Advanced Gravity and Magnetic Concentration of a PGM Tailings Waste for Chromite Recovery
This research was aimed at evaluating the efficiency of advanced gravity and magnetic separations on the recovery of chromite from the fine Platinum Group Metals (PGM) tailings consisting of particles 80% passing 75 µm with about 45% being >45 µm resulting in high chromite losses. The PGM plant tailings were subjected to X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy and particle size distribution analyses. The feed was then optimally classified with 60 mm diameter hydro-cyclone into underflow and overflow streams. The coarser underflow was further beneficiated using the spiral concentrator. The results obtained showed that the removal of fines increased the Cr2O3 grade for the spiral feed from 12.27% to 17.64% while spiral concentrate grade improved from 14.84% to 21.46% and recovery 69.85% to 95.53%. Magnetic separation efficiency was found to increase with particle size such that at >75 µm a concentrate with up to 17.13% grade and 61.5% recovery was achieved. The advanced Falcon concentration was also observed to be mainly particle size dependent and at 45 µm up to 17% grade and 60.3% recovery was achieved. The results obtained are based on particles >45 µm and the finer particles
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_32193_a81772147ec2901dda24888d01278dde.pdf
2019-04-01
61
71
10.30492/ijcce.2019.32193
Tailings
analyses
classified
beneficiated
Efficiency
Boingotlo
Setlhabi
innosetlhabi@yahoo.com
1
Department of Chemical, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, SOUTH AFRICA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abimbola
Popoola
popoolaapi@tut.ac.za
2
Department of Chemical, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, SOUTH AFRICA
AUTHOR
Lerato
Tshabalala
tshabalalalc@tut.ac.za
3
Department of Chemical, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, SOUTH AFRICA
AUTHOR
Abraham
Adeleke
abrahamadeleke@gmail.com
4
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, NIGERIA
AUTHOR
[1] Blignaut J.N., Hassan R.M., Assessment of the Performance and Sustainability of Mining Sub-Soil Assets for Economic Development in South Africa, Ecological Economics, 40(1): 89-101 (2002).
1
[2] Schouwstra R., Kinloch E., Lee C., A Short Geological Review of the Bushveld Complex, Platinum Metals Review, 44(1): 33-39 (2000).
2
[3] Visser M., An Overview of the History and Current Operational Facilities of Samancor Chrome, Southern African Pyrometallurgy, 285-296 (2006).
3
[4] Glastonbury R.I., Beukes J.P., Van Zyl P.G., Sadiki L.N., Jordaan A., Campbell Q.P., Stewart H.M., Dawson N.F., Comparison of Physical Properties of Oxidative Sintered Pellets Produced with UG2 or Metallurgical Grade South African Chromite: a Case Study, The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 115: 699-706 (2015).
4
[5] Dawson N., Experiences in the Production of Metallurgical and Chemical Grade UG 2 Chromite Concentrates From PGM Tailingss Streams, South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. Journal, 110(11): 683-690 (2010).
5
[6] Güney A., Önal G., Atmaca T., New Aspect of Chromite Gravity Tailingss Re-Processing, Minerals Engineering, 14 (11): 1527-1530 (2001).
6
[7] Tripathy S.K., Rama Murthy Y., Modeling and Optimization of Spiral Concentrator for Separation of Ultrafine Chromite, Powder Technology, 221 (0): 387-394 (2012).
7
[8]Wills B.A., Napier-Munn T.J., Mineral Processing Technology, Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 7, (2006).
8
[9] Jones R., "An Overview of Southern African PGM Smelting", Nickel and Cobalt 2005: Challenges in Extraction and Production, 147-178 (2005).
9
[10] Cramer L., Basson J., Nelson L., The Impact of Platinum Production from UG2 Ore on Ferrochrome Production in South Africa, Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 104(9): 517-527 (2004).
10
[11] Tripathy S.K., Singh V., Ramamurthy Y., Improvement in Cr:Fe Ratio of Indian Chromite Ore for Ferro Chrome Production, International Journal of Mining Engineering and Mineral Processing, 1(3): 101-106 (2012).
11
[12] Simmons W.B., Pyroxene,Encyclopedia Britannica, inc, (2014). Accessed March 05 2018,
12
https://www.britannica.com/science/pyroxene
13
[13] Özkan, S. G. İ., Concentration Studies on Chromite Tailingss by Multi Gravity Separator, International Mining Congress and Exhibition of Turkey, 765-768 (2001).
14
[14] Bhatti M.A., Kazmi K.R., Anwar M.S., High Intensity Magnetic Separation Studies of Low Grade Chromium Ore, Journal-Chemical Society of Pakistan, 30(1):42 (2008).
15
[15] Neizel B. W., "Alteration of Chrome-to-Iron Ratio in Chromite Ore by Chlorination", Doctoral Dissertation, North West University, (2010).
16
[16] El-Midany A. A.; Ibrahim S. S., Does Calcite Content Affect Its Weparation from Celestite by Falcon Concentrator, Powder Technology, 213(1–3): 41-47 (2011).
17
[17] Jordens A., Marion C., Langlois R., Grammatikopoulos T., Sheridan R. S., Ten, C., Demers H., Gauvin R., Rowson N.A., Waters K.E., Beneficiation of the Nechalacho Rare Earth Deposit. Part 2: Characterisation of Products from Gravity and Magnetic Separation, Minerals Engineering, (2016).
18
[18] Honaker R.Q., Wang D., Ho K., Application of the Falcon Concentrator for Fine Coal Cleaning, Minerals Engineering, 9(11): 1143-1156(1996).
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Development of a Hyphenated Method Called DLLME/TLM for Trace Analysis of Cd
Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction / Thermal Lens Microscopy (DLLME/TLM) was developed as a new combination method for preconcentration and determination of Cd. Thermal Lens Microscopy is suitable for the determination of analyte after DLLME because of the low volume of the remained phase after DLLME and increasing of the enhancement factor for the nonpolar organic solvents. Some effective parameters on the micro extraction, complex formation and combination were selected and optimized. Under optimum conditions, the calibration graphs were linear in the range of 0.05-20 µg/L with the detection limit of 0.008 µg/L. The Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) for 1 and 10 µg/L of cadmium was 3.1 and 2.3, respectively. The enhancement factor of 1200 was obtained from a sample volume of 10.0 mL. DLLME/TLM method was applied to the analysis of real samples. The accuracy of the method was proved by using standard reference materials and micro spectrophotometry.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_37123_e102a011a44862d9ddc167c46ec9e0ad.pdf
2019-04-01
73
83
10.30492/ijcce.2019.37123
Thermal lens Microscopy
Dispersive
Real samples
Laser
Cadmium
Nader
Shokoufi
shokoufi@ccerci.ac.ir
1
Analytical Instrumentation & Spectroscopy Laboratory, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Amir
Hamdamali
amir.hamdam@gmail.com
2
Analytical Instrumentation & Spectroscopy Laboratory, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Gordon J., Leite R., Moore R.S., Porto S., Whinnery J., Long Transient Effects in Lasers with Inserted Liquid Samples, Journal of Applied Physics, 36(1): 3-8 (1965).
1
[2] Dovichi N.J., Harris J., Laser Induced Thermal Lens Effect for Calorimetric Trace Analysis, Analytical Chemistry, 51(6): 728-731 (1979).
2
[3] Kitamori T., Tokeshi M., Hibara A., Sato K., Thermal Lens Microscopy and Microchip Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, 76: 52-A (2004).
3
[4] Shokoufi N., Madarshahian S., “Thermal Lens Spectrometry:Techniques and Instrumentation”, LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, 43-47, (2012).
4
[5] Le T., Mawatari K., Shimizu H., and Kitamori T., Detection of Zeptomole Quantities of Nonfluorescent Molecules in a 10 1 nm Nanochannel by thermal Lens Microscopy, Analyst, 139: 2721-2725 (2014).
5
[6] Pawliszyn J., “Sampling and Sample Preparation for Field and Laboratory: Fundamentals and New Directions in Sample Preparation”, Elsevier, (2002).
6
[7] Liu H., Huang L., Chen Y., Guo L., Li L., Zhou H., Luan T., Simultaneous Determination of Polycyclic Musks in Blood and Urine by Solid Supported Liquid–Liquid Extraction and Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Journal of Chromatography B, 992: 96-102 (2015).
7
[8] Radchenko V., Engle J.W., Wilson J.J., Massen J.R., Nortier F.M., Taylor W.A., Birnbaum E.R.,
8
Hudston L.A., John K.D., Fassbender M.E., Application of Ion Exchange and Extraction Chromatography to the Separation of Actinium from Proton-Irradiated Thorium Metal for Analytical Purposes, Journal of Chromatography A, 1380: 55-63 (2015).
9
[9] Heydari R., Hosseini M., Zarabi S., A Simple Method for Determination of Carmine in Food Samples Based on Cloud Point Extraction and Spectrophotometric Detection, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 150: 786-791 (2015).
10
[10] Qiu H., Sun D., Gunatilake S.R., She J., Mlsna T.E., Analysis of Trace Dicyandiamide in Stream Water Using Solid Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography UV Spectrometry, Journal of Environmental Sciences, 35: 38-42 (2015).
11
[11] Zdravkovic S.A., Solid Phase Extraction in Tandem with GC/MS for the Determination of Semi-Volatile Organic Substances Extracted from Pharmaceutical Packaging/Delivery Systems via Aqueous Solvent Systems, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 112: 126-138 (2015).
12
[12] Khajeh M., Kaykhaii M., Hashemi S.H., Shakeri M., Particle Swarm Optimization–Artificial Neural Network Modeling and Optimization of Leachable Zinc from Flour Samples by Miniaturized Homogenous Liquid–Liquid Microextraction, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 33(1): 32-38 (2014).
13
[13] Ebrahimzadeh H., Molaei K., Asgharinezhad A., Shekari N., Dehghani Z., Molecularly Imprinted Nano Particles Combined with Miniaturized Homogenous Liquid–Liquid Extraction for the Selective Extraction of Loratadine in Plasma and Urine Samples Followed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photo Diode Array Detection, Analytica Chimica Acta, 767: 155-162 (2013).
14
[14] Cai M-Q., Wei X-Q., Du C-H., Ma X-M., Jin M-C., Novel Amphiphilic Polymeric Ionic Liquid-Solid Phase Micro-Extraction Membrane for the Preconcentration of Aniline as Degradation Product of azo Dye Orange G under Sonication by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Journal of Chromatography A, 1349: 24-29 (2014).
15
[15] Rezaee M., Assadi Y., Hosseini M-RM., Aghaee E., Ahmadi F., Berijani S., Determination of Organic Compounds in Water Using Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction, Journal of Chromatography A, 1116(1-2): 1-9 (2006).
16
[16] Yang Z., Liu Y., Liu D., Zhou Z., Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Soil by Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and Gas Chromatography, Journal of Chromatographic Science, 50(1): 15-20 (2012).
17
[17] Kamarei F., Ebrahimzadeh H., Yamini Y., Optimization of Temperature-Controlled Ionic Liquid Dispersive Liquid Phase Microextraction Combined with High Performance Liquid Chromatography for Analysis of Chlorobenzenes in Water Samples, Talanta, 83(1): 36-41 (2010).
18
[18] Rodríguez-Cabo T., Ramil M., Rodríguez I., Cela R., Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction with Non-Halogenated Extractants for Trihalomethanes Determination in Tap and Swimming Pool Water, Talanta, 99: 846-852 (2012).
19
[19] Li X., Xue A., Chen H., Li S., Low-Density Solvent-Based Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Combined with Single-Drop Microextraction for the Fast Determination of Chlorophenols in Environmental Water Samples by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet Detection, Journal of Chromatography A, 1280: 9-15 (2013).
20
[20] Zhang Y., Duan J., He M., Chen B., Hu B., Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction Combined with Electrothermal Vaporization Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for the Speciation of Inorganic Selenium in Environmental Water Samples, Talanta, 115: 730-736 (2013).
21
[21] Trujillo-Rodríguez M.J., Rocío-Bautista P., Pino V., Afonso A.M., Ionic Liquids in Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction, TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 51: 87-106 (2013).
22
[22] Zhou Q., Zhao N., Xie G., Determination of Lead in Environmental Waters with Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Prior to Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 189(1-2): 48-53 (2011).
23
[23] Mirabi A., Dalirandeh Z., Rad A.S., Preparation of Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles as a Sorbent
24
for the Preconcentration and Determination of Cadmium Ions in Food and Environmental Water Samples Prior to Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 381: 138-144 (2015).
25
[24] Guzsvány V., Madžgalj A., Trebše P., Gaál F., Franko M., Determination of Selected Neonicotinoid Insecticides by Liquid Chromatography with Thermal Lens Spectrometric Detection, Environmental Chemistry Letters, 5(4): 203-208 (2007).
26
[25] Jalbani N., Soylak M., Ligandless Surfactant Mediated Solid Phase Extraction Combined with Fe3O4 Nano-Particle for the Preconcentration and Determination of Cadmium and Lead in Water and Soil Samples Followed by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry: Multivariate Strategy, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 102: 174-178 (2014).
27
[26] Anthemidis A.N., Ioannou K-IG., Development of a Sequential Injection Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction System for Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry by Using a Hydrophobic Sorbent Material: Determination of Lead and Cadmium in Natural Waters, Analytica Chimica Acta, 668(1): 35-40 (2010).
28
[27] Mashhadizadeh M.H., Karami Z., Solid Phase Extraction of Trace Amounts of Ag, Cd, Cu, and Zn in Environmental Samples Using Magnetic Nanoparticles Coated by 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-Propantiol and Modified with 2-amino-5-mercapto-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole and Their Determination by ICP-OES, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 190(1-3): 1023-1029 (2011).
29
[28] Franko M., Tran C.D., Thermal Lens Spectroscopy, In: “Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry: Applications, Theory and Instrumentation”, John Wiley & Sons (2010).
30
[29] Shokoufi N., Hamdamali A., Laser Induced-Thermal Lens Spectrometry in Combination with Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for Trace Analysis, Analytica Chimica Acta, 681(1-2): 56-62 (2010).
31
[30] Bialkowski S., “Photothermal Spectroscopy Methods for Chemical Analysis”, John Wiley & Sons, (1996).
32
[31] Ezoddin M., Shemirani F., Abdi K., Saghezchi M.K., Jamali M., Application of Modified Nano-Alumina as a Solid Phase Extraction Sorbent for the Preconcentration of Cd and Pb in Water and Herbal Samples Prior to Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Determination, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 178(1-3): 900-905 (2010).
33
[32] Gawin M., Konefał J., Trzewik B., et al., Preparation of a New Cd (II)-Imprinted Polymer and Its Application to Determination of Cadmium (II) via Flow-Injection-Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Talanta, 80(3): 1305-1310 (2010).
34
[33] Viitak A., Volynsky A.B., Simple Procedure for the Determination of Cd, Pb, As and Se in Biological Samples by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Using Colloidal Pd Modifier, Talanta, 70(4): 890-895 (2006).
35
[34] Myöhänen T., Mäntylahti V., Koivunen K., Matilainen R., Simultaneous Determination of As, Cd, Cr and Pb in aqua regia digests of soils and Sediments Using Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Fast Furnace Programs, Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 57(11): 1681-1688 (2002).
36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Biological Study from Ruta Plants Extracts Growing in Tunisia
Ruta species are known as a potential source of natural products with biological activities. They are used in several fields such as in therapeutic and traditional medicine. In order to contribute to the valorization of these plants, this work investigated the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oils of Ruta montana and Ruta gravelons growing in tunisia (north of tunisia). The total phenolic content of these two essential oils was also studied. The antibacterial activities of essential oils were assessed against Escherichia coli (ATCC7625), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC76110), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 7624), Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results show that the chemical composition of essential oils was dominated by 2-undecanone (86.77%), followed by 2-decanone (4.91%) and 2-nonanone (23.62%). Furthermore, the total phenolic content in essential oil of Ruta gravelons is more important than the total phenolic content in essential oil of Ruta montana. Indeed, the value of total phenolic content is 41.70 mg Gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry extract, in essential oil of Ruta gravelons but the total phenolic content in essential oil of Ruta montana is a 7.50 mg Gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry extract. Besides, the ruta montana essential oil has the most important antibacterial activity than the Ruta gravelons essential oil especially against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC76110) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 7624).
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_37124_022256d2e24c6f37fda800b57045d95f.pdf
2019-04-01
85
89
10.30492/ijcce.2019.37124
Ruta montana
Ruta gravelons
essential oil
Antibacterial
Bejaoui
Yosra
1
Laboratoire Matériaux Molécules et Applications (LMMA), IPEST, BP51, La Marsa 2070, TUNISIE
AUTHOR
Abderrabba
Manef
2
Laboratoire Matériaux Molécules et Applications (LMMA), IPEST, BP51, La Marsa 2070, TUNISIE
AUTHOR
Ayadi
Sameh
sameh_ayadi2003@yahoo.fr
3
Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Laboratoire Milieu Marin, Centre la Goulette, TUNISIE
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] Zeichen de sa. R., Rey A., Arganaraz E., Bindstein E., Perinatal Toxicology of Ruta Chalepensis (Rutaceae) in Mice, J Ethnopharmacol, 69(2): 93-98 ( 2000).
1
[2] Gonzalez-trujano M.E., Carrera D., Ventura-martinez R., Cedillo-Portugal E., Navarrete A., Neuropharmacological Profile of an Ethanol Extract of Ruta chalepensis L. in Mice, J. Ethnopharmacological, 106(1): 129-135 (2006).
2
[3] Albarici T.R., Vieira P.C., Fernandes J.B., Silva M.F.G., Pirani J.R., Cumarinas e Alcaloides de Rauia Resinosa (Rutaceae) [Coumarins and Alkaloids of Rauia Resinosa (Rutaceae)] Quimica Nova, 33: 2130-2134 (2010).
3
[4] França orlanda J.F., Nascimento A.R., Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Ruta graveolens L. (Rutaceae) Volatile Oils, from São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil South African Journal of Botany, 99: 103-106 (2015).
4
[5] Mejri J., Abderrabba M., Mejri M., Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Ruta chalepensis L: Influence of Drying, Hydro-Distillation Duration and Plant Parts, Industrial Crops and Products, 32(3): 671-673 (2010).
5
[6] Lauk L, Mangano K, Rapisarda A, Ragusa S, Maiolino L, Musumeci R, Costanzo R, Serra A, Speciale A, Protection Against Murine Endotoxemia by Treatment with Ruta Chalepensis L., a Plant with Anti-Inflammatory Properties J Ethnopharmacol, 90 (2-3): 267-272 (2004).
6
[7] Ratheesh M, Shyni G.I, Sindhu G, Helen A, Inhibitory Effect of Ruta graveolens L. on Oxidative Damage, Inflammation and Aortic Pathology in Hypercholesteromic Rats, Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 63(3): 285-290 (2011).
7
[8] Gardete S., Tomasz J., Mechanisms of Vancomycin Resistance in Staphylococcus Aureus, Journal of Clinical Investigation, 124(7): 2836-2840 (2014).
8
[9] Hnatyszyn O., Arenas P., Moreno A.R., Rondina R., Coussio J.D., Plantas Reguladoras de la Fecundided Segun la Medicina Folklorica, Rev. Soc. Cient. Paraguai, 14: 23-57 (1974).
9
[10] Chen C.C., Huang Y.L., Hunang F.I., Wang C.W., Water-Soluble Glycosides from Ruta Graveolens Journal of Natural Products, 64: 990-992 (2001).
10
[11] Ramezanpour S., Ardestani F., Asadollahzadeh M.J, Combination Effects of Zataria Multiflora, Laurus Nobilis and Chamaemelum Nobile Essences on Pathogenic E. coli and Determination of Optimum Formulation Using Fraction and Factorial Statistical Method, Iran. J. Med. Microbiol., 10(2):56-65 (2016).
11
[12] Marcous A., Rasouli S., Ardestani F., Low‐Density Polyethylene Films Loaded by Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles as a New Active Packaging System against Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Fresh Calf Minced Meat, Packaging Technology and Science, 30(11): 693-701 (2017).
12
[3] Viuda-Martos M., Mohamady M.A., Fermandez-Lopez J., Abd Elrazik K.A., Omer E.A., Perez-Alvarez J.A., In vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Essentials Oils Obtained from Egyptian Aromatic Plants, Food Control, 22(11): 1715-1722 (2011)
13
[14] Adams R.P, Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography /Mass Spectroscopy, J. American Society for Mass Spectrometry (2007).
14
[15] a) NCCLS, “Quality Control Values for Veterinary-Use Fluoroquinolones”, National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Stnadards, M100-511, Wayne, PA, USA (2001).
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b) Singleton.V.L, Rossi.J.A, Colorimetry of Total Phenolics with Phosphomolybdic-Phosphotungstic Acid Reagents American, Journal of Enology and viticulture, 16: 144-158 (1965)
16
[16] Dob T., Dahmane D., Gauriat-desrdy B., Daligault V., Volatile Constituents of the Essential Oil of Ruta chalepensis L. subsp. Angustifolia (Pers.) P. Cout. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 20(30): 306-309 (2008).
17
[17] Merghache S., Hamza M., Tabti B., Etude Physicochimique de l’huile Essentielle de Ruta Chalepensis L. de Tlemcen, Algérie, Afrique Science, 05 (1): 67-81 (2009).
18
[18] Haddouchi F., Zaouli Y., Ksouri R., Attou A., Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils from Four Ruta Species Growing in Algeria Food Chemistry, 141(1): 253-258 (2013)
19
[19] Lucia B., Renata A., Ernesto R., Concentration of Ruta graveolens Active Compounds Using SC-CO2 Extraction Coupled with Fractional Separation, The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 131: 82-86 (2018).
20
[20] Ouerghemmi I., Bettaieb Rebey I., Rahali F.Z., Bourgou S., Pistelli L., Ksouri R., Marzouk B., Tounsi Saidani M., Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Phenolic Compounds from Extracts of Cultivated and Wild-Grown Tunisian Ruta chalepensis, Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 25(2): 350-359 (2017).
21
[21] Diwan R., Shinde A., Malpathak N., Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Potential of Ruta graveolens L. In Vitro Culture Lines, J. Bot., 17: 1-6 (2012).
22
[22] Proestos C., Komaitis M., Ultrasonically Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds From Aromatic Plants: Comparison with Conventional Extraction Technics, J. Food Qual., 29: 567-582 (2006).
23
[23]Djerdane A., Yousf M., Nadjemi B., Boutassouna D., Stocker P., Vidal N., Antioxidant Activity of some Algerian Medicinal Plants Extracts Containing Phenolic Compounds, Food Chem., 97(4): 654-660 (2006).
24
[24] Delaquis P.J., Stanich K., Girard B., Mazza G., Antimicrobial Activity of Individual and Mixed Fractions of Dill, Cilantro, Coriander and Eucalyptus Essential Oils, International Journal of Food Microbiology,74(1-2): 306-309 (2002).
25
[25] Dorman H.J.D., Deans S.G, Antimicrobial Agents from Plants: Antibacterial Activity of Plant Volatile Oils, Journal of Applied Microbiology, 88 (2): 308-316 (2000).
26
[26] Ben-Bnina E., Hammami S., Daamii-remadi M., Ben jannet H., Mighiri Z., Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Effects of Tunisian Ruta Chalepensis L. Essential Oils, Journal de la Société Chimique de Tunisie, 12: 1-9 (2010).
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Biochar from Orange (citrus sinensis) Peels by Acid Activation for Methylene Blue Adsorption
In this work, orange (Citrus sinensis) peels biochar (OPBC) were prepared by one-step H2SO4 activation for Methylene Blue (MB) adsorption from aqueous solution. The physicochemical properties of OPBC were characterized using instrumental analyses such as CHNS-O analyzer, Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and point-of-zero charge (pHpzc) analysis. Batch mode adsorption study was conducted by varying operational parameters such as adsorbent dosage (0.02 – 0.20 g), solution pH (3 – 11), initial MB concentrations (50 – 300 mg/L), and contact time (0 – 1440 min). The equilibrium data was found to better fit with Langmuir isotherm model compare to Freundlich and Temkin models. The maximum adsorption capacity, qmax of OPBC for MB adsorption was 208.3 mg/g at 303 K. The kinetic study revealed that the present system obeyed Pseudo-Second-Order (PSO), model. The thermodynamic adsorption parameters such as standard enthalpy (ΔH°), standard entropy (ΔS°), and standard free energy (ΔG°) showed that the adsorption of MB onto OPBC surface endothermic in nature and spontaneous under the experimental conditions. All above-mentioned results indicate that the OPBC can feasibly employ for the elimination of MB from aqueous solution
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_30877_f4be83636a50c16150fd24b9003970be.pdf
2019-04-01
91
105
10.30492/ijcce.2019.30877
biochar
Orange peel
Chemical activation
Adsorption
Methylene blue
ALI H.
Jawad
ahjm72@gmail.com
1
School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, MALAYSIA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Dhafir T.A.
Al-Heetim
dhafir1973@gmail.com
2
Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science Ibn-Al Haitham, Baghdad University, IRAQ
AUTHOR
Ramlah
Abd Rashid
ramlahabdrashid@yahoo.com
3
School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, MALAYSIA
AUTHOR
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1
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2
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3
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13
by Microwave Induced NaOH Activation, Bioresour. Technol., 112: 143–150 (2012).
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[51] Jawad A.H., Ishak M.A.M., Farhan A.M., Ismail K., Response Surface Methodology Approach for Optimization of Color Removal and COD Reduction of Methylene Blue Using Microwave-Induced NaOH Activated Carbon from Biomass Waste, Desalin. Water Treat., 62: 208–220 (2017).
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of The Removal Of Blue Basic 41 and Methylene Blue From Aqueous Solution Using Rice Stems, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 34(3): 33-42 (2015).
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76
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Removal of Direct Red 81 from Aqueous Solution Using an Acidic Soil Containing Iron (Case Study of Lahijan Soil)
Direct Red 81, a dye widely used in textile industries, is frequently detected dye in water resources. High costs, the formation of hazardous byproducts, and high energy costs restrict the use of some removal methods. Therefore, the main objectives of this research are the feasibility of using soil containing iron as a low-cost adsorbent to remove (Direct Red 81) from the aqueous phase and determining the optimum conditions for maximum removal efficiency. The present study was conducted at a bench scale. The influence of different parameters including the number of adsorbents; initial concentration of dye solution and pH at different time intervals on dye removal efficiency were investigated. The maximum removal rate of dye (84%) occurred in pH=7 in the presence of 1 g soil with the initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L at 30 min reaction time. Moreover, due to the effect of acidic pH and the iron content of used soil, a significant increase was observed in the rate of Direct Red 81dye removal. In conclusion, using soil containing iron is an appropriate method for the removal of Direct Red 81 from aqueous solutions.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_31054_da011cf8648664565b53ce4d2c5efa14.pdf
2019-04-01
107
112
10.30492/ijcce.2019.31054
Adsorption
Dye removal
Direct Red 81
aqueous solution
Soil containing iron
Samaneh
Shahsavani
shahsavani.samaneh.1989@gmail.com
1
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Mansooreh
Dehghani
mandehghani@yahoo.com
2
Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Narges
Shamsedini
shams8575@yahoo.com
3
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
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[3] Dehghani M., Ansari Shiri M., Shahsavani S., Shamsedini N., Nozari M., Removal of Direct
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Red 81 Dye from Aqueous Solution Using Neutral Soil Containing Copper, Desalination and Water Treatment, 86: 213-220 (2017).
5
[4] Arami M., Yousefi Limaee N., Mahmoodi N.M., Salman Tabrizi N., Equilibrium and Kinetics Studies for the Adsorption of Direct and Acid Dyes from Aqueous Solution by Soy Meal Hull, Journal of Hazardous Materials. B, 135: 171-179 (2006).
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[8] Bahmani P., Rezaei Kalantary R., Esrafili A., Gholami M., Jonidi Jafari A., Evaluation of Fenton Oxidation Process Coupled with Biological Treatment for the Removal of Reactive Black 5 from Aqueous Solution, Journal of Environmental Health Sciences & Engineering, 11: 1-9 (2013).
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[14] Dehghani M., Shabestari R., Anushiravani A., Shamsedini N., Application of Electrocoagulation Process for Reactive Red 198 Dye Removal from the Aqueous Solution, Iranian Journal of Health Sciences, 2: 1-9 (2014).
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[15] Dehghani M., et al. Optimization of the Parameters Influencing the Photo-Fenton Process for the Decolorization of Reactive Red 198 (RR198), Jundishapur J Health Sci., 7: e28243 (2015).
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[16] Gulnaz O., Sahmurova A., Kama S., Removal of Reactive Red 198 from Aqueous Solution by Potamogeton Crispus, Chemical Engineering J., 174: 579-585 (2011).
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[17] Mehmood A., Bano Sh., Fahim A., Parveen R., Khurshid Sh., Efficient Removal of Crystal
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Violet and Eosin B from Aqueous Solution Using Syzygium Cumini Leaves: A Comparative Study of Acidic and Basic Dyes on a Single Adsorbent, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 32: 882-895 (2015).
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[18] Dehvari M., Ehrampoush M.H., Ghaneian M.T., Jamshidi B., Abatabaee M., Adsorption Kinetics
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and Equilibrium Studies of Reactive Red 198 Dye by Cuttlefish Bone Powder, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 36(2): 143-151(2017).
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[19] Dehghani M., Nasseri S., Hashemi H., Study of the Bioremediation of Atrazine under Variable Carbon and Nitrogen Sources by Mixed Bacterial Consortium Isolated from Corn Field Soil in Fars Province of Iran, J Environ Public Health, Article ID 973165 (2013).
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[22] Brusseau M.L., Rao P.S.C., Robert W., Gillham R.W., Sorption nonideality During Organic Contaminant Transport in Porous Media, Critical Reviews in Environmental Control, 19: 33-99 (1989).
26
[23] Saleem M., Pirzada T., Qadeer R., Sorption of Acid Violet 17 and Direct Red 80 Dyes on Cotton Fiber from Aqueous Solutions, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng., 292: 246-250 (2007).
27
[24] Doulati Ardejani F., Badii K.h., Yousefi Limaee N., Shafaei S.Z., Mirhabibi A.R., Adsorption of Direct Red 80 Dye from Aqueous Solution onto Almond Shells: Effect of pH, Initial Concentration and Shell Type, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 151: 730-737 (2008).
28
[25] Nemr A.E., Abdelwahab O., El-Sikaily A., Khaled K.h., Removal of Direct Blue-86 from Aqueous Solution by New Activated Carbon Developed from Orange Peel, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161: 102-110 (2009).
29
[26] Mishra S.P., Adsorption–Desorption of Heavy Metal Ions, Current Science, 107:601-612 (2014).
30
[27] American Public Health Association, "Standards Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewaters", 20th ed. Washington DC, American Public Health Association, (2005).
31
[28] Thomas G.W., Soil pH and Soil Acidity, in: "Methods of Soil Analysis" (ed. Sparks, D. L.) SSSA Book Series: 457–490 (1996).
32
[29] Darrel W.N., Nelson L.E., Total Carbon, Organic Carbon, and Organic Matter, In "Methods of Soil Analysis" (ed. Sparks, D. L.) SSSA Book Series 5: 982–99 (1996).
33
[30] Summer M.E. and Miller W.P., Cation Exchange Capacity and Exchange Coefficient, In "Methods of Soil Analysis" (ed. Sparks, D. L.) SSSA Book Series 5: 1205- 1230 (1996).
34
[31] Rhoades J.D., Salinity Electrical Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids. In "Methods of Soil Analysis" (ed. Sparks, D. L.) SSSA Book Series 5: 417- 436 (1996).
35
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Application of Electrocoagulation Process for the Removal of Acid Orange 5 in Synthetic Wastewater
IIn this study, the Electro Coagulation (EC) was used for the removal of acid orange 5 from synthetic wastewater in a batch electrochemical reactor. The impact of the operational variables such as current density, initial pH, time of electrolysis, and initial concentration of the dye was investigated. The results showed that the optimum conditions were obtained at initial pH of 7, current density at 2 mA/cm2, 60 mg/lit of Acid orange 5 and time of reaction at 60 min. At optimum conditions, the removal efficiency of acid orange 5 and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were 99.3 and 85.5%, respectively. The kinetic study showed that the removal reaction was first order and the rate constant and half-life of reaction were obtained.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_30593_1190368a77567ed03bdd38071beca79f.pdf
2019-04-01
113
119
10.30492/ijcce.2019.30593
Electro coagulation (EC)
Acid orange 5
Electrochemical reactor
current density
Chemical oxygen demand (COD)
Aref
Shokri
aref.shokri3@gmail.com
1
Young Researchers and Elite Club, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] Eren Z., Ultrasound as a Basic and Auxiliary Process for Dye Remediation: A Review, J. Environ. Manage., 104: 127–141(2012).
1
[2] Wu J., Liu F., Zhang H., Zhang J.H., Li L., Decolorization of CI Reactive Black 8 by Electrochemical Process with/without Ultrasonic Irradiation, Desalin. Water Treat., 44: 36–43(2012).
2
[3] Shokri A., Employing electrocoagulation for the removal of Acid Red 182 in aqueous environment by using Box-Behenken design method, Desal. Water Treat., 115:281-287(2018).
3
[4] Shokri A., Removal of Acid red 33 from aqueous solution by Fenton and photo Fenton processes, J. Chem. Health Risks, 7: 119–131(2017).
4
[5] Khandegar V., Saroha Anil K., Electrocoagulation for the Treatment of Textile Industry Effluent–
5
A Review, J. Environ. Manage., 128: 949–963(2013).
6
[6] Mollah M.Y.A., Gomes J.A.G., Dasc K.K., Cocke D.L., Electrochemical Treatment of Orange II Dye Solution-Use of Aluminum Sacrificial Electrodes and Floc Characterization. J. Hazard. Mater., 174: 851–858 (2010).
7
[7] Gourich B.A., Sekki K., Madani M., Chibane, Removal Turbidity and Separation of Heavy Metals Using Electrocoagulation–Electroflotation Technique: A Case Study, J. Hazard. Mater., 164: 215–222 (2009).
8
[8] Khosravi R., Hossini H., Heidari M., Fazlzadeh M., Biglari H., Taghizadeh, A., Barikbin B., Electrochemical Decolorization of Reactive Dye from Synthetic Wastewater by Mono-Polar Aluminum Electrodes System, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 12: 4745–4755(2017).
9
[9] Shokri A., The treatment of spent caustic in the wastewater of olefin units by ozonation followed by electrocoagulation process, Desainl. Water Trea., 111: 173-182(2018).
10
[10] Gengec E., Treatment of highly Toxic Cardboard Plant Wastewater by a Combination of Electrocoagulation and Electrooxidation Processes, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 145: 184–192(2017).
11
[11] Shokri A., Degradation of 2-Nitrophenol from Petrochemical Wastewater by Ozone, Russ. J. Appl. Chem., 88: 2038−2043 (2015).
12
[12] Yılmaz A.E., Boncukcuoglu R., Kocakerim M.M., Kocadagistan E, An Empirical Model for Kinetics of Boron Removal from Boron Containing Wastewaters by the Electrocoagulation Method in a Batch Reactor, Desalination, 230: 288–297(2008).
13
[13] Bayramoglu M., Eyvaz M., Kobya M., Treatment of the Textile Wastewater by Electro Coagulation: Economical Evaluation, Chem. Eng. J., 128: 155–161 (2007).
14
[14] Adhoum N., Monser L., Decolourization and Removal of Phenolic Compounds from Olive Mill Wastewater by Electrocoagulation, Chem. Eng. Process., 43:1281–1287(2004).
15
[15] Hakizimana J.N., Gourich B., Chafi M., Stiriba Y., Vial C., Drogui P., Naja J., Electrocoagulation Process in Water Treatment: A Review of Electrocoagulation Modeling Approaches, Desalination, 404 (2017) 1–21(2017).
16
[16] Essadki A.H., Bennajah M., Gourich B., Vial C.h., Azzi M., Delmas H., Electrocoagulation/ Electrofloatation in an External-Loop Airlift Reactor—Application to the Decolorization of Textile Dye Wastewater: a Case Study, Chem Eng. Process, 47:1211–1223(2008).
17
[17] Alizadeh M., Ghahramani E., Zarrabi M., Hashemi S., Efficient De-colorization of Methylene Blue by Electro-coagulation Method: Comparison of Iron and Aluminum Electrode, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 34(1) 39-47 (2015).
18
[18] Vik E.A., Carlson D.A., Eikum A.S., Gjessing E.T., Electrocoagulation of Potable Water, Water Res., 18: 1355–1360(1984).
19
[19] Demirbas E., Kobya M., Operating cost and Treatment of Metalworking Fluid Wastewater by Chemical Coagulation and Electrocoagulation Processes, Process Saf. Environ. Prot., 105: 79–90(2017).
20
[20] Bazrafshan E., Biglari H., Mahvi A.H., Humic Acid Removal from Aqueous Environments by Electrocoagulation Process Using Iron Electrodes, J. Chem., 9: 2453–2461(2012).
21
[21] Kobya M., Hiz H., Senturk E., Aydiner C., Demirbas E., Treatment of Potato Chips Manufacturing Wastewater by Electrocoagulation, Desalination, 190: 201–211 (2006).
22
[22] Modirshahla N., Behnajady M.A., Mohammadi-Aghdam S., Investigation of the Effect of Different Electrodes and Their Connections on the Removal Efficiency of 4-Nitrophenol from Aqueous Solution by Electrocoagulation, J. Hazard. Mater., 154: 778–786 (2008).
23
[23] Daneshvar N., Khataee A.R., Amani Ghadim A.R., RasoulifardM.H., Decolorization of C.I. Acid Yellow 23 Solution by Electrocoagulation Process: Investigation of Operational Parameters and Evaluation of Specific Electrical Energy Consumption (SEEC), J. Hazard. Mater., 148: 566–572(2007).
24
[24] Shokri A., Mahanpoor K., Degradation of Ortho-Toluidine from aqueous solution by the TiO2/O3 process, Int. J. Ind. Chem., 8:101–108(2017).
25
[25] Shokri A., Investigation of UV/H2O2 Process for Removal of Ortho-Toluidine from Industrial Wastewater by Response Surface Methodology Based on the Central Composite Design, Desalin. Water Treat., 58: 258–266(2017).
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Anode Slime Gained During Electrolysis Process of Secondary Copper Anodes
The aim of this research is to get a better understanding of the electrolytic refining process in order to yield the anode slime. Three types of secondary copper anodes are electro refined in an electrolytic system, where the electrolyte is an acid of copper sulphate solution. As a result of the electro-refining process the anode slime has been gained as secondary product. The experimental research analysis of anode slime composition is done by two methods: X-Ray Fluorescent (XRF) method which is realized with the help of Thermoscientic Nitro XL 3t device and as second method X-Rays Diffractometry (XRD) is used, which is realized with the help of D8 Advance Bruker AXS equipment. The anode slime introduces a multi-component secondary product of electrolytic refining process of metals composed of insoluble components of Cu, Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Ir, etc. The composition of the anode slimes varies according to the composition of the anodes. The qualitative preparation of raw material – anode slime of secondary Cu and its rational utilization will result in the optimization of the process of gaining metals for which it is dedicated. This study has shown that the anode slime contains gold, silver and platinum group of metals and these metals can be recovered.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_37127_984db335c8b817a5ed2741f713922e08.pdf
2019-04-01
121
126
10.30492/ijcce.2019.37127
Anode slime
copper
Gold
Silver
PGM
Electrorefining
Nurten
Deva
nurtendeva@hotmail.com
1
University of Mitrovica, Geoscinces Faculty.Department of Materials and Metallurgy, Republic of KOSOVO
LEAD_AUTHOR
Musa
Rizaj
mrizaj@hotmail.com
2
University of Mitrovica, Geoscinces Faculty.Department of Materials and Metallurgy, Republic of KOSOVO
AUTHOR
Ismail
Duman
iduman@itu.edu.tr
3
Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, TURKEY
AUTHOR
Florian
Kongoli
secretary@flogen.com
4
Flogen Technologies Inc., 1255 Laird Blvd., Quebec, H3P2T1, CANADA
AUTHOR
[1] Truelsen H., Ruhl B., Schulte A., Comparison of Modern Electrolytic Copper Refining Concepts Erzmetall, 38,581 (1985)
1
[2] Petkova, E. N., Hypothesis about the Origin of Copper Electrorefining Slime, Hydrometallurgy, 25: 343±58 (1994).
2
[3] Scott J.D., Electrometallurgy of Copper Refinery Anode Slimes, Metall. Trans. B, 21: 629-635 (1990).
3
[4] Deva N., “Separation of Au, Ag, Pl, Pd and Ir from Secondary Copper Originated Anode Slime”, PhD Thesis, University of Pristina, Kosova, (2013).
4
[5] Amer A.M., Processing of Copper anode-Slimes for Extraction of Metal Values, Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing, 36: 123-134 (2002).
5
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Electrochemical Behavior of Al Alloys in NaCl Solution in the Presence of Pyrazole Derivative
This paper studies the corrosion inhibition of Al-Mg alloy system in 0.5 mol/dm3 NaCl solution in the presence of pyrazole derivative using potentiodynamic polarization and linear polarization method. The inhibition efficiency as a function of concentration and temperature was investigated. From the polarization curves, it can be concluded that the pyrazole derivative behaves like a mixed inhibitor. It has been shown that the efficiency of the inhibitor increases with increasing concentration and with increasing temperature and it indicates a chemisorption process. It was concluded that the pyrazole derivative adsorbed on the electrode blocks the active surface sites and reduces the corrosion rate. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption process were determined. The relatively low efficiency of the inhibitor at room temperature could be an indicator of increased desorption in the adsorption-desorption equilibrium process. With increasing temperature the equilibrium is shifted in the direction of adsorption, causing an increasing inefficiency. Also, the positive values of equilibrium adsorption constant Kads indicate chemisorption of the pyrazole derivative on the alloy surface. The values of the activation energy in the presence of inhibitor were lower than in the uninhibited solution, which also indicates the chemical adsorption. Negative values of adsorption free energy ΔGads show that the adsorption process is spontaneous.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_30659_9429168574caf2c84c846055ffe67e7c.pdf
2019-04-01
127
138
10.30492/ijcce.2019.30659
corrosion rate
pyrazole derivative
inhibition efficiency
Adsorption isotherms
Veselinka
Grudic
grudicv@ac.me
1
Faculty of Metallurgy and Technology, University of Montenegro, Džordža Vašingtona bb, 81000 Podgorica, MONTENEGRO
AUTHOR
Ivana
Boskovic
ivabo@ucg.ac.me
2
Faculty of Metallurgy and Technology, University of Montenegro, Džordža Vašingtona bb, 81000 Podgorica, MONTENEGRO
LEAD_AUTHOR
Dragan
Radonjic
dragan@ac.me
3
Faculty of Metallurgy and Technology, University of Montenegro, Džordža Vašingtona bb, 81000 Podgorica, MONTENEGRO
AUTHOR
Zeljko
Jacimovic
zeljkoj@ac.me
4
Faculty of Metallurgy and Technology, University of Montenegro, Džordža Vašingtona bb, 81000 Podgorica, MONTENEGRO
AUTHOR
Bojana
Knezevic
bojana.r.knezevic@gmail.com
5
Faculty of Metallurgy and Technology, University of Montenegro, Džordža Vašingtona bb, 81000 Podgorica, MONTENEGRO
AUTHOR
[1] Davis J.R., “Corrosion of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys”, 1st ed.; ASM International: Materials Park, OH, USA, 1999.
1
[2] Hasenay D., Seruga M., The Growth Kinetics and Properties of Potentiodynamically Formed Thin Oxide Films on Aluminum in Citric Acid Solutions, J. Appl. Electrochem., 37: 1001–1008 (2007).
2
[3] Abdel Rehim S.S., Hassan H.H., Amin M.A., Chronoamperometric Studies of Pitting Corrosion of Al and (Al–Si) Alloys by Halide Ions in Neutral Sulphate Solutions, Corros. Sci., 46 (8): 1921–1938 (2004).
3
[4] Jaćimović Ž.K., Latinović N., Bošković I. and Tomić Z., The Influence of a Newly Synthesized Zn(II)
4
and Cu(II) Complexes based on Pyrazole Derivatives on the Inhibition of Phomopsis Viticola Sacc.(Sacc.) under Laboratory Conditions, Res. J. Chem. Environ., 17(10): 23-27(2013)
5
[5] Wang Z., The Inhibition Effect of Bis-Benzimidazole Compound for Mild Steel in 0.5 M HCl
6
Solution, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 7: 11149–11160 (2012).
7
[6] Louadi Y.E.,Abrigach F., Bouyanzer A.,Touzani R., El Assyry A.,Zarrouk A., Hammouti B., Theoretical and Experimental Studies on the CorrosionInhibition Potentials of Two Tetrakis Pyrazole Derivatives forMild Steel in 1.0 M HCl, Port. Electrochim. Acta,35(3): 159-178 (2017).
8
[7] EL Arouji S., Alaoui Ismaili K., Zerrouki A., El Kadiri S., Rais Z., Filali Baba M.,Taleb M., Emran K.M., Zarrouk A., Aounit A., Hammouti B., Inhibition Effects of a New Syntheses Pyrazole Derivative on the Corrosion Ofmild Steel in Sulfuric Acid Solution, Der Pharma Chemica, 7(10): 67-76 (2015).
9
[8] Abdel Hameed R.S., Al-Shafey H. I., Abul Magd A.S., Shehata H.A., Pyrazole Derivatives as Corrosion Inhibitor for C- Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Medium, J. Mater. Environ. Sci., 3(2): 294-305 (2012).
10
[9] Ahamad W.I., Prasad R., Quraishi M.A., Inhibition of Mild Steel Corrosion in Acidic Solution by Pheniramine Drug: Experimental and Theoretical Study, Corros. Sci., 52:3033–3041 (2010).
11
[10] Halambek J., Bubalo M.C., Redovniković I.R., Berković K., Corrosion Inhibition of AA 5052 Aluminum Alloy in NaCl Solution by Different Types of Honey, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 9: 5496 (2014).
12
[11] Yadav M., Kumar S., Behera D., Bahadur I., Ramjugernath D., Electrochemical and Quantum Chemical Studies on Adsorption and Corrosion Inhibition Performance of Quinoline-Thiazole Derivatives on Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 9: 5235–5257 (2014).
13
[12] Fragoza - Mar L., Olivares-Xometl O., Domínguez - Aguilar M.A., Flores E.A., Arellanes-Lozada P., Jimenez-Cruz F., Adsorption Properties and Inhibition of C38 Steel Corrosion in Hydrochloric Solution by Some Indole Derivates: Temperature Effect, Activation Energies and Thermodynamics of Adsorption, Corros. Sci., 61: 171–184 (2012).
14
[13] Behpour M., Ghoreishi S. M., Soltani N., Salavati- Niasari M., Hamadanian M. and Gandomi A., Electrochemical and Theoretical Investigation on the Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel by Thiosalicylaldehyde Derivatives in Hydrochloric Acid Solution, Corros. Sci., 50(8): 2172-2181 (2008).
15
[14] Wang X., Wang Y.g, YGu, Y.M.A, F. Hi S., Nui W., Wang Q., Inhibition and Adsorptive Behavior of Synthesized 1,4-bis (2-benzimidazolyl) Benzene on Mild Steel in 3 M HCl Solution, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 9: 1840–1853 (2014).
16
[15] Yadav M., Kumar S., Behera D Bahadur, Deresh Ramjugernath I., Electrochemical and Quantum Chemical Studies on Adsorption and Corrosion Inhibition Performance of Quinoline-Thiazole Derivatives on Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 9: 5235 -5257 (2014).
17
[16] Singh A.K., Quraishi M.A., Effect of Cefazolin on the Corrosion of Mild Steel in HCl Solution, Corros. Sci. 52: 152–160 (2010).
18
[17] Fu J., Pan J., Liu Z., Li S., Wang Y., Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel by Benzopyranone Derivative in 1.0 M HCl Solutions, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 6: 2072–2089 (2011).
19
[18] Ramesh S.V., Adhikari V., Electrochemical and Quantum Chemical Studies on Adsorption and Corrosion Inhibition Performance of Quinoline -Thiazole Derivatives on Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution, Bull. Mater.Sci., 31: 699−711 (2007).
20
[19] Doner A., Solmaz R., Ozcan M., Kardas G., Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Thiazoles as Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in Sulphuric Acid Solution, Corros. Sci., 53: 2902–2913 (2011).
21
[20] Wang F.P., Kang W.L., Jin H.M., "Corrosion Electrochemistry Mechanism, Methods and Applications, Chemical Industrial Engineering Press", Beijing, China (2008).
22
[21] Oguzie E.E., Okolue B.N., Ebenso E.E., Onuoha G.N., Onuchukwu A.I., Evaluation of the Inhibitory Effect of Methylene Blue Dye on the Corrosion of Aluminium in Hydrochloric Acid, Mater. Chem. Phys., 87: 394–401 (2004).
23
[22] Zarrouk A., Warad I., Hammouti B., Dafali A., Al-Deyab S.S., Benchat N., The effect of Temperature on the Corrosion of Cu/HNO3 in the Presence of Organic Inhibitor: part-2, Int. J. of Electrochem. Sci., 5(10): 1516–1526 (2010).
24
[23] Arenos M.A., Bethencourt M., Botana F.G., Domborenena J., Marcos M., Inhibition of 5083 Aluminum Alloy and Galvanised Steel by Lanthanide Salts, Corros. Sci., 43: 157–170 (2001).
25
[24] Halambek J., Cvjetko Bubalo M., Radojčić Redovniković I., Berković K., Corrosion Behaviour of Aluminum and AA5754 Alloy in 1% Acetic Acid Solution in Presence of Laurel Oil, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 9: 5496 – 5506 (2014).
26
[25] Adejo S. O. and Ekwenchi M. M., Proposing a New Empirical Adsorption Isotherm known as Adejo-Ekwenchi Isotherm, J. of Appl. Chem., 6(5): 66-71 (2014).
27
[26] Umoren S.A., Li Y., Wang F.H., Electrochemical Study of Corrosion Inhibition and Adsorption Behavior for Pure Iron by Polyacrylamide in H2SO4: Synergistic Effect of Iodide Ions, Corros. Sci., 52: 1777–1786 (2010)
28
[27] Eddy N. O. and Mamza P. A. P., Inhibitive and Adsorption Properties of Ethanol Extract of Seeds and Leaves of Azardirachta Indica on the Corrosion of Mild Steel in H2SO4, Portugal. Electrochim. Acta, 27(4): 443-456 (2009).
29
[28] Umoren, S. A.; Obot, I. B. and Igwe, I. O., Synergistic Inhibition between Polyvinylpyrollidone and Iodide Ions on Corrosion of Aluminum in HCl, The Open Corrosion Journal, 2: 1‑5 (2009).
30
[29] Popova A., Christov M., Vasilev A. and Zwetanova A., Mono-and Dicationic Benzothiazolic Quaternary Ammonium Bromides as Mild Steel Corrosion Inhibitors. Part I: Gravimetric and Voltammetric Results, Corros. Sci., 53: 679-680 (2011).
31
[30] Daoud D., Douadi T., Issaadi S., Chafaa S., Adsorption and Corrosion Inhibition of New Synthesized Thiophene Schiff Base on Mild Steel X52 in HCl and H2SO4 Solutions, Corros. Sci. 79: 50–58 (2014).
32
[31] Branzoi V., Branzoi F., Baibarac M., The Inhibition of the Corrosion of Armco iron in HCl Solutions
33
in the Presence of Surfactants of the Type of N-Alkyl Quaternary Ammonium Salts, Mater. Chem. Phys., 65: 288−297 (2000).
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Chemical Constituents and Antioxidant Capacity of Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum sanctum
The chemical constituents of leaves, inflorescence, and flowers from Ocimum basilicum (Thai basil) and Ocimum sanctum (Holy basil) were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The chemical compounds were extracted by hydrodistillation, headspace-solid phase microextraction, and solvent extraction. The main constituents of Ocimum basilicum were identified to consist of estragole (> 35.71%), (E)-β-ocimene (> 1.47%), trans-α-bergamotene (> 0.83%), τ-cadinol (> 0.41%) eucalyptol (> 0.25%) and α-caryophyllene (> 0.07%) while Ocimum sanctum consists mainly of eugenol methyl ether (> 34.34%), (E)-caryophyllene (> 7.91%), germacrene D (> 5.58%), β-elemene (> 4.22%) and copaene (> 1.49%). Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum sanctum leaves contain more chemical constituents followed by inflorescence and flowers. The genetic distance between the two species was calculated to investigate the interspecies relationship and it is 2.86. The calculated genetic distance between the two species showed that Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum sanctum are closely related species and share some of the same traits. The methanol and dichloromethane extracts of Ocimum basilicum leaves showed an IC50 value of 88 μg/mL and 1178 μg/mL, respectively, while the methanol and dichloromethane extract of Ocimum sanctum showed a higher 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil free radicals scavenging activities with an IC50 value of 11 μg/mL and 369 μg/mL, respectively. The natural antioxidant level Ocimum sanctum and Ocimum basilicum indicated that they can be used effectively in food preservation.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_30660_2eeebe3d46e59494a8dd3a36803a0a00.pdf
2019-04-01
139
152
10.30492/ijcce.2019.30660
Ocimum basilicum
Ocimum sanctum
Free radical scavenging activity
Chemical constituents
Genetic distance
Khairun Fadila
Saaban
khairunfadila_saaban@yahoo.com.my
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
AUTHOR
Chun Hui
Ang
ach870209@hotmail.com
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
AUTHOR
Cheng Hock
Chuah
chchuah@um.edu.my
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
AUTHOR
Sook Mei
Khor
naomikhor@um.edu.my
4
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] Labra M., Miele M., Ledda B., Grassi F., Mazzei M., Sala F., Morphological Characterization, Essential Oil Composition and DNA Genotyping of Ocimum basilicum L. Cultivars, Plant Science, 167(4): 725-731 (2004).
1
[2] Hiltunen R., Holm Y., “Basil: The Genus Ocimum”, Harwood Academic, Amsterdam (1999).
2
[3] Makri O., Kintzios S., Ocimum sp. (basil): Botany, Cultivation, Pharmaceutical Properties, and Biotechnology, Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants, 13(3): 123-150 (2008).
3
[4] Guenther E., Althausen D., “The Essential Oils”, Van Nostrand, New York (1952).
4
[5] Fathiazad F., Matlobi A., Khorrami A., Hamedeyazdan S., Soraya H., Hammami M., Maleki-Dizaji N., Garjani A., Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Cardioprotective Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Ocimum basilicum L. (basil) Aagainst Isoproterenol Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats, DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20(1): 1-10 (2012).
5
[6] Umar A., Imam G., Yimin W., Kerim P., Tohti I., Berké B., Moore N., Antihypertensive Effects of Ocimum basilicum L. (OBL) on Blood Pressure in Renovascular Hypertensive Rats, Hypertension research, 33(7): 727-730 (2010).
6
[7] Cohen M., Tulsi-Ocimum sanctum: A Herb for All Reasons, Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 5(4): 251-259 (2014).
7
[8] Mohan L., Amberkar M.V., Kumari M., Ocimum sanctum Linn (Tulsi)—An Overview, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 7(1): 51-53 (2011).
8
[9] Singh S., Majumdar D.K., Rehan, H.M.S., Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Fixed Oil of Ocimum sanctum (Holybasil) and Its Possible Mechanism of Action, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 54(1): 19-26 (1996).
9
[10] Brand-Williams W., Cuvelier M.E., Berset C.,
10
Use of a Free Radical Method to Evaluate Antioxidant Activity, LWT - Food Science and Technology, 28(1): 25–30 (1995).
11
[11] Chan H.W.S, “Autoxidation of Unsaturated Lipids”, Academic Press, London (1987).
12
[12] Namiki M., Antioxidants/Antimutagens in Food, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 29(4): 273-300 (1990).
13
[13] Ames B.N., Gold L.S., Willet W.C., “The Causes and Prevention of Cancer”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 92(12): 5258-5265 (1995).
14
[14] Kaur C., Kapoor H.C., Antioxidants in Fruits and Vegetables - The Millennium’s Health, International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 36(7): 703-725 (2001).
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56
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Fatty Acid Composition and Mineral Contents of Pea Genotype Seeds
Metal, non-metal and and heavy metal contents of different pea genotype seeds were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). For all genotypes, significant differences were observed in the mineral contents. Potassium was the most abundant element, ranged from 10146.13 mg/kg (PS3048) to 13171.97 mg/kg (PS3053) (Table 1). In addition, the phosphor content of pea seeds was found between 4004.31 mg/kg (PS 30100) and 5651.27 mg/kg (PS 3057). These pea genotypes contained 1562.32 mg/kg to 2034.28 mg/kg magnesium. Zinc contetns of pea samples changed between 29.66 mg/kg (PS 3055) and 67.81 mg/kg (PS 4053 B). The oil contents of pea samples ranged from 0.84% (PS4053 B) to 3.59% (PS 3055). Oleic acid is predominant fatty acid 12.95% to 45.02% followed by palmitic 13.68% to 77.28%, stearic (1.66% to 15.99%) acids. The highest oleic acid was found in PS3048 genotype (45.02%). The highest palmitic acid was found in PS4021 pea sample (77.28%). The current study contributes to the available information concerning the composition of several pea genotypes grown in Turkey. Fatty Acid Composition and Mineral Contents of Pea Genotype Seeds
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_33247_454429d65ecc709ed7e9a85cffa873a4.pdf
2019-04-01
153
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10.30492/ijcce.2019.33247
Key words: pea
genotypes
oil
Protein
mineral
fatty acid composition
GC
ICP-AES
Rahim
Ada
1
Department of Field Crops, Agricultural Faculty, Selcuk University, 42075 Konya, TURKEY
AUTHOR
Ercan
Ceyhan
akkuyu34@hotmail.com
2
Department of Field Crops, Agricultural Faculty, Selcuk University, 42075 Konya, TURKEY
AUTHOR
Şadiye Ayşe
Çelik
3
Department of Field Crops, Agricultural Faculty, Selcuk University, 42075 Konya, TURKEY
AUTHOR
Mustafa
Harmankaya
4
Department of Soil Science and Plant Fertilization, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, 42031 Konya, TURKEY
AUTHOR
Mehmet Musa
Özcan
mozcan@selcuk.edu.tr
5
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Selçuk, Konya, TURKEY
LEAD_AUTHOR
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34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Survival of Probiotics in Synbiotic Apple Juice During Refrigeration and Subsequent Exposure to Simulated Gastro-Intestinal Conditions
The aim of this work was to produce synbiotic apple juice and investigate the survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum in apple juice during the refrigerated storage (4 °C) for 42 days and then the ability of the mentioned probiotic bacteria in gastrointestinal tolerance under gastrointestinal tract conditions, with simulated gastric and bile juices. Eight-treatment combination Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the influence of seven variables such as probiotic strain, inoculum size, fructooligosaccharide content, inulin concentration, patulin content, ascorbic and citric acids concentration on the viability of mentioned probiotic strains. The results showed that the survivability of probiotics in apple juice depends significantly (P ≤ 0.05) on the inoculum size, inulin concentration, kind of probiotic strain, and ascorbic and citric acids’ concentration, respectively. The highest viability was achieved by inoculation of 108 CFU/mL of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 to the apple juice contaminated with 110 µg/L patulin content, containing 2.5% (w/v) inulin, 4 g/L citric acid, and 200 mg/L ascorbic acid. No significant difference was observed in the organoleptic properties of the synbiotic apple juice and the control sample. After sequential incubation in the simulated gastric (2 h) and intestinal juices (pH 7.4, 2 h), the highest number of surviving cells was around 3.5 log (CFU/mL).
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_30783_359de7eba9654a267ec5a238defe494b.pdf
2019-04-01
159
170
10.30492/ijcce.2019.30783
Viability
Probiotic
Functional food
Prebiotic
Simulated gastro-intestinal juices
Alaleh
Zoghi
alaleh_zo@yahoo.com
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Kianoush
Khosravi-Darani
kiankh@yahoo.com
2
Research Department of Food Technology, National Nutrition and food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19395-4741 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sara
Sohrabvandi
sohrabv@ut.ac.ir
3
Research Department of Food Technology, National Nutrition and food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19395-4741 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Hosein
Attar
attar.h@gmail.com
4
Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Sayed Abolhasan
Alavi
alavi.ab@gmail.com
5
Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
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[35] Tripathi M.K., Giri S.K., Probiotic Functional Foods: Survival of Probiotics During Processing and Storage, J. Funct. Foods, 9: 225–241 (2014).
37
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38
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39
[38] Topcu A., Bulat T., Wishah R., Boyaci I.H., Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 and Patulin by Entrococcus Faecium Strains, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 139: 202–205 (2010).
40
[39] Cruz A.G., Cadena R.S., Castro W.F., Esmerino E.A., Rodrigues J.B., Gaze L., Faria J.A.F., Freitas M.Q., Deliza R., Bolini H.M.A., Consumer Perception of Probiotic Yogurt: Performance of Check All That Apply (CATA), Projective Mapping, Sorting and Intensity Scale, Food Res. Int., 54(1): 601-610 (2013).
41
[40] Gaze L.V., Oliveira B.R., Ferrao L.L., Granato D., Cavalcanti R.N., Conte Júnior C.A., Cruz A.G., Freitas M.Q., Preference Mapping of Dulce De Leche Commercialized in Brazilian Markets, J. Dairy Sci., 98(3): 1443-1454 (2015).
42
[41] Torres F.R., Esmerino E.A., Thomas Carr B., Ferrão L.L., Granato D., Pimentel T.C., Bolini H.M.A., Freitas M.Q., Cruz A.G., Rapid Consumer-Based Sensory Characterization of Requeijão Cremoso,
43
A Spreadable Processed Cheese: Performance of New Statistical Approaches to Evaluate Check-All-That-Apply Data, J. Dairy Sci., 100(8): 6100-6110 (2017).
44
[42] Oliveira E.W., Esmerino E.A., Thomas Carr B., Pinto L.P.F., Silva H.L.A., Pimentel T.C., Bolini H.M.A., Cruz A.G., Freitas M.Q., Reformulating Minas Frescal Cheese Using Consumers' Perceptions: Insights From Intensity Scales and Check-All-That-Apply Questionnaires, J. Dairy Sci., 100(8): 6111-6124 (2017).
45
[43] Ehsani J., Mohsenzadeh M., Khomeiri M., Ghasemnezhad A., Chemical Characteristics, and Effect of Inulin Extracted Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) Root on Biochemical Properties of Synbiotic Yogurt at the End of Fermentation, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), Article in Press, (2017).
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47
of a Prebiotic Beverage From Apple Fermented with Lactobacillus Casei, Eng. Life Sci., 12: 1–11 (2012).
48
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Physicochemical, Sensorial and Microbiological Attributes of Fermented Camel Sausages
Probiotic fermented sausages are safe and healthy meat products. Semi-dry fermented sausages were manufactured from camel meat inoculated with Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus paracasei and control. All treatments were analyzed for the physico-chemical characteristics (Protein, Moisture, Fat, Ash, Lactic acid value and pH), microbiological features (total aerobic, total mold and yeast and lactic acid bacteria count) and sensory evaluation (color, flavor, texture and overall acceptability) after 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 45 days of refrigerated storage at 4°C. The microbial analysis demonstrated the predominance of lactic acid bacteria in semi-dry fermented sausage during the cold storage which reached (8.07) log CFU/g in samples inoculated with Lactobacillus paracasei at 4°C for 45 days. Chemical analysis of semi-dry fermented sausage showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in moisture content which decreases in all samples during the period of cold storage. However, all other parameters such as protein, fat, and ash increased. The dropped in pH value in all samples because of producing lactic acid during the fermentation by lactic acid bacteria. Physicochemical, microbial and sensory characteristics of fermented sausage inoculated with Lactobacillus paracaseiare found to be better than other ones. Also, we could preserve the product at 4°C for 45 days. The sensory evaluation has appeared superiority in the semi-dry fermented sausage that had Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus paracasei compared with control.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_30665_d6ca3ba13cb406fe761526883c62bc28.pdf
2019-04-01
171
181
10.30492/ijcce.2019.30665
Lactic acid bacteria
Production semi-dry fermented sausage
Quality characteristics
Faleeha
Hasan Hussein
1
Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Sayed Hadi
Razavi
srazavi@ut.ac.ir
2
Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zahra
Emam Djomeh
emamj@ut.ac.ir
3
Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
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1
[2] Kadim I., Mahgoub O., Purchas R., A Review of the Growth, and of the Carcass and Meat Quality Characteristics of the One-Humped Camel (Camelusdromedaries), Meat Sci., 80(3): 555-569 (2008).
2
[3] ZhaoL., Jin Y., Ma C., Song H., Li H., Wang Z., Xiao S., Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Free Fatty Acid Composition of Dry Fermented Mutton Sausages as Affected by the Use of Various Combinations of Starter Cultures and Spices, Meat Sci., 88(4), 761-766 (2011).
3
[4] Kargozari M., Moini S., Basti A.A., Emam-Djomeh Z., GhasemlouM., Martin I. R., Gandomi H., Isabel Revilla M., Ángel A., Carbonell B., Antoni S., Development of Turkish Dry-fermented Sausage (sucuk) Reformulated with Camel Meat and Hump Fat and Evaluation of Physicochemical, Textural, Fatty Acid and Volatile Compound Profiles During Ripening, LWT - Food Sci. and Technol., 59(2): 849-858 (2014).
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[8] Simion A.M.C., Vizireanu C., Alexe P., Franco I., Carballo J., Effect of The Use of Selected Starter Cultures on Some Quality, Safety and Sensorial Properties of Dacia Sausage, A Traditional Romanian Dry-Sausage Variety, Food Control, 35(1): 123-131 (2014).
8
[9] Dogbatsey F.K., ''The Combined Effects of Pediococcus Acidilactici and Lactobacillus Curvatus on Listeria Monocytogenes ATCC 43251 in Dry Fermented Sausages'', MS Food and Nutritional Sciences, (Doctoral Dissertation, University of Wisconsin--Stout). Menomonie, WI., American Psychological Association, 6th ed.; 74 (2011).
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J. Food Process. and Technol., 3(195): 1-6 (2012).
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18th ed., Maryland, No. 960.39. 39: 2 (2006).
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[22] AOAC. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. "Ash of Meat", In: Horwitz W., Latimer G.W., editors;Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 18th. Edition; Maryland, No. 950.153. 39: 4 (2006).
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[26] Al-Ahmad Sh., The Effect of Starter Cultures on the Physico–Chemical, Microbiological and Sensory Characteristics of Semi-Dried Sausages, Int. J. Chem.Tech. Res., 7(4): 2020-2028 (2014-2015).
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[27] Moretti V.M., Madonia G., Diaferia C., Mentasti T., Paleari M.A., Panseri S., Gandini G., Chemical and Microbiological Parameters and Sensory Attributes of Typical Sicilian Salami Ripened in Different Conditions, Meat Sci., 66(4): 845-854 (2004).
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[29] Hemat E., Sheshetawy E.L., Safaa M.F., Influence of Partial Replacement of Beef Meat by Geminated Lentil on Quality Characteristics of Dry Fermented Sausage, World J. of Dairy and Food Sci., 2: 197-206 (2010).
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[30] Asmare H.,''Development and Evaluation of Chickpea and Rice Based Dry Fermented Sausages''; Addis Ababa; Ethiopia,(2012).
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[33] Albano H., Van Reenen C.A., Todorov S.D., Cruz D., Fraga L., Hogg T., Dicks LM., Teixeira P.,Phenotypic and Genetic Heterogeneity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from “Alheira,” a Traditional Fermented Sausage Produced in Portugal,Phenotypic and Genetic Heterogeneity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from “Alheira,” a Traditional Fermented Sausage Produced in Portugal, Meat Sci., 82(3): 389-398 (2009).
35
[34] Al-Ahmad Sh., Azizieh A., Yaziji S., The Effect of Commercial Starter Cultures on Quality Parameters of Smoked Fermented Semi-Dry Sausage, J. Agric. Sci. of university Damascus,1(30): 253-268 (2014).
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[35] Ferreira V., Barbosa J., Silva J., Vendeiro S., Mota A., Silva F., MariaJoão M., Tim H., Paul G., Paula T., Chemical and Microbiological Characterisation of “Salpicão de. Vinhais” and “Chouriça de Vinhais”: Traditional Dry Sausages Produced in the North of Portugal, Food Microbiol., 24(6): 618-623 (2007).
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[36] Fernández-López J., Sendra E., Sayas-Barberá E., Navarro C., Pérez-Alvarez J.A., Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Profiles of “Salchichón” (Spanish Dry-Fermented Sausage) Enriched with Orange Fiber, Meat Sci., 80(2): 410-417 (2008).
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[37] Bacha K, Jonsson H, Ashenafi M., Microbial Dynamics During the Fermentation of Wakalim,
39
a Traditional Ethiopian Fermented Sausage, J. Food Quality, 33(3): 370-390 (2010).
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[38] Talon R., Lebert I., Lebert A., Leroy S., Garriga M., Aymerich T., Drosinos E.H., Zanardi E., Ianieri A., Fraquesza M.J., Patarata L.,Traditional Dry Fermented Sausages Produced in Small-Scale Processing Units in Mediterranean Countries and Slovakia, 1: Microbial Ecosystems of Processing Environments, Meat Sci., 77(4): 570-579 (2007).
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[41] Ahmad S.,Amer B.,Sensory Quality of Fermented Sausages as Influenced by Different Combined Cultures of Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation During Refrigerated Storage, J. Food Process. and Technol., 4(202): 1-8 (2013).
44
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45
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Fed-Batch Production of a Fermented Beverage Containing Vitamin B12
Production of fermented functional foods containing micronutrients is required for their health beneficial properties. The impact of 11 process variables on vitamin B12 production in a dairy beverage containing propionic acid was investigated. Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii was applied in a 3-l fermentor in the fed-batch fermentation system. The most suitable conditions for vitamin B12 production were achieved by 5% v/v inoculum size containing Propionibacterium freudenreichii (without Lactobacillus acidophilus) and continuous feeding of lactose with the rate of 0.04 l/h at 36°C in a medium containing 25 g/L molasses, 10 g/L corn steep liquor, at pH=6.5, after 96 h fermentation. Maximum vitamin concentration (30 mg/L) and productivity (7.5 mg/L.day) were obtained in trial 9. Organoleptic properties of the fermented beverage were also acceptable for panelists and no significant difference was observed between samples and control during 6 days refrigerated storage.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_30799_22aa99651f85c34eafff24649796d857.pdf
2019-04-01
183
192
10.30492/ijcce.2019.30799
Co-culture
Fed-batch fermentation
Plackett-Burman
Process variables
Propionibacterium freudenreichii
Propionic acid
Vitamin B12
Kianoush
Khosravi-Darani
kiankh@yahoo.com
1
Research Department of Food Technology, National Nutrition and food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Solmaz
Zarean
solmaz_zarean@yahoo.com
2
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Negin
Ahmadi
ahmadi.negin86@gmail.com
3
Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Zahra
Hadian
zahrahadian@gmail.com
4
Research Department of Food Technology, National Nutrition and food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Amir Mohammad
Mortazavian
mortazvn@sbmu.ac.ir
5
Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Molina V., Medici M., Taranto M.P., Valdez G.F., Effects of Maternal Vitamin B12 Deficiency from End of Gestation to Weaning on the Growth and Haematological and Immunological Parameters in Mouse Dams and Offspring, Arch. Anim. Nutr., 62: 162-168 (2011).
1
[2] Karmi O., Zayed A., Baraghethi S., Qadi M., Ghanem R., Measurement of Vitamin B12 Concentration:
2
A Review on Available Methods, IIOAB J., 2: 23-32 (2011).
3
[3] Selvakumar P., Balamurugan G., Viveka S., Microbial Production of Vitamin B12 and Antimicrobial Activity of Glucose Utilizing Marine Derived Streptomyces Species, Int. J. Chem. Tech. Res., 4: 976-982 (2012).
4
[4] Smith E.L., Purification of Anti-Pernicious Anaemia Factors From Liver, Nature, 161: 638- (1948).
5
[5] Raux E., Schubert H.L., Warren M.J., Biosynthesis of Cobalamin (Vitamin B12): A Bacterial Conundrum, Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 57: 1880-1893 (2000).
6
[6] Martines J.H., Barg H., Warren M., Jahn D., Microbial Production of Vitamin B12, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 58: 275-285 (2002).
7
[7] Li K.T., Liu D.H., Zhuang Y.P., Wang Y.H., Chu J., Zhang S.L., Influence of Zn2+, Co2+ and Dimethylbenzimidazole on Vitamin B12 Biosyn-Thesis by Pseudomonas Denitrificans, World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 24: 2525-2530 (2008).
8
[8] Quesada-Chanto A., Wagner F., Microbial Production of Propionic Acid and Vitamin B12 Using Molasses or Sugar, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 41: 378-383 (1994).
9
[9] Quesada-Chanto A., Wagner F., Optimization of a Propionibacterium Acidipropionici Continuous Culture Utilizing Sucrose, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 42: 16-21 (1994).
10
[10] Bullerman L.B., Berry E.C., Use of Cheese Whey for Vitamin B12 Production: Whey Solids and Yeast Extract Levels, Appl. Microbiol., 14: 353-355 (1966).
11
[11] Wang P., Wang Y., Liu Y., Shi H., Su Zh., Novel in Situ Product Removal Technique for Simul-Taneous Production of Propionic Acid and Vitamin B12 by Expanded Bed Adsorption Bioreactor, Biores. Technol., 104: 652-659 (2012).
12
[12] Kośmider A., Bialas W., Kubiak P., Drożdżyńska A., Czaczyk K., Vitamin B12 Production From Crude Glycerol by Propionibacterium Freuden-Reichii ssp. Shermanii: Optimization of Medium Composition Through Statistical Experimental Designs, Biores. Technol., 105: 128-133 (2012).
13
[13] Marhawa S.S., Sethi R.P., Utilization of Dairy Waste for Vitamin B12 Fermentation, Agric. Wastes, 9: 111-130 (1984).
14
[14] Youngsmith B., Sonomoto K., Tanaka A., Fukui S., Production of Vitamin B12 by Immobilized Cells
15
of a Propionic Acid Bacterium, Eur. J. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 16: 70-74 (1982).
16
[15] Kamikubo T., Hayashi M., Nishio N., Nagai S., Utilization of Non-Sugar Sources for Vitamin B12 Production, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 35: 971-973 (1978).
17
[16] Ruijschop R.M., Boelrijk A.E., Te Giffel M.C., Satiety Effects of a Dairy Beverage Fermented
18
with Propionic Acid Bacteria, Int. Dairy J., 18: 945-950 (2008).
19
[17] Coral J., Karp S.G., Porto de Souza Vandenberghe L., Parada J.L., Pandey A., Soccol C.R., Batch Fermentation Model of Propionic Acid Production by Propionibacterium Acidipropionici in Different Carbon Sources, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 151: 331-341 (2008).
20
[18] Farhadi Sh., Khosravi-Darani K., Mashayekh M., Mortazavian S.A.M., Mohammadi A., Shahraz F., Production of Propionic Acid in a Fermented Dairy Probiotic Beverage, Int. J. Dairy Technol., 66: 127-134 (2013).
21
[19] Zoghi A., Khosravi-Darani K., Alavi S.A., Survival of Probiotics in Synbiotic Apple Juice During Refrigeration and Subsequent Exposure to Simulated Gastro-Intestinal Conditions, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 38(2): 171-181 (2019).
22
[20] Zoghi A., Khosravi-Darani K., Sohrabvandi S., Attar H., Alavi S.A., Effect of Probiotics on Patulin Removal From Synbiotic Apple Juice, J. Sci. Food Agric., 97(8): 2601-2609 (2017).
23
[21] Placket R.L., Burman J.P., The Design of Optimum Multifactorial Experiments, Biometrika, 33: 305-325 (1946).
24
[22] Khosravi-Darani K., Zoghi A., Alavi S.A., Fatemi S.S.A., Application of PlackettBurman Design for Citric Acid Production From Pretreated and Untreated Wheat Straw, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 27(1): 91-104 (2008).
25
[23] Khosravi-Darani K., Ehsani M.R., Mozafari M.R., Saboury A.A., Seydahmadian F., Jahadi M., Vafabakhsh Z., Evaluating the Effects of Process Variables on Protease-Loaded Nano-Liposome Production by Plackett-Burman Design for Utilizing in Cheese Ripening Acceleration, Asian J. Chem., 24(9): 3891-3894 (2012).
26
[24] Ahmadi N., Khosravi-Darani K., Mortazavian A.M., An Overview of Biotechnological Prod-Uction of Propionic Acid: From Upstream to Downstream Processes, Elect. J. Biotechnol., 28: 67-75 (2017).
27
[25] Gaze L.V., Oliveira B.R., Ferrao L.L., Granato D., Cavalcanti R.N., Conte Júnior C.A., Cruz A.G., Freitas M.Q., Preference Mapping of Dulce De Leche Commercialized in Brazilian Markets, J. Dairy Sci., 98(3): 1443-1454 (2015).
28
[26] Torres F.R., Esmerino E.A., Thomas Carr B., Ferrão L.L., Granato D., Pimentel T.C., Bolini H.M.A., Freitas M.Q., Cruz A.G., Rapid Consumer-Based Sensory Characterization of Requeijão Cremoso, a Spreadable Processed Cheese: Performance of New Statistical Approaches to Evaluate Check-All-That-Apply Data, J. Dairy Sci., 100(8): 6100-6110 (2017).
29
[27] Oliveira E.W., Esmerino E.A., Thomas Carr B., Pinto L.P.F., Silva H.L.A., Pimentel T.C.,
30
Bolini H.M.A., Cruz A.G., Freitas M.Q., Reformulating Minas Frescal Cheese Using Consumers' Percep-tions: Insights From Intensity Scales and Check-all-that-apply Questionnaires, J. Dairy Sci., 100(8): 6111-6124 (2017).
31
[28] Goswami V., Srivastava A.K., Fed-Batch Propion-ic Acid Production by Propionibacterium Acidi-Propionici, Biochem. Engin. J., 4: 121-128 (2000).
32
[29] Amartey S., Jeffries T.W., Comparison of Corn Steep Liquor with Other Nutrients in the Fermen-Tation of D-xylose by Pichia Stipitis CBS 6054, Biotechnol. Let., 16: 211-214 (1994).
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Optimization of Biodiesel Production Using Immobilized Candida Rugosa Lipase on Magnetic Fe3O4-Silica Aerogel
Hydrophobic magnetic silica aerogel was used as a support to immobilize Candida rugosa lipase by adsorption method. Physical and chemical properties of the support and immobilized lipase were determined by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis and Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) spectroscopy and the results showed that the lipase was successfully immobilized onto the support. Biodiesel production from sunflower oil using immobilized lipase was investigated. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to evaluate the effect of process variables namely methanol/oil molar ratio (4:1-6:1), enzyme concentration (4-10 % mass fraction of oil) and water concentration (3-10 % mass fraction of oil) on biodiesel yield and predict the optimal reaction conditions. A second-order regression model with a high coefficient determination value (R2= 0.99) was fitted to predict the response as a function of reaction parameters. The results indicated that optimum values for methanol/oil molar ratio, enzyme concentration, and water concentration were obtained at 4.5:1, 9.4% and 7.4 %, respectively, in which biodiesel yield was predicted at 72.3%. As the difference between the experimental and predicted values were shown as non-significant, the response surface model employed could be considered as adequate.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_34366_0729922c29e11478b2d12155b8c15eaf.pdf
2019-04-01
193
201
10.30492/ijcce.2019.34366
Biodiesel
Magnetic silica aerogel
Candida Rugosa Lipase
Transesterification
Response surface methodology (RSM)
Optimization
Leila
Amirkhani
leila_amirkhany86@yahoo.com
1
Transport Phenomena Research Center, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, 51335-1996 Sahand, Tabriz, I. R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Jafarsadegh
Moghaddas
jafar.moghaddas@sut.ac.ir
2
Transport Phenomena Research Center, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, 51335-1996 Sahand, Tabriz, I. R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hoda
Jafarizadeh
h_jafarizadeh@sut.ac.ir
3
Transport Phenomena Research Center, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, 51335-1996 Sahand, Tabriz, I. R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Narwal S.K., Gupta R., Biodiesel Production by Transesterification Using Immobilized Lipase, Biotechnol. Lett., 35: 479-490 (2013).
1
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13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Increasing in the Extraction Yield of Environmentally Friendly Antifouling Agent from Pseudomonas Aeruginosa MUT3 by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
In the present study, the solvent-solvent extraction of phenazine 1-carboxylic acid (PCA) as an environmentally friendly antifouling agent from pseudomonas aeruginosa MUT3 culture was investigated. Accordingly, after screening the extraction ability of various solvents, the combined effects of operating parameters such as solvent type (ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and n-hexane), solvent percent and mixing time on the PCA extraction process were analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). As a consequence, ethyl acetate showed higher extraction yield (68%) and the optimum condition for PCA extraction were identified as 150% of solvent and 120 min mixing time. Meanwhile, the extraction yields for dichloromethane and n-hexane were measured by HPLC assay around 48.75 and 25.2%, respectively. The accuracy of the obtained model was proved by 99.90% R2 and 99.84% Adj R2. In addition, the disk diffusion test showed 9.2, 8 and 7.3 mm inhibition zone for ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and n-hexane, respectively. Consequently, the present study provided a great insight into the solvent-solvent extraction of antibiotics from the fermentation broth.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_37128_9e5774108b0b530be46fc1136cfbadc5.pdf
2019-04-01
203
214
10.30492/ijcce.2019.37128
Phenazine 1- carboxylic acid
Response surface methodology
Solvent extraction
cross current
production yield
Hamid
Mosmeri
h_mosmeri@yahoo.com
1
Chemical Engineering-Biotechnology Group, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Ali
Bahrami
a_bahrami@mut.ac.ir
2
Chemical Engineering-Biotechnology Group, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohamad
Ghafari
m.davoudghafari@gmail.com
3
Microbiology Group, Shahed University, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Khaled
Jazaieri
kh.jazaieri@gmail.com
4
Polymer Engineering Group, Amir Kabir University of Technology, Tehran, I.R.
AUTHOR
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[58] Goleij M., Fakhraee H., Response Surface Methodology Optimization of Cobalt (II) and
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Lead (II) Removal from Aqueous Solution using MWCNT-Fe3O4 Nanocomposite, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 36(5): 129-141
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74
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Geo-Chemical Exploration of Granite Mining Waste Using XRD, SEM/EDX and AAS Analysis
The purpose of the study was to investigate the mineralogical and Heavy Metals (HMs) present in the granite mining soils in Chimakurthy, India. The mineral exploration of mining soils were identified by X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) pattern analysis. However, the morphological features and quantitative HMs were detected by Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersed Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The relative concentrations of HMs measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). In this study, the major minerals were identified as Quartz, Albite, Anorthite, K-Feldspars, Hornblende, Muscovite, Annite, Lepidolite, Illite, Clintonite, Enstatite, Ferrosilite, Kaolinite, Kyanite, Augite, and Phologopite. Moreover, the presence of six HMs such as Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and Manganese (Mn), and their relative concentrations were measured. The concentrations of HMs in three groups of mining soils were in the range of Cr: 149-177 mg/kg (>100), for Co: 128-175 mg/kg (>50), for Ni: 166-204 mg/kg (>50), for Cu: 288-363 mg/kg (>100), for Zn: 433-548 mg/kg (>200) and for Mn: 714-769 mg/kg (<2000) as compared with maximum permissible levels set by standard organizations (WHO/FAO) limits. The results demonstrated that the HMs concentrations in mining soils were exceeded WHO/FAO limits except for Mn. The study is useful for assessment of environmental impact due to excessive deposition of mineral waste and assessment of the quality of investigated granites based on their mineralogical aspect, particularly in the production of granite stones.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_37129_336e81be1a04ac1925994509953f85d2.pdf
2019-04-01
215
228
10.30492/ijcce.2019.37129
Granite
Minerals
heavy metals
XRD, SEM
AAS
Koteswara Reddy
G
koteswarareddy@kluniversity.in
1
Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram-522502, A.P, INDIA
AUTHOR
Kiran
Yarrakula
kiranyadavphysik@gmail.com
2
Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram-522502, A.P, INDIA
LEAD_AUTHOR
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in the Soil and the Tailings , in the Zinc-Lead Sidi Bou Othmane Abandoned Mine, J. Environ. Earth. Sci.,3:138–147 (2013).
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A Multivariate Statistical and Gis-Based Approach, Catena., 149: 64–72 (2017).
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as a Future Eco-Efficient Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM): Scientific and Technical Considerations, J. Clean. Prod., 148: 467–476 (2017).
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of Arsenic from Water Using Aluminum Nanoparticles Synthesized through Arc Discharge Method, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 36(4): 91-99 (2017).
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[33] Xiang., Guoqiang.,Wen., Shengping., Jiang., Xiuming., Liu., Xing., He., Lijun., Determination of Trace Copper(II) in Food Samples by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry After Cloud Point Extraction, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 30(3): 101-107 (2011).
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the Mobilization of Solid Loads and Heavy Metals in Runoff Waters from Granite Quarries, Environ. Geol., 50:823–834 (2006).
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48
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Thermodynamic Modeling and Experimental Studies of Bayerite Precipitation from Aluminate Solution: Temperature and pH Effect
Bayerite is one of the phases of aluminum hydroxide which is precipitated by the carbonation of aluminate solutions obtained from sintered nepheline syenite leaching. In this study, the conditions for the bayerite formation were predicted by thermodynamic modeling of the carbonation process and the Bromley- Zemaitis model was used for this purpose. Carbonation experiments were carried out at pH 11 and the temperature range of 50- 90 °C based on the data obtained from thermodynamic modeling results. XRD analysis of products showed that bayerite was the predominant phase at all temperatures. SEM and LDS analysis indicated that the bayerite precipitates had uniform morphology and bimodal particle size distribution with mean particle size of 4.6 μm at 50 °C to 12.9 μm at 90 °C. It was found that the d50 increased slowly at the precipitation temperature ranging from 80 to 90 °C, from 12.6 to 12.9 μm and the effect of temperature was on the shape of particles. XRF analysis of the products indicated that the amount of Al2O3 and SiO2 in the bayerites decrease by increasing the temperature. According to the thermodynamic modeling data and experimental results, the temperature of 80 °C and pH 11 were determined as optimal conditions for bayerite precipitation.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_30926_cad7462daddfb03655030d88e1b74320.pdf
2019-04-01
229
238
10.30492/ijcce.2019.30926
Aluminate solution
Carbonation
Bromley-Zemaitis model
Bayerite
Somayeh
Shayanfar
s_shayanfar@sut.ac.ir
1
Department of Mineral Processing, Faculty of Mining Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Valeh
Aghazadeh
v.aghazadeh@sut.ac.ir
2
Department of Mineral Processing, Faculty of Mining Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abdoullah
Samiee Beyragh
samiee@acecr.ac.ir
3
Amirkabir Branch, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Li Y.J., Lei T., Yang D.J., Radionuclide of Process of Carbon Decomposition and Anneal of Liquor after Desilication from Nepheline, App. Mech. Mater., (2013).
1
[2] Panov A., Vinogradov S., Engalychev S., Evolutional Development of Alkaline Aluminosilicates Processing Technology, Light. Met., 9-16 (2017).
2
[3] Karamalidis A.K., Dzombak D.A., “Surface Complexation Modeling: Gibbsite”, John Wiley & Sons(JWS), (2011).
3
[4] Schoen R., Roberson C.E., Structures of Aluminum Hydroxide and Geochemical Implications, Am. Mineral., 55(1970).
4
[5] Lee M-y., Parkinson G.M., Smith P.G., Lincoln F.J., Reyhani M.M., Characterization of Aluminum Trihydroxide Crystals Precipitated from Caustic Solutions, J. Am. Chem. Soc.( ACS), (1997).
5
[6] Wefers K., Misra C., Oxides and Hydroxides of Aluminum, Alcoa Technical Paper No. 19, Alcoa Laboratories, (1987).
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[7] Misra C., “Industrial Alumina Chemicals”, Am. Chem. Soc.(AC S), (1986).
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[8] Li Y., Zhang Y., Yang C., Zhang Y., Precipitating Sandy Aluminium Hydroxide from Sodium Aluminate Solution by the Neutralization of Sodium Bicarbonate, Hydrometallurgy, 98(1): 52-57 (2009).
8
[9] Czajkowski A., Noworyta A., Krótki M., Studies and Modelling of the Process of Decomposition of Aluminate Solutions by Carbonation, Hydrometallurgy, 7(3): 253-261 (1981).
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[10] Zhou Q., Peng D., Peng Z., Liu G., Li X., Agglomeration of Gibbsite Particles from Carbonation Process of Sodium Aluminate Solution, Hydrometallurgy, 99(3): 163-169 (2009).
10
[11] Klimenko A.A., Shapovalov V.V., Kolesnik T.V., Shapovalova T.V., Osovska A.A., The Question of the Mechanism of Allocation Aluminum Hydroxide from Solutions of Sodium Aluminate, J. Sci. Donetsk. Inter. Tech. Uni., 14-21 (2013), [in Russian].
11
[12] You S., Li Y., Zhang Y., Yang C., Zhang Y., Synthesis of Uniformly Spherical Bayerite from a Sodium Aluminate Solution Reacted with Sodium Bicarbonate, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 52(36): 12710-12716 (2013).
12
[13] Yeboah I., Addai E. K., Acquah F., Tulashie S. K., A Comparative Study of the Super Cooling and Carbonization Processes of the Gibbsitic Ghanaian Bauxite, Int. J. Eng. Sci. Inno. Tech., (2014).
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[14] Hunter K.A., “Acid-base Chemistry of Aquatic Systems”, Dunedin, New Zealand: University of Otago, (1998).
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[15] Carroll J.J., Mather A.E., The System Carbon Dioxide-Water and the Krichevsky-Kasarnovsky Equation, J. Solution Chem., 21(7): 607-621 (1992).
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[16] Pahlevanzadeh H., Mohseni Ahooei A., Estimation of UNIQUAC-NRF Model Parameters for NH3-CO2-H2O System, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 24(1) 21-26 (2005).
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[17] Bromley L.A., Thermodynamic Properties of Strong Electrolytes in Aqueous Solutions, AIChE Journal, 19(2) 313-320 (1973).
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[18] Linz D., Rafal M., Berthold J., “Introduction to OLI Electrolytes”, OLI Systems Inc., 1-21(2003).
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[19] “A Guide to Using OLI Studio Including Studio Scale Chem Version 9.1”, OLI Systems Inc.,
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[20] Zemaitis J.F., Clark D.M., Rafal M., Scrivner N.C., “Handbook of Aqueous Electrolyte Thermodynamics: Theory & Application”, John Wiley & Sons (JWS), (2010).
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Vortex and Oil Distribution of Oil-Water Annular Flow through Ball Valve
The study on the flow behave inside of a ball valve is important for heavy crude oil transportation. Owe to the fast progress of the numerical technique, it becomes an effective way to observe the flows inside a valve and to analyze the flow structure of the oil-water core annular flow. In the present study, the simulation of the oil-water core annular flowing through the valve is conducted by combined the VOF and CSF model, and the effects of open rate on vortex and oil distribution characteristics are analyzed. The simulated data is a satisfactory match with empirical value and the experimental results. The results show that there are lots of vortexes inside and behind the valve, the coordinate values of the vortex decrease and the aggregation rate increases with an increase in open rate. As the input velocity increases, the change rate of the vortex position is greater, and the oil aggregation rate decreases, the highly viscous oil with has greater aggregation rate after flow through the valve, and the variation of the vortex core position is relatively slow. As the vortex flow across the oil core, the oil will be scattered and contributes to the instability of the annular flow.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_30876_e5ab90882c4cba38a30ceb8c9f12c425.pdf
2019-04-01
239
252
10.30492/ijcce.2019.30876
the ball valve
oil-water annular flow
VOF
vortex
oil phase distribution
numerical simulation
Jiang
Fan
jiangfan2008@gzhu.edu.cn
1
School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. CHINA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sijie
Li
598387302@qq.com
2
School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. CHINA
AUTHOR
Qingfeng
Wu
351702035@qq.com
3
School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. CHINA
AUTHOR
Zhenzhang
Liu
61639238@qq.com
4
School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. CHINA
AUTHOR
[1] Jiang F., Wang Y.J., Ou J.J., Xiao Z.M., Numerical Simulation on Oil-Water Annular Flow Through
1
the Π Bend, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 53: 8235-8244 (2014).
2
[2] Russell T.W.F., Charles M.E., The Effect of Less Viscous Liquid in the Laminar Flow of Two Immiscible Liquids, Canad. J. Chem. Eng., 37: 18-24 (1959).
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[3] Charles M.E., Govier G.W., Hodgson G.W., The Horizontal Pipeline Flow of Equal Density of Oil–Water Mixtures, Canad. J. Chem. Eng., 39: 17-36 (1961).
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[4] Arney M.S., Bai R., Guevara E., Joseph D.D., Liu K., Friction Factor and Hold up Studies for Lubricated Pipelining I. Experiments and Correlations, Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 19: 1061-1067 (1993).
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[5] Grassi B., Strazza D., Poesio P., Experimental Validation of Theoretical Models in Two-Phase High-Viscosity Ratio Liquid-Liquid Flows in Horizontal and Slightly Inclined Pipes, Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 34: 950-965 (2008).
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[6] Strazza D., Grassi B., Demori M., Ferrari V., Poesio P., Core-Annular Flow in Horizontal and Slightly Inclined Pipes: Existence, Pressure Drops, and Hold-Up, Chem. Eng. Sci., 66: 2853-2863 (2011).
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[7] Bai R., Chen K., Joseph D.D., Lubricated Pipelining: Stability of Core-Annular Flow: Part 5. Experiments and Comparison with Theory, J. Fluid Mech., 240: 97-132 (1992).
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[8] Gabryk K.M., Pietrzak M., Troniewski L., Study on Oil-Water Two-Phase Up Flow in Vertical Pipes,
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J. Petrol. Sci. Eng., 117: 28-36 (2014).
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[9] Rodriguez O.M.H., Bannwart A.C., de Carvalho C.H.M., Pressure Loss in Core Annular Flow: Modeling, Experimental Investigation and Full Scale Experiments, J. Petrol. Sci. Eng., 65: 67-75 (2009).
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[10] Bentwich M., Two-Phase Axial Laminar Flow in a Pipe with Naturally Curved Surface, Chem. Eng. Sci., 31: 71-76 (1976).
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[11] Howard H.H., Daniel D.J., Lubricated Pipelining: Stability of Core-Annular Flow Part 2, J. Fluid Mech., 205: 323-356 (1989).
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[12] Howard H.H., Neelesh P.F., Non-Axisymmetric Instability of Core-Annular Flow, J. Fluid Mech., 290: 213-224 (1995).
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[13] Azizi S., Karimi H., Darvishi P., Flow Pattern and Oil Holdup Prediction in Vertical Oil–Water Two–Phase Flow Using Pressure Fluctuation Signal, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 36(2): 125-141 (2017).
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[14] Li J., Renardy Y.Y., Direct Simulation of Unsteady Axisymmetric Core-Annular Flow with High Viscosity Ratio, J. Fluid Mech., 391: 123-149 (1999).
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[15] Ooms G., Pourquie M.J.B.M., Beerens J.C., On the Levitation Force in Horizontal Core-Annular Flow with a Large Viscosity Ratio and Small Density Ratio, Phys. Fluids, 25: 032102 (2013).
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[16] Sumana G., Das G., Das, P.K., Simulation of Core Annular in Return Bends-A Comprehensive
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CFD Study, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 89: 2244-2253 (2011).
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[17] Jiang F., Wang Y.J., Ou J.J., Chen C.G., Numerical Simulation of Oil-Water Core Annular Flow in
20
a U-Bend Based on the Eulerian Model, Chem. Eng. Technol., 37: 659-666 (2014).
21
[18] Jiang F., Long Y., Wang Y.J., Liu Z.Z., Chen C.G., Numerical Simulation of Non-Newtonian Core Annular Flow Through Rectangle Return Bends, J. Appl. Fluid Mech., 9: 431-441 (2016).
22
[19] Malgarinos I., Nikolopoulos N., Gavaises M., Coupling a Local Adaptive Grid Refinement Technique with an Interface Sharpening Scheme for the Simulation of Two-Phase Flow and Free-Surface Flows Using VOF Methodology, J. Comput. Phys., 300: 732-753 (2015).
23
[20] Laurmaa V., Picasso M., Steiner G., An Octree-Based Adaptive Semi-Lagrangian VOF Approach for Simulating the Displacement of Free Surfaces, Comput. Fluids, 131: 190-204 (2016).
24
[21] Xu H., Guang Z.M., Qi Y.Y., Hydrodynamic Characterization and Optimization of Contra-Push Check Valve by Numerical Simulation, Ann. Nucl. Energy, 38: 1427-1437 (2011).
25
[22] Posa A., Oresta P., Lippolis A., Analysis of a Directional Hydraulic Valve by a Direct Numerical Simulation Using an Immersed-Boundary Method, Energy Convers. Manage., 65: 497-506 (2013).
26
[23] Valdes J.R., Rodriguez J.M., Monge R., Pena J.C., Putz T., Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of the Cavitating Flow Through a Ball Check Valve, Energy Convers. Manage., 78: 776-786 (2014).
27
[24] Ghosh S., Das G., Das P.K., Simulation of core Annular Down Flow Through CFD -A Comprehensive Study, Chem. Engin. Process., 49: 1222-1228 (2010).
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[25] Kaushik V.V.R., Ghosh S., Das G., Das P.K., CFD Simulation of Core Annular Flow Through Sudden Contraction and Expansion, J. Petrol. Sci. Engin., 86-87: 153-164 (2012).
29
[26] Habib A., Mousa M., Yousef N. K., A 3D Numerical Simulation of Mixed Convection of a Magnetic Nanofluid in the Presence of Non-Uniform Magnetic Field in a Vertical Tube using Two Phase Mixture Model, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 323: 1963-1972 (2011).
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[27] Reddy R. K., Joshi J. B., CFD Modeling of Solid–Liquid Fluidized Beds of Mono and Binary Particle Mixtures, Chem. Engin. Sci., 64: 3641-3658 (2009).
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[28] Baltussen M.W., Kuipers J.A.M., Deen N.G., A Critical Comparison of Surface Tension Models for the Volume of Fluid Method, Chem. Engin. Sci., 109: 65-74 (2014).
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[30] Bannwart A.C., Rodriguez O.M.H., de Carvalho C.H.M., Wang I.S., Vara R.M.O., Flow Patterns in Heavy Crude Oil-Water Flow, J. Energ. Resour. Technol., 26: 184-189 (2004).
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[32] Mohammad T.S.T., Soran P., Morteza G., Numerical Study on the Effect of the Cavitation Phenomenon on the Characteristics of Fuel Spray, Math. Comput. Model., 56: 105-117 (2012).
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[33] Tsukahara T., Maeda T., Hibara A., Mawatari K., Kitamori T., Direct Measurements of the Saturated Vapor Pressure of Water Confined in Extended Nanospaces using Capillary Evaporation Phenomena, Rsc Adv., 2: 3184-3186 (2012).
37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Selection of Appropriate Model for the Synthesis of Coal Water Slurry (CWS) Using PVA and TEA
Coal-Water Slurry (CWS) is an attractive alternative fuel with lower cost and reliable in terms of transportation and handling. The efficiency of CWS gasification depends on the preparation of CWS to ensure the higher carbon contents and low viscosity which will enhance the heating rates along with the atomization of CWS. In this paper, the rheology of CWS was studiedwith coal loading 30 to 60% and the rheological behavior was discussed with the help of Power-law, Casson and Herschel Buckley models which shows that CWS exhibits pseudo-plastic (shear thinning) behavior. The CWS was prepared by using Poly-Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) and Triethanol Amine (TEA) as dispersants and Xanthan gum as a stabilizer. The experimental results showed that for a constant coal loading viscosity decreases as the shear rate increases and out of these rheological models, power-law fits best on the experimental data with the highest R2 of 0.99
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_33852_9ec48242609a00e7b30fa05d1a0113f1.pdf
2019-04-01
253
261
10.30492/ijcce.2019.33852
Coal preparation
Coal water slurry
rheology
coal gasification
Nadia
Khan
nadiakhan@neduet.edu.pk
1
Polymer and Petrochemical Engineering Department, NED University of Engineering &Technology, Karachi, PAKISTAN
AUTHOR
Syed Ali Ammar
Taqvi
aliammar884@gmail.com
2
Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), 32610 Seri Iskandar Perak, MALAYSIA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hamza
Bin Rafiq
3
Polymer and Petrochemical Engineering Department, NED University of Engineering &Technology, Karachi, PAKISTAN
AUTHOR
Asra
Nafees
4
Polymer and Petrochemical Engineering Department, NED University of Engineering &Technology, Karachi, PAKISTAN
AUTHOR
Haslinda
Zabiri
5
Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), 32610 Seri Iskandar Perak, MALAYSIA
AUTHOR
[1] Lee S., “Alternative Fuels”: CRC Press, (1996).
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[2] Fan Y., Hu H., Jin L., Zhu S., Zhang Q., Static Stability and Rheological Behavior of Lignite Char–Water Mixture, Fuel, 104: 7-13 (2013).
2
[3] Dmitrienko M.A., Legros J.C., Strizhak P.A., Experimental Evaluation of Main Emissions During Coal Processing Waste Combustion, Environmental Pollution, 233: 299-305 (2018).
3
[4] Dmitrienko M.A., Nyashina G.S., Strizhak P.A., Major Gas Emissions from Combustion of Slurry Fuels Based on Coal, Coal Waste, and Coal Derivatives, Journal of Cleaner Production, 177: 284-301 (2018).
4
[5] Dmitrienko M.A., Nyashina G.S., Strizhak P.A., Environmental Indicators of the Combustion of Prospective Coal Water Slurry Containing Petrochemicals, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 338: 148-159 (2017).
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[6] Chakravarthy A., Kumar S., Mohapatra S., Transportation Performance of Highly Concentrated Coal-Water Slurries Prepared from Indian Coals, in Applied Mechanics and Materials, 592: 869-873 (2014).
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[7] Mishra S., Senapati P., Panda D., Rheological Behavior of Coal-Water Slurry, Energy Sources, 24: 159-167 (2002).
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[8] Boylu F., Dincer H., Ateşok G., Effect of Coal Particle Size Distribution, Volume Fraction and Rank on the Rheology of Coal–Water Slurries, Fuel Processing Technology, 85: 241-250 (2004).
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[9] Buranasrisak P., Narasingha M.H., Effects of Particle Size Distribution and Packing, 3, 31 (2012). Characteristics on the Preparation of Highly-Loaded Coal-Water Slurry, International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, 3: 31-35 (2012).
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[10] Harmadi E., Suwarmin S.M., Winardi S., Effect of Particle Size Distribution on Rheology and Stability of High Concentration Coal-Water Mixture with Indonesian Low Rank Coal, Jurnal Teknik Mesin, 2: 93-98 (2002).
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[11] Mosa E.S., Saleh A.-H.M., Taha T.A., El-Molla A.M., Effect of Chemical Additives on Flow Characteristics of Coal Slurries, Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing, 42: 107-118 (2008).
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[14] Singh A.K., Kumar S.G., Rheological Investigation of Coal Water Slurries with and without Additive, MSc Thesis, Thapar University, Patiala, India (2012).
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[15] Ongsirimongkol N., Narasingha M., Effects of Stabilizing Agents on Stability and Rheological Characteristics of the Highly-Loaded Coal-Water Slurry, International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, 3: 49- (2012).
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