ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Mononuclear and Dinuclear Copper(II) Complexes Containing N, O and S Donor Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structure Determination and Antimicrobial Activity of [Cu(phen)(tda)].2H2O and [(phen)2Cu(µ-tda)Cu(phen)](ClO4)2.1.5H2O
Copper complexes of [Cu(phen)(tda)].2H2O(1) and [(phen)2Cu(µ-tda) Cu(phen)](ClO4)2.1.5H2O (2) (where phen is 1,10-phenanthroline and tda2- is thiodiacetate) have been synthesized. Both complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV–Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Their solid state structures were determined by the single crystal X-Ray Diffraction method. Complex 1 is mononuclear and copper has accepted a five-coordinated square-based pyramidal structure with the tda2- anion facially coordinated to copper(II). Complex 2 has accepted an unsymmetrical square pyramidal coordination of two distinct copper complexes, one containing two phenanthroline and the other containing one phenanthroline and one tda2-, bridged by a carboxylate oxygen. The strong biological activity of these compounds against six reference bacterial included Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 465), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29737), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 10031), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 85327) were investigated.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_11788_8a50fa5a70c685bca55e536a2466e51e.pdf
2014-12-01
1
13
10.30492/ijcce.2014.11788
Cu(II) complexes
1
10-Phenanthroline
Thiodiacetic acid
Crystal structure
Cyclic voltammogram. Antimicrobial activities
Abolfazl
Abbaszadeh
kaplan_ab@yahoo.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, P.O. Box 1983963113 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Nasser
Safari
n-safari@cc.sbu.ac.ir
2
Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, P.O. Box 1983963113 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Vahid
Amani
3
Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, P.O. Box 1983963113 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Behrouz
Notash
4
Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, P.O. Box 1983963113 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Fereshteh
Raei
5
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, P.O. Box 1983963113 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Fereshteh
Eftekhar
6
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, P.O. Box 1983963113 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
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48
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis of Lithium Ion Sieve Nanoparticles and Optimizing Uptake Capacity by Taguchi Method
Spinel-type of MnO2 nanoparticles which successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal process, have a required capacity for lithium uptake from liquid resources. Themost lithium adsorption capacity of 6.6 mmol/g of up to now was found to be an important limiting parameter for industrial applications. Therefore, increasing uptake capacity of these ion sieves by studding the effect of six effective parameters, involving lithium compounds, manganese compounds, oxidizing reagents, calcination temperatures, heating times and Li/Mn mol ratios was investigated. To this end, Taguchi L9(34) orthogonal array was employedas a predominate method to evaluate these parameters and the results optimized by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of mean (ANOM) in two separate stages. Although, all mentioned parameters had significant effect on lithium uptake capacity, but oxidizing reagents were the most effective factors. Hence, a new ion sieve with lithium adsorption capacity more than 9 mmol/g was synthesized for the first time, by applying this method.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_11789_550047f099bf2cad4a4f785b4e788079.pdf
2014-12-01
15
24
10.30492/ijcce.2014.11789
Lithium
Ion sieve
Synthesis
Adsorption capacity
Taguchi experimental design
Saeed
Zandevakili
saeed.zandevakili@gmail.com
1
Department of Mining Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, P.O. Box 76169-133 Kerman, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad
Ranjbar
2
Department of Mining Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, P.O. Box 76169-133 Kerman, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Maryam
Ehteshamzadeh
3
Department of Materials Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, P.O.Box 76169-133 Kerman, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Chitrakar R., Kanoh H., Makita Y., Miyai Y., Ooi K., Synthesis of Spinel-Type Lithium Antimony Manganese Oxides and Their Li Extraction/Ion Insertion Reactions, J Mater Chem., 10 (10): 2325-2329 (2000).
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[32] Ma L.W., Chen B.Z., Shi X.C., Zhang W., Zhang K., Stability and Li+ Extraction/Adsorption Properties of LiMxMn2−xO4 (M= Ni, Al, Ti; 0≤x≤1) in Aqueous Solution, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 369: 88-94 (2010).
32
[33] Norouzbeigi R., Edrissi M., Modification and Optimization of Nano-Crystalline Al2O3 Combustion Synthesis Using Taguchi L16 Array, Materials Research Bulletin, 46(10): 1615-1624 (2011).
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34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis of Nanoporous Metal Organic Framework MIL-53-Cu and Its Application for Gas Separation
MIL-53-Cu has been synthesized hydrothermally and has been used for the first time for gas separation. MIL-53-Cu shows adsorption capacities of 8.1, 0.7 and 0.5 m.mol/g, respectively, for CH4, CO2 and H2 at 30 bar and 298 K. The high CH4 adsorption capacity of MIL-53-Cu maybe attributed to the high pore volume and large number of open metal sites. The high selectivity for CH4 over CO2 (11.5) and H2 (16.2), suggests that MIL-53-Cu is a effective adsorbent material for the separation of CH4 from gas mixtures.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_11790_05c2e7ec5dd2da0e1298d31c18d86a5c.pdf
2014-12-01
25
28
10.30492/ijcce.2014.11790
MIL-53-Cu
Gas separation
Hydrothermal
Methane
Mansoor
Anbia
anbia@iust.ac.ir
1
Research Laboratory of Nanoporous Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16846-13114 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Vahid
Hoseini
2
Research Laboratory of Nanoporous Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16846-13114 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Sakineh
Mandegarzad
khmandegarzad@yahoo.com
3
Research Laboratory of Nanoporous Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16846-13114 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Elahe
Motaee
4
Research Laboratory of Nanoporous Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16846-13114 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Sara
Sheykhi
5
Research Laboratory of Nanoporous Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16846-13114 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
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[8] Wood C.D., Tan B., Trewin A., Niu H.J., Bradshaw D., Rosseinsky M.J., Khimyak Y.Z., Campbell N.L., Kirk R., Stockel E., Cooper A.I., Hydrogen Storage in Microporous Hypercrosslinked Organic Polymer Networks, Chem. Mater., 19: 2034-2048 (2007).
8
[9] Ghanem B.S., Msayib K.J., McKeown N.B., Harris K.D.M., Pan Z., Budd P.M., Butler A., Selbie J., Book D., Walton A., A Triptycene-Based Polymer of Intrinsic Microposity That Displays Enhanced Surface Area and Hydrogen Adsorption, Chem. Commun., 67-69 (2007).
9
[10] Hirscher M., Panella B., Hydrogen Storage in Metalorganic Trameworks, Scr. Mater., 56: 809-812 (2007).
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[11] Anbia M., Hoseini V., Enhancement of CO2 Adsorption on Nanoporous Chromium Terephthalate (MIL-101) by Amine Modification, J. Nat. Gas. Chem., 21: 339-343 (2012).
11
[12] Anbia M., Hoseini V., Sheykhi S., Sorption of Methane, Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide on Metal-Organic Framework, Iron Terephthalate (MOF-235), J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 18: 1149-1152 (2012).
12
[13] Anbia M., Moradi S.E., Removal of Naphthalene from Petrochemical Wastewater Streams Using Carbon Nanoporous Adsorbent, Appl. Surf. Sci., 255: 5041-5047 (2009).
13
[14] Anbia M, Hoseini V., Development of MWCNT@MIL-101 Hybrid Composite with Enhanced Adsorption Capacity for Carbon Dioxide, Chem. Eng. J., 191: 326-330 (2012).
14
[15] Anbia M., Hoseini V., Mandegarzad S., Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocomposite MCM-48-PEHA-DEA and Its Application as CO2Adsorbent, Korean. J. Chem. Eng., 29: 1776-1781 (2012).
15
[16] Alaei M., Jalali M., Rashidi A., Simple and Economical Method for the Preparation of MgO Nanostructures with Suitable Surface Area, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 33: 21-28 (2014).
16
[17] Faghihian Hossein., Rasekh M., Removal of Chromate from Aqueous Solution by a Novel Clinoptilolite-Polyanillin Composite, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 33: 45-52 (2014).
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[18] Yazdizadeh M., Nourbakhsh H., Jafari Nasr M.R., A Solution Model for Predicting Asphaltene Precipitation, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 69: 93-98 (2014).
18
[19] Shahi M., Foroughifar N., Moradi Sh., Synthesis and Ab Initio Study of Pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine Derivatives, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 33: 1-14 (2014).
19
[20] Kondo M., Yoshito mi T., Seki K., Matsuzaka H., Kitagava S., Three-Dimensional Framework with Channeling Cavities for Small Molecules: {[M2(4, 4′-bpy)3(NO3)4]·xH2O}n (M = Co, Ni, Zn), Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 36: 1725-1727 (1997).
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[21] Chowdhury P., Bikkina C., Gumma S., Gas Adsorption Properties of the Chromium-Based Metal Organic Framework MIL-101, J. Phys. Chem. C., 113: 6616-6621 (2009).
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[22] Bao Z., Yu L., Ren Q., Lu X., Deng S., Adsorption of CO2 and CH4 on a Magnesium-Based Metal Organic Framework, J. Colloid. Interface. Sci., 353: 549-556 (2011).
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[23] Anbia M., Sheykhi S., Synthesis of Nanoporous Copper Terephthalate [MIL-53(Cu)] as a Novel Methane-Storage Adsorbent, J. Nat. Gas. Chem., 21: 680-684 (2012).
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Ordered Nanoporous Carbon Based Solid-Phase Microextraction for the Analysis of Nitroaromatic Compounds in Aqueous Samples
In this paper, the possibility of using a new ordered nanoporous carbon as a new fiber in headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) to determine of mononitrotoluenes (MNTs) in waste water is demonstrated. The structural order and textural properties of the ordered nanoporous carbon were studied by X Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images and nitrogen adsorption isotherms. The analysis was done on a gas chromatograph equipped with flame ionization detector and capillary column. The main factors affecting the MNT compounds extraction such as rate of stirring sample solution, sample solution volume, ion strength of sample solution, extraction time and temperaturehave been investigated and established. Optimization of these parameters was done by Taguchi method and Orthogonal Array Design (OAD). The effects of these parameters were investigated using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Under the optimum conditions, recovery values were between 87.1% and 106.2%, Limit Of Detections (LODs) ranged from 0.01 mg/L to 0.16 mg/L and Linear Dynamic Range (LDR) of 0.5–400 mg/L was obtained. Relative standard deviation of single fiber and fiber-to-fiber (n=4) was in the range of 3.7-4.2% and 7.3-8.9%. Performance of the present method was evaluated for extraction and determination of nitroaromatic compounds in wastewater samples in the range of microgram per liter and satisfactory results were obtained.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_11791_413a4407227cfc7a765d00c1e645bb96.pdf
2014-12-01
29
39
10.30492/ijcce.2014.11791
Gas chromatography
Mononitrotoluenes
Headspace solid phase microextraction
Ordered nanoporous carbon
Taguchi method
Mansoor
Anbia
anbia@iust.ac.ir
1
Research Laboratory of Nanoporous Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 16846-13114 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Morteza
Khazaei
2
Research Laboratory of Nanoporous Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 16846-13114 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Sachdev A., Todd J., Loss J., Incident Investigation of Mono-Nitro Toluene Still Explosion, Prev. Proc., 18(4-6): 531-536 (2005).
1
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[3] Snellinx Z., Nepovim A., Taghavi S., Vangronsveld J., Vanek T., Lelie D.V., Biological Remediation of Explosives and Related Nitroaromatic Compounds, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 9(1): 48-61(2002).
3
[4] Pamme N., Steinbach K., Ensinger W.J., Schmidt T.C., Analysis of Polynitrophenols and Hexyl by Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Using Atmospheric Pressure Ionisation Methods and a Volatile Ion-pairing Reagent, J. Chromatogr A., 943(1): 47-54 (2002).
4
[5] Nosratinia F., Omidkhah M.R., Bastani D., Saifkordi A.A., Investigation of Mass Transfer Coefficient under Jetting Conditions in a Liquid-Liquid Extraction System, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 29: 1(2010).
5
[6] Jenkins T.F., Miyares P.H., Myers K.F.,MCormick E.F., Strong A.B., Comparison of Solid Phase Extraction with Salting-Out Solvent Extraction for Preconcentration of Nitroaromatic and Nnitramine Explosives from Water, Anal. Chim. Acta., 289(1): 69-78 (1994).
6
[7] Sobhi H.R., Kashtiaray A., Farahani H., Javaheri M., Ganjali M.R., Quantitation of Mononitrotoluenes in Aquatic Environment Using Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Followed by Gas Chromatography–Flame Ionization Detection, J. Hazard. Mater., 175(1-3): 279-283 (2010).
7
[8] Camara J.S., Alves M.A., Marques J.C., Development of Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Methodology for Analysis of Terpenoids in Madeira Wines, Anal. Chim. Acta., 555(2): 191-200 (2006).
8
[9] Kamarei F., Ebrahimzadeh H., Yamini Y., Optimization of Solvent Bar Microextraction Combined with Gas Chromatography for the Analysis of Aliphatic Amines in Water Samples, J. Hazard. Mater., 178(1-3): 747-752 (2010).
9
[10] Ebrahimzadeh H., Yamini Y., Kamarei F., Shariati S., Homogeneous Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Trace Amounts of Mononitrotoluenes from Waste Water Samples, Anal. Chim. Acta., 594(1), 93-100 (2007).
10
[11] Ebrahimzadeh H., Yamini Y., Kamarei F., Khalili M., Application of Headspace Solvent Microextraction to the Analysis of Mononitrotoluenes in Waste Water Samples, Talanta.,72(1): 193-198 (2007).
11
[12] Kaykhaiil M., Saffari F., Application of Polypyrrole Coated Stainless-Steel Wire to the Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction of Aliphatic Amines, Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran, 19(2): 111-117 (2008).
12
[13] Guan W.,Xu F., Liu W., Zhao J., Guan Y., A New Poly(phthalazine ether sulfone ketone)-Coated Fiber for Solid-Phase Microextraction to Determine Nitroaromatic Explosives in Aqueous Samples, J. Chromatogr.,A. 1147: 59 (2007).
13
[14] Arthur C.L.,Pawliszyn J., Solid Phase Microextraction with Thermal Desorption Using Fused Silica Optical Fibers, Anal. Chem., 62(19): 2145-2148 (1990).
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[17] Gholivand M.B., Abolghasemi M.M., Piryaei M., Maassoumi S.M., Comparative Study of Hydrodistillation Headspace Solvent Microextraction and Microwave-Assisted Distillation Headspace Solvent Microextraction for Analysis of Volatile Components in Stachys Inflata, Chemija., 23(1): 24-29 (2012).
17
[18] Kresge C., Leonowicz M., Roth W., Vartuli J., Beck J., Ordered Mesoporous Molecular Sieves Synthesizedby a Liquid-Crystal Template Mechanism, Nature.,359: 710-712 (1992).
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[19] Sepehri H., Samadfam M., Asadi Z., Studies on the recovery of Uranium from Nuclear Industrial Effluent Using Nanoporous Silica Adsorbent, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 9(4): 629-636 (2012).
19
[20] Anbia M.,Ghaffari A., Removal of Malachite Green from Dye Wastewater Using Mesoporous Carbon Adsorbent, J. Iran. Chem. Soc., 7: 67-76 (2011).
20
[21] Berijani S., Assadi Y., Anbia M., Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Combined with Gas Chromatography-Flame Photometric Detection: Very Simple, Rapid and Sensitive Method for the Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Water, J. Chromatogr. A., 1123(1): 1-9 (2006).
21
[22] Ghasemian M.B., Anbia M., Shariati S., Synthesis and Characterization of New Nanoporous cmk-1/sds-fe Sorbent for Determination and Eelimination of Panh Organic com Pounds by spe-uv Technique in Petroleum, Petrochemical and Gas in Dustries, Petroleum Research., 23(73): 81-94 (2013).
22
[23] Hudson M.J., Waqif Husain S., Anbia M., Development of New Sorbents: I. Ordered Porous Phase of Titanium Phosphate, J. Iran. Chem. Soc., 2(1): 54-59 (2005).
23
[24] Jun S., Joo S.H., Ryoo R., Kruk M., Jaroniec M., Liu Z., Ohsuna T., Terasaki O., Synthesis of New, Nanoporous Carbon with Hexagonally Ordered Mesostructure, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,122(43): 10712-10713 (2000).
24
[25] Ryoo R., Joo S.H., Jun S., Synthesis of Highly Ordered Carbon Molecular Sieves via Template-Mediated Structural Transformation, J. Phys. Chem. B., 103(37): 7743-7746 (1999).
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[26] Ryoo R., Joo S.H., Kruk M., Jaroniec M., Ordered Mesoporous Carbons, Adv. Mater., 13(9): 677-681 (2001).
26
[27] Joo S.H., Choi S.J., Oh I., Kwak J., Liu Z., Terasaki O., R Ryoo., Ordered Nanoporous Arrays of Carbon Supporting High Dispersions of Platinum Nanoparticles, Nature., 412:169- (2001).
27
[28] Stein A., Wang Z., Fierke M.N.,Functionalization of Porous Carbon Materials with Designed Pore Architecture, Adv. Mater., 21(3): 265-293 (2009).
28
[29] Trong D.O., Desplantier D.G., Danumah C., Kaliaguine S., Perspectives in catalytic applications of mesostructured materials, Appl. Catal. A. Gen., 222(1-2): 299-357 (2001).
29
[30] Du X.Z., Wang Y.R., Tao X.J., Deng H.L., An Approach to Application of Mesoporous Hybrid as a Fiber Coating of Solid-Phase Microextraction, Anal. Chim. Acta., 543(1-2): 9-16 (2005).
30
[31] Du X.Z., Wang Y.R., Ma Q.,Mao X.F., Hou J.G., Chemically Modified Mesoporous Silica as a Coating Layer of Solid Phase Microextraction for Determination of Benzo[a]pyrene in Water Samples, Anal. Lett., 38(3): 487-498 (2005).
31
[32] Hashemi P., Shamizadeh M., Badiei A., Zarabadi Poorb P., Ghiasv A.R., Yarahmadi A., Amino Ethyl-Functionalized Nanoporous Silica as a Novel Fiber Coating for Solid-Phase Microextraction, Anal. Chem. Acta., 646(1-2): 1-5 (2009).
32
[33] Anbia M., Khazaei M., Ordered Nanoporous Carbon-Based SPME., Determination by GC., Chromatographia., 73(3-4), 379-384 (2011).
33
[34] Ciesla U., Scho F., Ordered Mesoporous Materials, Micropor. Mesopor. Mate.,27(2-3): 131-149 (1999).
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[35] Saito A., Foley H.C., Curvature and Parametric Sensitivity in Models for Adsorption in Micropores, Aiche. J., 37(3): 429-376 (1991).
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[36] Shao Y., Wang L., Zhang J., Anpo M., Synthesis of Hydrothermally Stable and Long-range Ordered, J. Phys. Chem. B., 109(44): 20835-41 (2005).
36
[37] Zolfaghari G., Esmaili Sari A., Anbia M., Younesi H., Ghasemian M.B., A Zinc Oxide-Coated Nanoporous Carbon Adsorbent for Lead Removal from Water: Optimization, Equilibrium Modeling, and Kinetics Studies, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 10(2): 325-340 (2013)
37
[38] Shafie S.Z., Banisi S., Karamouzian M., Eslami A., Application of Taguchi Method for Determination of Robust Operating Parameters Against Disturbances in Flotation of Sarcheshmeh Copper Ore, Modares Technical and Engineering, 18: 77-86 (2005).
38
[39] Ghambarian M.., Yamini Y., Saleh A.,Shariati S., Yazdanfar N., Taguchi OA16 Orthogonal Array Design for the Optimization of Cloud Point Extraction for Selenium Determination in Environmental and Biological Samples by Tungsten-Modified Tube Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Talanta., 78(3): 970-976 (2009).
39
[40] King A.J., Readman J.W., Zhou J.L., The Application of Solid-Phase Micro-Extraction (SPME) to the Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Environ Geochem., 25(1): 69-75 (2003).
40
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Ultrasound Assisted Surfactant Enhanced Emulsification Microextraction and Spectrofluorimetry for Determination of Oxadiazon in Agricultural Water Samples
In this work, an environmentally friendly sample pre-treatment method, Ultrasound Assisted Surfactant Enhanced Emulsification Microextraction (UASEME) followed with spectrofluorimetry was performed for determination of oxadiazon residues in water samples. After the determination of the most suitable extraction solvent and its volume, other parameters such as type and concentration of surfactant, pH, extraction time and ionic strength were optimized. Under the best conditions for extraction recovery, 50µL of chlorobenzene was chosen as extraction solvent and Tween 20 in concentration of 0.06 mmol/L as emulsifier and 2 min was the required time for quantitative analysis, without ionic strength and pH adjustment. Limit of detection and relative standard deviation were calculated as 0.05µg/L and 3.2% respectively. The procedure was applied successfully for assessing matrix effect in real water samples with relative recovery 96-104% with the precision in the range of 2.9-3.4%. The results demonstrate that UASEME procedure as reported is reliable, rapid and easy to use for analysis of oxadiazon in water samples.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_11802_e702f8357a9f08809d1a4228735f925e.pdf
2014-12-01
41
49
10.30492/ijcce.2014.11802
Ultrasound assisted microextraction
Surfactant enhanced emulsification microextraction
Oxadiazon
Spectrofluorimetry
Sana
Berijani
berijani@gmail.com
1
Young Researchers and Elite Club, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Golnar
Ahmadi
2
Young Researchers and Elite Club, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] Tomlin C., "The Pesticide Manual", 11th ed., World Compendium, British Crop Protectio Council, Farnham, UK, (1997).
1
[2] "Extension Toxicological Network (EXTOXNET)", University of California-Davis, Oregon State University, Michigan State University and the University of Idaho.
2
[3] Lin Y.J., Lin C., Yeh K.J., Lee A., Photodegradation of the Herbicides Butachlor and Ronstar Using Natural Sunlight and Diethyamine, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 64:780-785 (2000).
3
[4] Boyd-Boland A.A., Pawliszyn J.B., Chromatogr A. J., Solid Phase Microextraction of Nitrogen Containing Herbicides,J. Chromatogr A., 704: 163-172 (1995).
4
[5] Navalon A., Prieto A., Araujo L., Vilchez J.L.,Determination of Tebufenpyrad and Oxadiazon by Solid Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry,Chromatographia, 54: 377-382 (2001).
5
[6] Guillermo Q., Sergio A., Javier M., Salvador G., Agustin P., Miguel de la G,, HPLC Determination
6
of Oxadiazon in Commercial Pesticide Formulations, J. Braz, Chem. Soc. , 19: 1394-1398 (2008).
7
[7] Tanabe A., Mitobe H., Kawata K., Sakai M., Monitoring of Herbicides in River Water by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Solid-Phase Extraction, J. Chromatogr. A., 754: 159-168 (1996).
8
[8] Riley M.B., Keese R.J., Comparison of Solid Phase Extraction Techniques for Herbicides, Weed Sci., 44: 689-693 (1996).
9
[9] Ying G.G., Williams B., Health B.,The Degradation of Oxadiazon and Oxyfluorfen by Photolysis, J. Environ, Sci., 34: 397-567 (1999).
10
[10] Rezaee M., Assadi Y., Milani Hosseini M.R., Aghaee E., Ahmadi F., berijani S., Determination of Organic Compounds in Water Using Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction, J. Chromatogr A.,, 1116: 1-9 (2006).
11
[11] Berijani S., Assadi Y., Anbia M., Milani Hosseini M.R., Aghaee E., Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Combined with Gas Chromatography-Flame Photometric Detection Very Simple, Rapid and Sensitive Method for the Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Water,J. Chromatogr A.,1123: 1-9 (2006).
12
[12] Montes R., Rodriguez I., Ramil M., Rubi E., Cela R., Solid-Phase Extraction Followed by Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for the Sensitive Determination of Selected Fungicides in Wine, J. Chromatogr. A., 1216: 5459-5466 (2009).
13
[13] Wu Q., Zhou X., Li Y., Zang X., Wang C., Wang Z., Application of Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Combined with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography to the Determination of Carbamate Pesticides in Water Samples, Anal Bioanal Chem., 393: 1755-1761 (2009).
14
[14] Chen H., Ying J., Huang J., Liao L., Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Followed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography as an Efficient and Sensitive Technique for Simultaneous Determination of Chloramphenicol and Thiamphenicol in Honey, Anal. Chim. Acta, 632: 80-85 (2009).
15
[15] Tasi W.C., Huang S.D., Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction with Little Solvent Consumption Combined with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for the Pretreatment of Organochlorine Pesticides in Aqueous Samples, J Chromatogr A., 1216: 5171-5175 (2009).
16
[16] Chamsaz M., Hossein-Poor-Zaryab M., Arab-Zavar M.H., Darroudi A., Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Drop Combined with Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Preconcentration and Determination of Thallium(III) in Water Samples, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), , 33(1): 59-66 (2014)
17
[17] Regueiro J., Liompart M., Garcia-Jares C., Garcia-Monteagudo J.C., Cela R., Ultrasound-Assisted Emulsification-Microextraction of Eemergent Contaminants and Pesticides in Environmental Waters, J. Chromatogr. A., 1190: 27-38 (2008).
18
[18] Fontana A.R., Wuilloud R.G., Martinez L.D., Altaminaro J.C., Simple Approach Based on Ultrasound-Assisted Emulsification-Microextraction for Determination of Polibrominated Flame Retardants in Water Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A., 216: 147-153 (2009).
19
[19] Ozcan S., Tor A., Emin Aydin M., Determination of Selected Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Water Samples by Ultrasound-Assisted Emulsification-Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass-Selective Detection, Anal. Chim. Acta., 647: 182-188 (2009).
20
[20] Ozcan S., Tor A., Emin Aydin M.,Application of Ultrasound-Assisted Emulsification-Micro-Extraction for the Analysis of Organochlorine Pesticides in Waters, Water Res., 43: 4269-4227 (2009).
21
[21] Jia C.H., Zhu X.D., Chen L., He M., Yu P.Z., Zhao E.C., Extraction of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Water and Juice Using Ultrasound-Assisted Emulsification–Mixroextraction, J. Sep. Sci., 33: 244-250 (2010).
22
[22] Wu C., Liu N., Wu Q., Wang C., Wang Z., Application of Ultrasound-Assisted Surfactant-Enhanced Emulsification Microextraction for the Determination of Some Organophosphorus Pesticides in Water Samples, Anal. Chim. Acta., 679: 56-62 (2010).
23
[23] Filik H., Giray D., Cloud Point Extraction for Speciation of Iron in Beer Samples by Spectrophotometry, Food Chem.,130: 209-213 (2012).
24
[24] Sun M., Wu Q., Determination of Trace Bismuth in Human Serum by Cloud Point Extraction Coupled Flow Injection Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry, J. Hazard. Mater., 192: 935-939 (2011).
25
[25] Amin A.S., Cloud-Point Extraction and Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Quantities of Bismuth in Environmental Water and Biological Samples, Spectroscopy letters, 44: 424-431 (2011).
26
[26] Paleologos E.K., Giokas D.L., Karayannis M.I., Micelle - Mediated Separation and Cloud-Point Extraction, TrendsAnal. Chem., 24: 426-436 (2005).
27
[27] Mitura J., Ishii H., Watanabe H., Extraction and Separation of Nickel Chelate of 1-(2-Thiazolylazo)-2-Naphthol in Nonionic Surfactant Solution, Bunseki Kagaku, 25: 808-809 (1976).
28
[28] Wu Q.H., Chang Q.Y., Wu C.X., Rao H., Zeng X., Wang C., Wang Z., Ultrasound-Assisted Surfactant-Enhanced Emulsification Microextraction for the Determination of Carbamate Pesticides in Water Samples by High Performance Liquid Chromatography, J. Chromatogr A., 1217: 1773-1778 (2010).
29
[29] Cheng J., Xia Y., Zhou Y., Guo F., Chen G., Application of an Ultrasound-Assisted Surfactant-Enhanced Emulsification Microextraction Method for the Analysis of Diethofencarb and Pyrimethanil Fungicides in Water and Fruit Juice Samples, Anal. Chim. Acta., 701: 86-91 (2011).
30
[30] Guoqiang X., Shengping W., Xiuming J.,. Xing L, Lijun H., Determination of Trace Copper(II) in Food Samples by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry After Cloud Point Extraction, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 30(3):101-107 (2011).
31
[31] Cheng J., Matsadiq G., Liu L., Zhou Y.W., Chen G., Development of a Novel Ultrasound-Assisted Surfactant-Enhanced Emulsification Microextraction Method and Its Application to the Analysis of Eleven Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons at Trace Levels in Water, J Chromatogr A., 1218. p. 2476-2482 (2011).
32
[32] Navalo´n A., Prieto A., Araujo L., V´ılchez J.L., Determination of Oxadiazon Residues by Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry, J. Chromatogr A., 946: 239-245 (2002).
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Ionic Liquid Based Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction and Enhanced Determination of the Palladium in Water, Soil and Vegetable Samples by FAAS
In this study, we combined Ionic Liquid-based Dispersive Liquid Liquid Micro Extraction (IL-DLLME) with FAAS for determining the palladium in different real samples at the trace level. 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [Hmim][PF6] ionic liquid and 1-(2-pyridylazo) 2-naphthol (PAN), were chosen as the extraction solvent and the chelating agent, respectively. The hydrophobic Pd–PAN complex was extracted into the [Hmim][PF6] and separated from the aqueous phase. Then, the concentration of the enriched palladium in the sediment phase was determined by FAAS. Some effective parameters that would influence the FAAS signals and the microextraction efficiency, such as concentration of the chelating agent, pH, amount of the ionic liquid, type of disperser solvent and diluting agent, ionic strength, extraction and centrifugation times were investigated and optimized. Under optimum experimental conditions, the detection limit (3s) and enhancement factor were 3.2 μg/L and 16.2, respectively.The Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) was 1.2% at a concentration of 50 μg/L. The developed method was successfully applied for determining trace amounts of the palladium in the water, soil and vegetable samples.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_11803_6eb8bcca0e143edd7bbfc202c105ebae.pdf
2014-12-01
51
58
10.30492/ijcce.2014.11803
Palladium
Ionic liquid
dispersive liquid liquid microextraction
Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy
Soleiman
Bahar
soleimanbahar.60@gmail.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416 Sanandaj, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Razieh
Zakerian
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416 Sanandaj, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Rao C., Reddi G., Platinum Group Metals (PGM); Occurrence, Use and Recent Trends in Their Determination, Trends Anal. Chem., 19: 565-585 (2000).
1
[2] Farhadi K., Teimouri G., Flame Atomic Absorption Determination of Palladium in Solutions after Preconcentration Using Octadecyl Silica Membrane Disks Modified by Thioridazine·HCl, Talanta, 65: 925-929 (2005).
2
[3] Godlewska-Zylkiewicz B., Preconcentration and Separation Procedures for the Spectrochemical Determination of Platinum and Palladium, Microchim Acta, 147: 189-210 (2004).
3
[4] Soylak M., Tuzen M., Coprecipitation of Gold(III), Palladium(II) and Lead(II) for Their Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determinations, J. Hazard. Mater., 152: 656-661 (2008).
4
[5] Anthemidis A.N., Themelis D.G., Stratis J.A., Stopped-Flow Injection Liquid-Liquid Extraction Spectrophotometric Determination of Palladium in Airborne Particulate Matter and Automobile Catalysts, Talanta, 54: 37-43 (2001).
5
[6] Ojeda C.B., Rojas F.S., Pavon J.M.C., On-Line Preconcentration of Palladium(II) Using a Microcolumn Packed with a Chelating Resin, and Its Subsequent Determination by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Microchim. Acta, 158: 103-110 (2007).
6
[7] Jamali M.R., Assadi Y., Shemirani F., Salavati-Niasari M., Application of Thiophene-2-Carbaldehyde-Modified Mesoporous Silica as a New Sorbent for Separation and Preconcentration of Palladium Prior to Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometric Determination, Talanta, 71: 1524-1529 (2007).
7
[8] Hassanien M.M., FAAS Determination of Palladium After Its Selective Recovery by Silica Modified with Hydrazone Derivative, Microchim. Acta, 167: 81-89 (2009).
8
[9] Shemirani F., Kozani R.R., Jamali M.R., Assadi Y., Hosseini M.R.M., Cloud-point Extraction, Preconcentration, and Spectrophotometric Determination of Palladium in Water Samples, Inter. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 86: 1105-1112 (2006).
9
[10] Daniel S., Babu P.E., Rao T.P., Preconcentrative Separation of Palladium(II) Using Palladium(II) Ion-Imprinted Polymer Particles Formed with Different Quinoline Derivatives and Evaluation of Binding Parameters Based on Adsorption Isotherm Models, Talanta, 65(2): 441-452 (2005).
10
[11] Herrera-Herrera A.V., Asensio-Ramos M., Hernandez-Borges J., Rodriguez-Delgado M.A., Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for Determination of Organic Analytes, Trends Anal. Chem., 29: 728-751 (2010).
11
[12] Zang X.H., Wu Q.H., Zhang M.Y., Wang Z., Developments of Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Technique, Chinese J. Anal. Chem., 37: 161-168 (2009).
12
[13] Anthemidis A.N., Ioannou K.I.G., Recent Developments in Homogeneous and Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Extraction for Inorganic Elements Determination: A Review., Talanta, 80: 413-421 (2009).
13
[14] Sun P., Armstrong D.W., Ionic Liquids in Analytical Chemistry, Anal. Chim. Acta, 661: 1-16 (2010).
14
[15] Koel M., "Ionic Liquids in Chemical Analysis", Taylor & Francis Group, New York (2009).
15
[16] Dean J.R., "Method for Environmental Trace Analysis", John Wiley (2003).
16
[17] Oymak T., Tokalıoğlu S., Yılmaz V., Kartal Ş., Aydın D., Determination of Lead and Cadmium in Food Samples by the Coprecipitation Method, Food Chemistry, 113: 1314-1317 (2009).
17
[18] Kokya T.A., Optimization of Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for the Selective Determination of Trace Amounts of Palladium by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, J. Hazard. Mater., 169: 726-733 (2009).
18
[19] Liang P., Zhao E., Li F., Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Preconcentration of Palladium in Water Samples and Determination by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Talanta, 77: 1854-1857 (2009).
19
[20] Shokoufi F., Shemirani F., Assadi Y., Fiber Optic-Linear Array Detection Spectrophotometry in Combination with Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for Simultaneous Preconcentration and Determination of Palladium and Cobalt, Anal. Chim. Acta, 597: 349-356 (2007).
20
[21] Mohamadi M.A., Mostafavi M.A., A Novel Solidified Floating Organic Drop Microextraction Based on Ultrasound-Dispersion for Separation and Preconcentration of Palladium in Aqueous Samples, Talanta, 81: 309-313 (2010).
21
[22] Vaezzadeh M., Shemirani F., Majidi B., Microextraction Technique Based on Ionic Liquid for Preconcentration and Determination of Palladium in Food Additive, Sea Water, Tea and Biological Samples, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48: 1455-1460 (2010).
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Simultaneous Determination of Hydrochlorothiazide and Enalapril Maleate in Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry
A new Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR) spectrometric method was developed for assaying hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) and enalapril maleate (ENM) in binary solid pharmaceutical formulations. Multivariate Partial Least Squares (PLS) method was used for calibration of derivative spectral data. Acetonitrile was used as solvent due to its spectral transparency and adequate solubility of analytes in it. A 4- levels full factorial design of binary standard solutions of HCT and ENM were prepared and used for calibration in the spectral range of 1550-1800 cm-1. Statistical parameters such as correlation coefficient(R), Standard Error of Estimation (SEE), Standard Error of Prediction (SEP), and Standard Error of Cross Validation (SECV) have been evaluated and used for selecting of optimizing of parameters. Correlation coefficients were 0.9990 and 0.9995 and Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) were 1.97% and 1.35% (n=5) for HCT and ENM, respectively. Detection limits of ENM and HCT were obtained 0.54 and 0.99 mg/mL respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the determination of the over mentioned drugs in laboratory-prepared mixtures and in commercial tablets. This method has suitable accuracy, precision, repeatability and is comparable with reference standard methods.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_11806_9ec7b30e06db4d97d0c0426af0fc665c.pdf
2014-12-01
59
68
10.30492/ijcce.2014.11806
FT-IR
Pharmaceutical formulation
Simultaneous determination
Quantitative analysis
Hydrochlorothiazide
Enalapril maleate
Seyyed Hamid
Ahmadi
ahmadi@ccerci.ac.ir
1
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Hassan
Tavakoli
h.tavakoli@modares.ac.ir
2
Department of Chemistry, Emam Ali University, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Majid
Amirzadeh
majidaz23@yahoo.com
3
Department of Chemistry, Emam Ali University, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Sangi
4
Department of Chemistry, Arak University, Arak, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Sweetman S.C. (ed), “Martindale: the Complete Drug Reference”, 35th ed., The Pharmaceutical Press, London, (2007).
1
[2] Block J., Beal J.M. (eds), “Wilson and Gisvold’s Textbook of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry”, 11th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, (2004).
2
[3] Patil P.S., More N., Difference Spectrophotometric Estimation of Enalapril Maleate from Tablet Dosage Form, Internat. J. Res. Pharmac. Biomed. Sci., 2: 629-633 (2011).
3
[4] Dubey S., Kum S., Mudakavi R.J., Deshpande S., Development and Validation of UV–Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Enalapril Maleate, International Journal of Advance Pharmaceutical Science, 1: 375- 386 (2010).
4
[5] Rahman N., Manirul Haque S.K., Optimized and Validated Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Enalapril Maleate in Commercial Dosage Forms, Analytical Chemical Insights, 3: 31-43 (2008).
5
[6] Oliva M.D.A., Sombra L.L., Olsinal R.A., Masi A.N., A New Fluorescent Assay for Enalapril Maleate, Journal of Fluorescence, 15: 723-735 (2005).
6
[7] Hillaert S., Van-Den-Bossche W., The Quantitative Determination of Several Inhibitors of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme by CE, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 25: 775-783 (2001).
7
[8] Bharat G.C., Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Enalapril Maleate and Amlodipine Besylate in Combined Dosage Form, Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2: 54-69 (2012).
8
[9] Dinc E., Uzdemir A., Baleanu D.J.A., New Application of Chemometric Techniques to HPLC Data for the Simultaneous Analysis of a Two-Component Mixture, Liquid Chromatography and Related Technologies, 28: 2179-2194 (2005).
9
[10] Pisarev V.V., Moskaleva N.E., Zverkov Y.B., Smirnova L.B., Belolipetskaya V.G., Sukhanov Y.V., HPLC/MS Determination of Enalapril and Enalaprilat in the Blood Plasma, Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 39: 104-107 (2005).
10
[11] The British Pharmacopoeia, The Stationery Office, London, (Electronic version) (2010).
11
[12] Omar M.A., Spectrophotometric and Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Certain Diuretics through Ternary Complex Formation with Eosin and Lead (II), Journal of Fluorescence, 20: 275-281 (2010).
12
[13] Shah D.A., Bhatt K.K., Mehta R.S., Baldania S.L., Determination of Nebivolol Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide in Tablets by Firstorder Derivative Spectrophotometry and Liquid Chromatography, Journal of AOAC International, 91: 1075-1088 (2008).
13
[14] Stolarczy K.M., Apola A., Krzek J., Lech K., Simultaneous Determination of Triamterene and Hydrochlorothiazide in Tablets Using Derivative Spectrophotometry, Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica, 65: 283-298 (2008).
14
[15] Mohammadpour K., Sohrabi M.R., Jourabchi A., Continuous Wavelet and Derivative Transform Applied to the Overlapping Spectra for the Quantitative Spectrophotometric Multi-Resolution of Triamterene and Hydrochlorothiazide in Their Tablets, Talanta, 81: 1821-1836 (2010).
15
[16] Vijayasree V., Pallavan C., Seshagiri Rao J.V., Development and Validation of an RP-HPLC Method for the Estimation of Hydrochlorothiazide in Tablet Dosage Forms, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 4: 1052-1066 (2013).
16
[17] Rane V.P., Sangshetti J.N., Shinde D.B., Simultaneous High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Telmisartan and Hydrochlorothiazide in Pharmaceutical Preparation, Journal of Chromatographic Sciences, 46: 887-892 (2008).
17
[18] Yan T., Li H., Deng L., Guo Y., Yu W., Fawcett J.P., Liquid Chromatographic-Tandem Mass Spectrometric Method for the Simultaneous Quantitation of Telmisartan and Hydrochlorothiazide in Human Plasma, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 48: 1225-1233 (2008).
18
[19] Kumar V., Shah R.P., Singh S., LC and LC-MS Methods for the Investigation of Polypills for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Part 1. Separation of Active Components and Classification of Their Interaction/ Degradation Products, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 47: 508-522 (2008).
19
[20] Sowjanya G., Gangadhar P., Ramalingeswara Rao P., Subrahmanyam P., Suresh P., Simultaneous UV Spectrphotometric Estimation of Enalapril Maleate and Hydrochlorothiazide in Tablets, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 4: 3483-3495 (2012).
20
[21] Mariusz S., Anna M., Jan K., Joanna M., Application of Derivative Spectrophotometry for Determination of Enalapril, Hydrochlorothiazide and Walsartan in Complex Pharmaceutical Preparations, Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica, 65: 275-283 (2008).
21
[22] Walily E.l., Belal A.F., Heaba S.F., El E.A., Kersh A.A., Simultaneous Determination of Enalapril Maleate and Hydrochlorothiazide by First Derivative Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 13: 851-866 (1995).
22
[23] Hillaert S., De Grauwe K., Van den Bossche W., Simultaneous Determination of Hydrochlorothiazide and Several Inhibitors of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme by Capillary Electrophoresis, Journal of Chromatography A, 924: 439- 446 (2001).
23
[24] Kondawar M., Gaikwad R., Apate V., Ravetkar A., High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Determination of Enalapril Maleate and Hydrochlorothiazide in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form, International Journal of PharmTech Research, 3: 1454-1464 (2011).
24
[25] Elsebaei F., Zhu Y., Fast Gradient High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method with UV Detection for Simultaneous Determination of seven Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Together with Hydrochlorothiazide in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Spiked Human Plasma and Urine, Talanta, 85: 123-133 (2011).
25
[26] Gonzalez O., Iriarte, G., Rico E., Ferreiro´ N., Maguregui M.I., Alonso R.M., LC–MS/MS Method for the Determination of Severa Drugs Used in Combined Cardiovascular Therapy in Human Plasma, Journal of Chromatography B, 878: 2685-2693 (2010).
26
[27] Uslu B., Ozden T., HPLC and UPLC Methods for the Simultaneous Determination of Enalapril and Hydrochlorothiazide in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Chromatographia, 76: 1487-1498 (2013).
27
[28] Masoum S., Alishahi A.R., Farahmand H., Shekarchi M., Prieto N., Determination of Protein and Moisture in Fishmeal by Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy and Multivariate Regression Based on Partial Least Squares, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 31(3): 51-59 (2012).
28
[29] Khaskheli M.A., Sherazi S.T.H., Ujan H.M., Mahesar S.A., Transmission FT-IR Spectroscopic Analysis of Human Kidney Stones, Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 36(3): 477-483 (2012).
29
[30] Mahesar S.A., Sherazi S.T.H., Kandhro A.A., Bhanger M.I., Khaskheli A.R., Talpur M.Y., Evaluation of Important Fatty Acid Ratios in Poultry Feed Lipids by ATR FTIR Spectroscopy, Vibrational Spectroscopy, 57(2): 177-187 (2011).
30
[31] Sherazi S.T.H., Ali M., Mahesar M.A., Application of Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Transmission Spectroscopy for the Estimation of Roxithromycin in Pharmaceutical Formulation, Vibrational Spectroscopy, 55(1): 115-121 (2011).
31
[32] Kargosha K.,Ahmadi S.H., Ghassempour A., Arshadi M.R., Simultaneous Determination of the Pesticide Naptalam and Its Metabolites in Natural Water by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry, Analyst, 124: 367-376 (1999).
32
[33] Kargosha K., Ahmadi S.H., Simultaneous Determination of Sulphamethoxazole and Trimethoprim in Co-Trimoxazole Tablats by First Derivative FTIR Spectrometry, Anal. Lett, 32(8): 1613-1619 (1999).
33
[34] Harvey D., “Modern Analytical Chemistry”, McGraw- Hill, New York, (2000).
34
[35] Asadi S., Gharbani P.,Simultaneous Determination of Sulfamethoxazole and Phthalazine by HPLC and Multivariate Calibration Methods, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 32(2): 1-15 (2013).
35
[36] Haaland D.M., Thomas E.V., Partial Least-Squares Methods for Spectral Analyses. 1. Relation to Other Quantitative Calibration Methods and the Extraction of Qualitative Information, Anal. Chem.,60(11): 1193-1202 (1988).
36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Carmine Adsorption from Aqueous Solution by Crosslinked Peanut Husk
To observe the feasibility of the removal of carmine, peanut husk, an agriculture by-product, was crosslinked with epichlorohydrin in alkaline medium and used for adsorption of carmine from aqueous solution. Batch experiments were carried out to study the effects of various parameters such as initial pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and initial carmine concentration, as well as temperature on carmine adsorption. The results indicated that adsorption equilibrium data could be more effectively described by Langmuir isotherm equation than by Freundlich equation. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of peanut husk from the Langmuir model was 6.68 mg/gat 323 K. The pseudo second-order model provided a better fit to experimental data in the kinetic studies. The mass transfer model such as the intraparticle diffusion was applied to the experimental data to examine the mechanisms of the rate-controlling step. It was found that the intraparticle diffusion is the significant controlling step under the experimental conditions but it was not the unique one. The thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption process were also calculated by using constants derived from Langmuir equations, which propose an endothermic physical spontaneous adsorption process.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_11810_df56494b23e8aa693eff300e471a41e5.pdf
2014-12-01
69
77
10.30492/ijcce.2014.11810
Peanut husk
Adsorption
Carmine
Isotherm
Kinetics
Thermodynamics
Yinghua
Song
yhswjyhs@126.com
1
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, CHINA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Yi
Liu
2
Voith Corporate Management Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200120, CHINA
AUTHOR
Shengming
Chen
3
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, CHINA
AUTHOR
Hongxia
Qin
4
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, CHINA
AUTHOR
Hui
Xu
5
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, CHINA
AUTHOR
[1] Zahrim A.Y., Tizaoui C., Hilal N., Coagulation with Polymers for Nanofiltration Pre-Treatment of Highly Concentrated Dyes:A Review, Desalination, 266: 1-16 (2011).
1
[2] Sharma P., Kaur H.,Sugarcane Bagasse for the Removal of Erythrosin B and Methylene Blue from Aqueous Waste, Appl. Water Sci., 1: 135- 145 (2011).
2
[3] Han R., Ding D., Xu Y., et al., Use of Rice Husk for the Adsorption of Congo Red from Aqueous Solution in Column Mode, Bioresour Technol, 99: 2938- 2946 (2008).
3
[4] Khenifi A., Bouberka Z., Sekrance F., et al., Adsorption Study of an Industrial Dye by An Organic Clay, Adsorption, 13: 149-158 (2007).
4
[5] Ansari R., Seyghali B., Mohammad Khah A., Ali Zanjanchi M., Highly Efficient Adsorption of Anionic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions Using Sawdust Modified by Cationic Surfactant of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide, Surfact Deterg., 15:557-565(2012).
5
[6] Kumar K.V., Kumaran A., Removal of Methylene Blue by Mango Seed Kernel Powder, Biochem. Eng. J., 27: 83-93 (2005).
6
[7] Robinson T., Chandran B., Nigam P.,Removal of Dyes from a Synthetic Textile Dye Effluent by Biosorption on Apple Pomace and Wheat Straw, Water Research, 36: 2824- 2830 (2002).
7
[8] Gong R., Ding Y., Li M., et al.,Utilization of Powdered Peanut Hull as Biosorbent for Removal of Anionic Dyes from Aqueous Solution, Dyes Pigments, 64: 187- 192(2005).
8
[9] Dursun O., Gulbeyi D., Ahmet O., Methylene Blue Adsorption from Aqueous Solution by Dehydrated Peanut Hull, Journal of Hazardous Materials.,144: 171-179(2007).
9
[10] Romero L.C., Boncomo A., Gonzo E.E., Acid Activated Carbons form Peanut Shells:synthesis, Characterization and Uptake of Organic Compounds from Aqueous Solutions, Adsorp. Sci. Technol., 21: 617-626 (2001).
10
[11] Yinghua Song, Yi Liu, Shengming Chen et al., Sunset Yellow Adsorption by Peanut Husk in Batch Mode, F.Environ. Bull., 23(4): 1074- 1079 (2014).
11
[12] Ricordel S., Taha S., Cisse I. et al., Heavy Metal Removal by Adsorption Onto Peanut Husks Carbon:Characterization, Kinetic Study and Modeling, Sep. Purif. Technol., 24: 389-401(2004).
12
[13] Gonzo E.E., Gonzo L.F., Kinetics of Phenol Removal from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption onto Peanut Shell Acid Activated Carbon, Adsorp. Sci. Technol., 23: 289- 302 (2005).
13
[14] Allen S.J., Gan Q., Mattews R. et al., Mass Transfer Processes in the Adsorption of Basic Dye by Peanut Hulls, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44: 1942-1949 (2005).
14
[15] Gracia-Delgado R.A., Cotoruelo-Minguez L.M., Rodriguez J.J., Equilibrium Study of Single-Solute Adsorption of Anion Surfactants with Polymeric XAD Resins, Sep. Sci. & Technol., 27: 975-987 (1992).
15
[16] John P.B., Marios T., Removal of Hazardous Organic Pollutants by Biomass Adsorption, J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 59: 191- 198 (1987).
16
[17] Lagergren S., About the Theory of So-Called Adsorption of Soluble Substances, Kungliga Svenska Vetensk. Handl, 24: 1- 39 (1898).
17
[18] Ho Y.S., McKay G., Pseudo-Second Order Model for Sorption Processes, Process Biochem., 34: 451-465 (1999).
18
[19] McKay G., The Adsorption of Dyestuffs from Aqueous Solution Using Activated Carbon: Analytical Solution for Batch Adsorption Based in External Mass Transfer and Pore Diffusion, Chemical Engineering Journal, 27: 187-196 (1983).
19
[20] Weber W.J., Morriss J.C., Sanit J., Kinetics of Adsorption on Carbon from Solution, Eng. Div. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 89: 31-60 (1963).
20
[21] Kalvathy M.H., Karthikeyan T., Rajgopal S. et al., Kinetic and Isotherm Studies of Cu(II) Adsorption Onto H3PO4-Activated Rubber Wood Sawdust, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 292: 354-362 (2005).
21
[22] Abd EI-Latif M.M., Ibrahim A.M., EI-Kady M.F., Adsorption Equilibrium, Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions Using Biopolymer Oak Sawdust Composite, J. Am. Sci., 6(6): 267- 283 (2010).
22
[23] Vimonses V., Lei S., Jin B. et al., Kinetic Study and Equilibrium Isotherm Analysis of Congo Red Adsorption by Clay Materials, Chemical Engineering Journal, 148: 354- 364 (2009).
23
[24] Sen T.K., Afroze S., Ang H., Equilibrium, Kinetics and Mechanism of Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption Onto Pine Cone Biomass of Pinus Radiata. Water Air Soil Pollut, 218: 499-515 (2011).
24
[25] Han X., Niu X., Ma X., Adsorption Characteristics of Methylene Blue on Polar Leaf in Batch Mode: Equilibrium, Kinetics and Thermodynamics, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 29(4), 494-502 (2012).
25
[26] Ghaedi M., Tashkhourian J., Pebdani A.A., et al., Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study of Removal of Reactive Orange 12 on Platinum Nanoparticle Loaded on Activated Carbon as Novel Adsorbent. Ana F.N., Korean J. Chem. Eng., 28 (12) 2255- 2261 (2011).
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Supercritical Fluid Extraction of β-Carotene from Crude Palm Oil Using CO2 in a Bubbler Extractor: Mass Transfer Study
In this study, the diffusivity and volumetric mass transfer coefficients for the extraction of β-carotene from crude palm oil using CO2 solvent in supercritical fluid were determined in the pressure range of 7.5-17.5 MPa and temperature range of 80-120 ºC. For this purpose, a statistical method was applied in order to minimize the number of experiments required. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient for the extraction of β-carotene was then correlated as a function of pressure, temperature and extraction time in order to study the effect of each of these variables on the coefficient. The experimental results showed that the maximum volumetric mass transfer coefficient was around 2.486 × 10-2 s-1 at pressure of 7.5 MPa, temperature of 100 ºC and extraction time of 1 hour. The minimum volumetric mass transfer coefficient was 0.046 × 10-2 s-1 at pressure of 17.5 MPa, temperature of 120 ºC and extraction time of 5 hours. The optimum volumetric mass transfer coefficient was statistically obtained around 6.700 × 10-3 s-1 at pressure of 17.7 MPa, temperature of 100.5 ºC and extraction time of 3.9 hours.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_11807_5660ec13fadba72b5e6a8e592959a563.pdf
2014-12-01
79
87
10.30492/ijcce.2014.11807
β-Carotene
diffusion
Extraction
Mass transfer
Optimization
Supercritical fluid
Reza
Davarnejad
r-davarnejad@araku.ac.ir
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, P.O. Box 38156-8-8349 Arak, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Norazlila Mohammad
Niza
2
School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, MALYSIA
AUTHOR
Shahrzad
Arpanahzadeh
3
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, P.O. Box 38156-8-8349 Arak, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Melika
Zakeri
4
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, P.O. Box 38156-8-8349 Arak, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Zahrim A.Y., Tizaoui C., Hilal N., Coagulation with Polymers for Nanofiltration Pre-Treatment of Highly Concentrated Dyes:A Review, Desalination, 266: 1-16 (2011).
1
[2] Sharma P., Kaur H.,Sugarcane Bagasse for the Removal of Erythrosin B and Methylene Blue from Aqueous Waste, Appl. Water Sci., 1: 135- 145 (2011).
2
[3] Han R., Ding D., Xu Y., et al., Use of Rice Husk for the Adsorption of Congo Red from Aqueous Solution in Column Mode, Bioresour Technol, 99: 2938- 2946 (2008).
3
[4] Khenifi A., Bouberka Z., Sekrance F., et al., Adsorption Study of an Industrial Dye by An Organic Clay, Adsorption, 13: 149-158 (2007).
4
[5] Ansari R., Seyghali B., Mohammad Khah A., Ali Zanjanchi M., Highly Efficient Adsorption of Anionic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions Using Sawdust Modified by Cationic Surfactant of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide, Surfact Deterg., 15:557-565(2012).
5
[6] Kumar K.V., Kumaran A., Removal of Methylene Blue by Mango Seed Kernel Powder, Biochem. Eng. J., 27: 83-93 (2005).
6
[7] Robinson T., Chandran B., Nigam P.,Removal of Dyes from a Synthetic Textile Dye Effluent by Biosorption on Apple Pomace and Wheat Straw, Water Research, 36: 2824- 2830 (2002).
7
[8] Gong R., Ding Y., Li M., et al.,Utilization of Powdered Peanut Hull as Biosorbent for Removal of Anionic Dyes from Aqueous Solution, Dyes Pigments, 64: 187- 192(2005).
8
[9] Dursun O., Gulbeyi D., Ahmet O., Methylene Blue Adsorption from Aqueous Solution by Dehydrated Peanut Hull, Journal of Hazardous Materials.,144: 171-179(2007).
9
[10] Romero L.C., Boncomo A., Gonzo E.E., Acid Activated Carbons form Peanut Shells:synthesis, Characterization and Uptake of Organic Compounds from Aqueous Solutions, Adsorp. Sci. Technol., 21: 617-626 (2001).
10
[11] Yinghua Song, Yi Liu, Shengming Chen et al., Sunset Yellow Adsorption by Peanut Husk in Batch Mode, F.Environ. Bull., 23(4): 1074- 1079 (2014).
11
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[21] Kalvathy M.H., Karthikeyan T., Rajgopal S. et al., Kinetic and Isotherm Studies of Cu(II) Adsorption Onto H3PO4-Activated Rubber Wood Sawdust, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 292: 354-362 (2005).
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[22] Abd EI-Latif M.M., Ibrahim A.M., EI-Kady M.F., Adsorption Equilibrium, Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions Using Biopolymer Oak Sawdust Composite, J. Am. Sci., 6(6): 267- 283 (2010).
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[26] Ghaedi M., Tashkhourian J., Pebdani A.A., et al., Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study of Removal of Reactive Orange 12 on Platinum Nanoparticle Loaded on Activated Carbon as Novel Adsorbent. Ana F.N., Korean J. Chem. Eng., 28 (12) 2255- 2261 (2011).
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Chaos Control in a Non-Isothermal Autocatalytic Chemical Reactor
In this paper, a reaction system consisting of two parallel, non-isothermal autocatalytic reactions in a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) has been considered. Reactor chaotic behavior is possible for certain values of system parameters. Two types of controllers are designed and compared in order to control both the reactor temperature and the product concentration. The first controller is a linear state feedback type, designed based on the linearized model of the process and the second one is designed based on the Global Linearizing Control (GLC) strategy.Since the system states are not measured completely, a nonlinear observer has been used to estimate the system states. Finally, computer simulation is performed to show the effectiveness of the proposed schemes. Simulation results indicate that the GLC-based control scheme is more effective for set point tracking while the control scheme obtained using the linearized model of the process is more efficient for load rejection purposes.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_11808_a80a9887e5364de25c5b6269ed71a029.pdf
2014-12-01
89
97
10.30492/ijcce.2014.11808
Chaos Control
Autocatalytic reaction
Input-output linearization
Observer
Shabnam
Rasoulian
1
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9465 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Shahrokhi
shahrokhi@sharif.edu
2
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9465 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hassan
Salarieh
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9567 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Davarnejad R., Kassim K.M., Zainal A., Sata S.A, Solubility of β-Carotene from Crude Palm Oil in High Temperature and High Pressure Carbon Dioxide, Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 54(8): 2200-2207 (2009).
1
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[4] Davarnejad R., Kassim K.M., Zainal A., Sata S.A., Supercritical Fluid Extraction of β-Carotene from Crude Palm Oil Using CO2, Journal of Food Engineering, 89(4):472-478 (2008).
4
[5] Subra P., Castellani S., Ksibi H., Garrabos Y., Contribution to the Determination of the Solubility of β-carotene in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide: Experimental Data and Modeling, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 131(1-2):269-286 (1997).
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[6] Shi J., Kakuda Y., Zhou X., Mittal G., Pan Q., Correlation of Mass Transfer Coefficient in the Extraction of Plant Oil in a Fixed Bed for Supercritical CO2, Journal of Food Engineering, 78(1): 33-40 (2007).
6
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[9] Ghoreishi S.M., Akgerman A., Dispersion Coefficients of Supercritical Fluid in Fixed Beds, Separation and Purification Technology, 39(1-2): 39-50 (2004).
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[10] King, M.B., Bott T.R., “Extraction of Natural Products Using Near-Critical Solvents”, Glasgow Publisher, New York (1993).
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[11] Catchpole O.J., Tallon S.J., Eltringham W.E., Grey J.B., Fenton K.A., Vagi E.M., Vyssotski M.V., MacKenzie A.N., Ryan J., Zhu Y., The Extraction and Fractionation of Specialty Lipids Using Near Critical Fluids, Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 47(3): 591-597 (2009).
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[14] Reid R.C., Prausnitz J.M., Poling B.E., “The Properties of Gases and Liquids”, 4th edition, McGraw-Hill, New York (1987).
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15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Biomimetic TCF Bleaching of Pulp by Simple Inorganic Complexes of Cupric/Cobalt Acetate
Oxygen delignified kraft pulp from eucalyptus (E. urophylla × E. grandis) was catalytically pretreated in aerobic condition using ammonium persulfate in present of catalists like cupric acetate and/or cobalt acetate in acetic acid-water solution, i. e. S2O82--Cu2+, S2O82--Co2+ and S2O82--(Cu2++Co2+). Final bleached pulp after pretreatment with the three catalytic systems showed higher delignification (23.45%, 21.85% and 19.63% respectively), better optical properties (82.93, 82.18 and 81.92% ISO brightness respectively) and pulp viscosity (787, 791 and 762 mL/g respectively; mL/g: intrinsic viscosity unit of pulp)than the control pulp (14.12% delignification, 77.33% ISO brightness and 746 mL/g viscosity). S2O82--Cu2+ and S2O82--Co2+ showed similar reduction in hydrogen peroxide consumption (61.91%, 62.48%), and S2O82--(Cu2++Co2+) showed a greater reduction in hydrogen peroxide consumption than the two treatments (83.05%). Some improvements in tensile and tear strength of the resulting pulp were observed. The new sequence also yields composite effluents with larger percentage of lignin aromatic compounds compared to the control.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_11809_fc44955c2f0b3bde8f54cf700c0177b8.pdf
2014-12-01
99
105
10.30492/ijcce.2014.11809
Cupric/cobalt acetate
Ammonium persulfate
TCF bleaching
Eucalyptus pulp
Aromatic compounds
Xue Fei
Zhou
lgdx602@sina.com
1
Kunming University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box A302-12, Building No. 5, Xinying Yuan, No. 50, Huancheng East Road, Kunming, 650051 Yunnan Province, CHINA
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] Gray P., Scott S.K., Autocatalytic Reactions in the Isothermal Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor, Oscillations and Instabilities in the System A+2B->3B; B->C, Chemical Engineering Science, 39: 1087-1097 (1984).
1
[2] Gray P., Scott S.K., Autocatalytic Reactions in the Isothermal, Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor, Isolas and other Forms of Multistability, Chemical Engineering Science, 38: 29-43(1983).
2
[3] Peng B., Scott D.K., Showalter K., Period Doubling and Chaos in a Three Variable Autocatalator, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 94: 5243-5246 (1990).
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[4] Lynch D.T., Rogers T.D., Wanke S.E., Chaos in a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor, Mathematical Modelling, 3: 103-116 (1982).
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[5] Lynch D.T., Chaotic Behavior of Reaction Systems: Consecutive Quadratic/Cubic Autocatalysis via Intermediates, Chemical Engineering Science, 48: 2103-2108 (1993).
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[6] Lynch D.T., Chaotic Behavior of Reaction Systems: Mixed Cubic and Quadratic Autocatalators, Chemical Engineering Science, 47: 4435-4444 (1992).
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[7] Lynch D.T., Chaotic Behavior of Reaction Systems: Parallel Cubic Autocatalators, Chemical Engineering Science, 47: 347-355 (1992).
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[8] Ajbar A., Stabilization of Chaotic Behavior in a Two Phase Autocatalytic Reactor, Chaos, Solitons & Fractals,12: 903-918 (2001).
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[10] Abashar M.E., Elnashaie S.S., Dynamic and Chaotic Behavior of Periodically Forced Fermentors for Bioethanol Production, Chemical Engineering Science, 65: 4894-4905 (2010).
10
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[12] Perez-Polo M., Perez-Monila M., Saddle-Focus Bifurcation and Chaotic Behavior of a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor Using PI Control, Chemical Engineering Science, 74: 79-92 (2012)
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[13] Elnashaie S.S., Abashar M.E., Teymour F.A., Bifurcation, Instability and Chaos in Fluidized Bed Catalytic Reactors with Consecutive Exothermic Chemical Reactions, Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 3: 1-33 (1993).
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[16] Alasty A., Salarieh H., Controlling the Chaos Using Fuzzy Estimation of OGY and Pyragas Controllers, Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 26: 379-392 (2005).
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[17] Salarieh H., Shahrokhi M., Indirect Adaptive Control of Discrete Chaotic Systems, Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 34: 1188-1201 (2006).
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[18] Salarieh H, Alasty A., Adaptive Control of Chaotic Systems with Stochatic Time Varying Unknown Parametes, Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 38, p. 168-177 (2008)
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[19] Salarieh H., Alasty A., Stabilizing Unstable Fixed Points of Chaotic Maps via Minimum Entropy Control, Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 37: 763-769, (2008).
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[20] Sadeghian H., Merat K., Salarieh H., Alasty A., On the Fuzzy Minimum Entropy Control to Stabilize the Unstable Fixed Points of Chaotic Maps, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 35: 1016-1023, (2011).
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[21] Rasoulian S., Shahrokhi M., Salarieh H., Control of a Chemical Reactor with Chaotic Dynamics, Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering (IJCCE), 29(4): 149-159 (2010).
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25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Glycerol and Stearic Acid as Plasticizer on Physical Properties of Benzylated Wheat Straw
The wheat straw as abundant lignocellulosic resource was successfully undergone in a benzylation reaction and plasticized with different contents (2.5, 3, 5 and 7 wt. %) of glycerol and stearic acid.The effect of type and concentration of plasticizers on the mechanical, thermomechanical, morphological and water absorption properties of Benzylated Wheat Straw (BWS) was investigated by tensile, Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) measurements and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), respectively. The experimental results show that addition of plasticizer may increase the elongation at break and may decrease the tensile strength for the sheet plasticized with 5% or 7% stearic acid and 3% or 5% glycerol. The addition of 7% glycerol or 3% stearic acid makes increase both tensile strength and elongation at break. These films are stronger but less tough compared to unplasticized BWS film. The porosity at the surfaces of samples from the SEM micrographs showed good correlation with the mechanical properties of the blends.On addition of plasticizer, it is observed that there is a decrease in the size of micropores and for higher concentration, it no longer exists. Compared with glycerol, the water absorption of the BWS films plasticized with stearic acid was significantly lower. Glycerol is soluble in water and removed from films after floating in water. The film plasticized with 2.5% both glycerol and stearic acid had better water resistance than others. As usual, glass transition temperatures of samples were decreased by addition of plasticizers according to DMTA results.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_11811_bb6b27a1abcf3958dce71de33c1e4334.pdf
2014-12-01
107
116
10.30492/ijcce.2014.11811
Lignocellulosic resource
Benzylation
Wheat straw
Stearic acid
Glycerol
Jamshid
Mohammadi Rovshandeh
roshandeh@ut.ac.ir
1
Caspian Faculty of Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Rezvanshahr, P.O. Box 43841-119 Guilan, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kamel
Ekhlasi Kazaj
2
Caspian Faculty of Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Rezvanshahr, P.O. Box 43841-119 Guilan, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Ashkan
Hosseini
3
Caspian Faculty of Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Rezvanshahr, P.O. Box 43841-119 Guilan, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Peyman
Pouresmaeel Selakjani
4
Caspian Faculty of Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Rezvanshahr, P.O. Box 43841-119 Guilan, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
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[14] Shiraishi N., Matsunaga T., Yokota T., Thermal Softening and Melting of Esterified Wood Prepared in an N2O4–DMF Cellulose Solvent Medium, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 24: 2361-2368 (1979).
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[19] LU X., Zhang M.Q., Rong M.Z., Shi G., Yang G.C., All-plant fiber composites. I: Unidirectional Sisal Fiber Reinforced Benzylated Wood, Polym. Composite., 23: 623- 629 (2002).
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