ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Determination of Hg in Crude Oil and Gasoline Samples after Solid Phase Extraction Using Modified Disks
A facile and highly efficient method have been developed for the preconcentration of the mercury content in crude oil and gasoline samples after digestion with microwave-assisted digestion. Octadecyl silica membrane disk has been modified by the recently synthesized triazene ligand, (E)-1-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl) triaz-1-ene (ENT), then the modified membrane was used for the preconcentration of mercury(II) ions and Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (CV-AAS) have been used to determine the Hg (II) ion. Solution studies of ENT with a series of metal ions have been done in advance, and the results showed a strong affinity of ENT to the mercury ion. For solid phase extraction, pH of sample 6.0, flow rates 3.0 mL / min, enrichment factor 240, capacity of modified disk 690 µg Hg per 8.0 mg of ligand, eluent solvent 5.0 mL, 1.5M HClO4, and the amount of the ligand 8.0 – 10.0 mg, have been optimized. A linear calibration curve has been obtained in the range of 0.80 – 65 µg / L with R2 = 0.9991 and the Limit Of Detection (LOD) based on three times the standard deviation of the blank was 0.25 µg / L. The Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) for the determination of 50 mL aqueous solution containing 0.5 µg / LHg (II) found to be 1.0 % while a RSD value of 1.9% have been obtained for the determination of 0.1 µg / L Hg (II) (n=3). The characteristic concentration is 1.2 µg / Lin the original samples. The newly developed method was successfully applied to the determination of mercury ion in real crude oil samples, which are very important in environment and industries process.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_10747_9a2f50ee694057ac7d49cffbfc46202e.pdf
2014-06-01
1
10
10.30492/ijcce.2014.10747
Mercury
Crude oil
Solid phase extraction
Triazene
Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (CV-AAS)
Mahmood
Payehghadr
mahmood_payehghadr@yahoo.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Homa
Shafiekhani
2
Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Ali Reza
Sabouri
3
Environment and Energy Laboratory, Bonyan Energy Alborz Company, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Abdoll Mohammad
Attaran
4
Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Mohammad Kazem
Rofouei
rofouei@tmu.ac.ir
5
Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
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by Flow-Injection Spectrometry, J. Hazard. Mater., 150: 343-350 (2008).
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40
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Absorption Spectra and Electron Injection Study of the Donor Bridge Acceptor Sensitizers by Long Range Corrected Functional
Ground state geometries have been computed using Density Functional Theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. The excitation energies and spectroscopic parameters have been computed using Long range Corrected (LC) hybrid functional by Time Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) with LC-BLYP level of theory. The Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM) has been used for evaluating bulk solvent effects at all stages. The efficient materials have been predicted and electron injection (ΔGinject), electron coupling constant ( |VRP| ) and Light Harvesting Efficiency (LHE) has been discussed. By elongating the bridge all these three parameters ΔGinject, |VRP| and LHE enhanced which revealed that new designed sensitizers would be efficient.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_10748_49989d3332d531dd5d92f582912e971a.pdf
2014-06-01
11
28
10.30492/ijcce.2014.10748
Dye-sensitized solar cells
Absorption
Light harvesting efficiency
Electronic coupling constant
Electron injection
Ahmad
Irfan
irfaahmad@gmail.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, SAUDI ARABIA
LEAD_AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Production of Nanosized Synthetic Rutile from Ilmenite Concentrate by Sonochemical HCl and H2SO4 Leaching
Titanium dioxide is widely used in the manufacturing of paints, varnishes, lacquer, paper, paperboard, printing inks, rubber, floor covering, and ceramics and so on. White titanium dioxide pigment has been produced by two main processes. The sulfate and the chloride processes. Each of these two routes requires different feedstocks. However, economic and environmental pressures are shifting the world balance of titanium dioxide production away from sulphate based manufacture towards the more cost effective and cleaner chloride route. According to usage of titanium dioxide, the nano sized TiO2 was produced by the sulfuric acid and hydrocholoric acid leaching by using Sonochemical technique during the leaching process. No adding extra materials and no milling after precipitate, no vaporization during the leaching are advantages of this work which reduced the processes of leaching. All of determination techniques of particle size (Zeta Sizer, XRD, SEM, and TEM) prove this matter. The particles sizes of nano TiO2which was leached by HCl and H2SO4 are 83 and 85 nm respectively.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_10749_9fba9c2b014c0f0b251430f66ca7e4c9.pdf
2014-06-01
29
36
10.30492/ijcce.2014.10749
Sonochemical
Acid leaching
Nanosize
TiO2
Ilmenite
Razieh
Razavi
r.razavi@ujiroft.ac.ir
1
Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sayed Mohammad Ali
Hosseini
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jiroft University, Jiroft, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Ranjbar
3
Department of Mining Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] El-Hazek N., Lasheen T.A., El-Sheikh R., Salah A., Hydrometallurgical Criteria forTiO2 Leaching from Rosetta Ilmenite by Hydrochloric Acid, Hydrometallurgy, 87: 45-50 (2007).
1
[2] Sasikumar C., Rao D.S., Srikanth S., Ravikumar B., Mukhopadhyay N.K., Mehrotra S.P., Effect of Mechanical Activation on the Kinetics of Sulfuric Acidleaching of Beach Sand Ilmenite from Orissa, India, Hydrometallurgy, 75: 189-204 (2004).
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27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Application of Image Analysis in the Characterization of Electrospun Nanofibers
In this work, CoFe2O4 nanoparticles have been prepared by co-precipitation technique. The synthesized CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were applied in the preparation of CoFe2O4/Polyacrylonitrile fiber nanocomposites by the electrospinning process. The prepared nanoparticles and nanofibers were characterized using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction methods. The results manifested that nanofibers of PAN and CoFe2O4 /PAN were successfully prepared with electrospinning method. Grayscale SEM images of nanofibers were analyzed by a new image analysis procedure for determination of fibers diameter, their diameter distribution and the compactness of electrospun nanofibers. It was found that the presence of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles in the PAN solution increases both of the compactness of electrospun nanofibers and their diameter. The prepared CoFe2O4/Polyacrylonitrile fiber nanocomposites have possible applications in fabrication of sensor and magnetic recording media.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_10750_ef1ad275d6eea1d6aea021896085e22c.pdf
2014-06-01
37
45
10.30492/ijcce.2014.10750
Nanofiber
Electrospinning
algorithm
Polyacrylonitrile
image processing
Nanocomposite
Yadolah
Ganjkhanlou
1
Materials and Energy Research Center, P.O. BOX 14155-4777 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Abdolmajid
Bayandori Moghaddam
bayandori@gmail.com
2
Faculty of Engineering Science, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P. O. Box: 11155-4563 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Samanesadat
Hosseini
3
Central Research Laboratories, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Tayebe
Nazari
4
Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Akbar
Gazmeh
5
Textile Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Jalil
Badraghi
6
esearch Institute of Applied Sciences -ACECR, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Jung K.H., Pourdeyhimi B., Zhang X., Selective Permeation of Cross-Linked Polyelectrolyte and Polyelectrolyte-Filled Nonwoven Membranes, J. Appl. Polym Sci., 123: 227-233 (2012).
1
[2] Moghaddam A.B., Hosseini S., Badraghi J., Banaei A., Hybrid Nanocomposite Based on CoFe2O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles and Polyaniline, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng., 29: 173-179 (2010).
2
[3] Yener F., Jirsak O., Gemci R., Using a Range of PVB Spinning Solution to Acquire Diverse Morphology for Electrospun Nanofibres, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng., 31: 49-58 (2012).
3
[4] Modarresi S., Dehghani M.R., Alimardani P., Kazemi Sabzvar S., Feyzi, F., Measurement and Modeling of Mean Ionic Activity Coefficient in Aqueous Solution Containing NaNO3 and Poly Ethylene Glycol, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng., 32: 31-39 (2013).
4
[5] Jamaloei B.Y., Kharrat R., The performance Evaluation of Viscous-Modified Surfactant Waterflooding in Heavy oil Reservoirs at Varying Salinity of Injected Polymer-Contained Surfactant Solution, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng., 31: 99-111 (2012).
5
[6] Moghaddam A.B., Nazari T., Badraghi J., Kazemzad M., Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles and Electrodeposition of Polypyrrole/ZnO Nanocomposite Film, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 4, 247-257 (2009).
6
[7] Nabid M.R., Golbabaee M., Moghaddam A.B., Mahdavian A.R., Amini M.M., Preparation of the γ-Al2O3/PANI Nanocomposite via Enzymatic Polymerization, Polym. Comp., 30: 841-846 (2009).
7
[8] Nabid M.R., Shamsianpour, M., Sedghi, R., Moghaddam, A.B., Enzyme-Catalyzed Synthesis of Conducting Polyaniline Nanocomposites with Pure and Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes, Chem. Eng. Technol., 35: 1707-1712 (2012).
8
[9] Khajeamiri A.R., Kobarfard F., Moghaddam A.B., Application of Polyaniline and Polyaniline/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes-Coated Fibers for Analysis of Ecstasy, Chem. Eng. Technol., 35: 1515-1519 (2012).
9
[10] Nabid M.R., Shamsianpour M., Sedghi R., Moghaddam A.B., Asadi S., Osati S., Safari N., Biomimetic Synthesis of a Water-Soluble Conducting Polymer of 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene, Chem. Eng. Technol., 36: 130- 136 (2013).
10
[11] Gudarzy F., Moghaddam A.B., Mozaffari S., Ganjkhanlou Y., Kazemzad M., Zahed R., Bani F., A Lanthanide Nanoparticle-Based Luminescent Probe for Folic Acid, Microchim. Acta, 180, 1257-1262 (2013).
11
[12] Ganjkhanlou Y., Hosseinnia A., Kazemzad M., Moghaddam A.B., Khanlarkhani A., Y2O3: Eu,Zn Nanocrystals as a Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Biotin, Microchim. Acta, 177: 473-478 (2012).
12
[13] Mohammadi A., Moghaddam,A.B., Direct Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis of Immobilised Cytochrome c on Electrodeposited Nanoparticles for the Reduction of Oxygen, Micro Nano Lett., 7: 951-954 (2012).
13
[14] Mohammadi Moghaddam A.B., Esmaieli M., Khodadadi A.A., Ganjkhanlou Y., Asheghali D., Direct Electron Transfer and Biocatalytic Activity of Iron Storage Protein Molecules Immobilized on Electrodeposited Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles, Microchim. Acta,173: 317-322 (2011).
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[15] Sangmanee M., Maensiri S., Nanostructures and Magnetic Properties of Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4) Fabricated by Electrospinning, Appl. Phys. A, 97: 167-177 (2009).
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[16] Wang Z., Liu X., Lv M., Chai P., Liu Y., Meng J., Preparation of Ferrite MFe2O4 (M = Co, Ni) Ribbons with Nanoporous Structure and Their Magnetic Proper-Ties, J. Phys. Chem. B, 112: 11292-11297 (2008).
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[17] Wang L., Yu Y., Chen P.C., Zhang D.W., Chen C.H., Electrospinning Synthesis of C/Fe3O4 Composite, J. Power Sources, 183: 717-723 (2008).
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[18] Wu J., Coffer J.L., Strongly Emissive Erbium-Doped Tin Oxide Nanofibers Derived from Sol Gel/Electrospinning Methods, J. Phys. Chem. C, 111: 16088-16091 (2007).
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[19] Yu J.H., Rutledge G.C., “Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology”, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey (2007).
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[21] Guo Q.Z., Mao H.K., Hu J.Z., Shu J.F., Hemley R.J., The Phase Transitions of CoO Under Static Pressure to 104 GPa, J. Phys. Condens. Matter., 14: 11369-11374 (2002).
21
[22] Fallahi D., Rafizadeh M., Mohammadi N., Vahidi B., Effect of LiCl and Non-Ionic Surfactant on Jet Electric Current and Flow Rate in Electrospinning of Polyacrylonitrile Solutions, Polym. Int., 57: 1363-1368 (2008).
22
[23] Li D., McCann J.T., Xia Y., Use of Electrospinning to Directly Fabricate Hollow Nanofibers with Functionalized Inner and Outer Surfaces, Small, 1: 83-86 (2005).
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[24] Li D., McCann J.T., Xia Y., Marquez M., SEM Image of a Layer-by-Layer Stacked thin Film of PVP Nanofibers, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 89: 1861-1869 (2006).
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[29] Chen R., Zhao S., Han G., Dong J., Fabrication of the Silver/Polypyrrole/Polyacrylonitrile Composite Nanofibrous Mats, Mater. Lett., 62: 4031-4034 (2008).
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[31] Patra S.N., Easteal A.J., Bhattacharyya D., Parametric Study of Manufacturing Poly(Lactic) Acid Nanofibrous Mat by Electrospinning, J. Mater. Sci., 44: 647-657 (2009).
31
[32] Moghaddam A.B., Gudarzy F., Ganjkhanlou Y., A Fluorescent Probe for Detecting Thiamine Using the Luminescence Intensity of Nanoparticles, J. Fluoresc., (2014) DOI 10.1007/s10895-014-1377-0.
32
[33] Dabaghi H.H., Ganjkhanlou Y., Kazemzad M., Moghaddam A.B., Relation Between Conductance, Photoluminescence Bands and Structure of ITO Nanoparticles Prepared by Various Chemical Methods, Micro Nano Lett., 6: 429-432 (2011).
33
[34] Mohammadi A., Ganjkhanlou Y., Moghaddam A.B., Kazemzad M., Hessari F.Al., Dinarvand R., Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Y2O3:Eu Phosphor Through Different Chemical Methods: Studies on the Chromaticity Dependence and Phase Conversion, Micro Nano Lett., 7: 515-518 (2012).
34
[35] Ziabari M., Mottaghitalab V., McGovern S.T., Haghi A.K., A New Image Analysis Based Method for Measuring Electrospun Nanofiber Diameter, Nanoscale Res. Lett., 2: 597-600 (2007).
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39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Preparation of High Surface Area ZrO2 Nanoparticles
In comparison to the previous researches, ZrO2 nanoparticles with higher surface area (85 m2/g) have been synthesized in this research. The as-prepared ZrO2 nanoparticles by co-precipitation method were characterized with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The surface area of the sample was characterized by BET method. The effect of the growth parameters such as temperature, pH, Zr4+/template ratio and kind of template on the growth and morphology of ZrO2 nanoparticles have been investigated in detail. The results revealed that pH, temperature, Zr4+/template and kind of template have an important effect on the morphology and size of the ZrO2 nanoparticles. X Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis of the superior nanoparticles that was prepared at pH=4, Temperature=70 oC, Zr4+/template ratio=2 and by sorbitol as template indicates the formation of nanocrystalline ZrO2tetragonal phase structure. The average particle size of the product is about 4.45 nm that was calculated from XRD pattern by the Debye-Scherrer formula.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_10752_6fe47926567f1140c9f5c7b2356642b6.pdf
2014-06-01
47
53
10.30492/ijcce.2014.10752
Zirconium Oxide
nanoparticles
Co-precipitation method
Mahshad
Alaei
alaiem@ripi.ir
1
Nanotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), P.O. Box 14665-137 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali Morad
Rashidi
rashidiam@ripi.ir
2
Nanotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), P.O. Box 14665-137 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Iida
Bakhtiari
3
Nanotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), P.O. Box 14665-137 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Shukla S., Seal S., Int., Mechanisms of Room Temperature Tetragonal Phase Stabilization in Zirconia, Mater. Rev., 50(1): 45-64 (2005).
1
[2] Liang J., Jiang X., Liu G., Deng Z., Zhuang J., Li F., Li Y., Characterization and Synthesis of Pure ZrO2 Nanopowders via Sonchemical Method, Mater. Res. Bull., 38: 161-168 (2003).
2
[3] Chandra N., Singh D.K., Sharma M., Upadhyay R.K., Amritphale S.S., Sanghi S.K., Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Sized Zirconia Powder Synthesized by Single Emulsion-Assisted Direct Precipitation, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 342: 327-332 (2010).
3
[4] Zhu B., Xia C.R., Luo X.G., Transparent Two-Phase Composite Oxide Thin Films with High Conductivity, Thin Solid Films, 385: 209-214 (2001).
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[5] Petrik N.G., Taylor D.P., Orlando T.M., Laser-Stimulated Luminescence of Yttria-Stabilized Cubic Zirconia Crystals, J. Appl. Phys., 85: 6770-6776 (1999).
5
[6] Bastianini A., Battiston G.A., Gerbasi R., Porchia M., Daolio S., Chemical Vapor Deposition of ZrO2 Thin Films Using Zr(NEt2)4 as Precursor, J. Phys. IV France 05, 4(5): C5-525-C5-531 (1995).
6
[7] Corma A., Inorganic Solid Acids and Their Use in Acid-Catalyzed Hydrocarbon Reactions, Chem. Rev., 95: 559 (1995).
7
[8] Tian G., Pan K., Fu H., Jing L., Zhou W., Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of S-Doped TiO2–ZrO2 Nanoparticles Under Visible-Light Irradiation, J. Hazard. Mater., 166: 939-944 (2009).
8
[9] Ehrhart G., Capoen B., Robbe O., Boy P., Turrell S., Bouazaoui M., Structural and Optical Properties of n Propoxide Sol Gel Derived ZrO2 Thin Films, Thin Solid Films, 496: 6-12 (2006).
9
[10] Torres-Huerta A.M., Dominguez-Crespo M.A., Ramirez-Meneses E., Vargas-Garcia J.R., MOCVD of Zrconium Oxide Thin Films: Synthesis and Characterization, Appl. Surf. Sci., 255: 4792-4795 (2009).
10
[11] Tahir M.N., Gorgishvili L., Li J., Gorelik T., Kolb U., Nasdala L., Tremel W., Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Monocrystalline Cubic ZrO2 Nanoparticles, Solid State Sci., 9: 1105-1109 (2007).
11
[12] Rozo C., Jaque D., Fonseca L.F., Sole J.G., Luminescence of Rare Earth-Doped Si–ZrO2 Co-Sputtered Films, J. Lumin., 128: 1197-1204 (2008).
12
[13] Ashkarran A.A., Ahmadi Afshar S.A., Aghigh S.M., Kavianipour M., Photocatalytic Activity of ZrO2 Nanoparticles Prepared by Electrical Arc Discharge Method in Water, Polyhedron, 29: 1370-1374 (2010).
13
[14] Habibi R., Towfighi Daryan J., Rashidi A.M., Shape and Size-Controlled Fabrication of ZnO Nanostructures Using Novel Templates, Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 4: 35-45 (2009).
14
[15] Zhang H., Feng J., Wang J., Zhang M., Preparation of ZnO Nanorods Through Wet Chemical Method, Mater. Lett., 61: 5202-5205 (2007).
15
[16] Anandan K., Rajendran V., Size Controlled Synthesis of SnO2 Nanoparticles: Facile Solvothermal Process, Journal of Non-Oxide Glasses, 2: 81-89 (2010).
16
[17] Gericke M., Pinches A., Biological Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Hydrometallurgy, 83: 132-140 (2006).
17
[18] Joshi R.K., pH and Temperature Dependence of Particle size in Pb1-xFexS Nanoparticle Films, Solid State Commun., 139: 201-204 (2006).
18
[19] Salehi S., Ryukhtin V., Lukas P., Biest O.V., Vleugels J., Two-D Analysis of the Thermo-Mechanical Properties of ZrO2-Based Composites, International Journal of Chemo Informatics and Chemical Engineering, 2(1): 25-39 (2012).
19
[20] Ashkarran A.A., Aghigh S.M., Ahmadi Afshar S.A., Kavianipour M., Ghoranneviss M., Synthesis and Characterization of ZrO2 Nanoparticles by Arc Discharge Method in Water, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 41: 425-428 (2011).
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Visible Light Photodegradation of Phenol Using Nanoscale TiO2 and ZnO Impregnated with Merbromin Dye: A Mechanistic Investigation
ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles wereimpregnated with merbromin dye and used as modified photocatalysts for degradation of phenol. Dye-modified ZnO and TiO2 showed significantly higher photocatalytic activity than neat ZnO and TiO2 under visible light illumination. Moreover, the prepared dye-modified ZnO showed superior photocatalytic efficiency in degradation of phenol compared to the dye-modified TiO2. In a period of 4 hours, dye-modified ZnO removed phenol almost completely while dye-modified TiO2 degraded it only to 47%. A cooperative working mechanism involving the possible photoactivation of both surface bound dye and semiconductor is proposed for the dye-modified systems. The suggested pathway is based on charge-transfer formalism. Furthermore, the study proposes some reasons for difference in reactivity of the dye-modified ZnO and TiO2 catalysts. Less aggregation of dye molecules on the surface of ZnO compared to TiO2 causes more prolonged lifetime of excited state of the dye on the surface of ZnO. Also, energy gap between the conduction band of semiconductor and LUMO level of merbromin in dye-modified ZnO is larger than dye-modified TiO2. Both above lead to more effective electron injection from the dye to ZnO which is hypothesized to be mainly responsible for the enhancement of the reaction rate of phenol degradation.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_10756_beddc19a112915076294ee413d7f35ae.pdf
2014-06-01
55
64
10.30492/ijcce.2014.10756
Dye modification
photocatalyst
TiO2
ZnO
phenol degradation
Simin
Janitabar Darzi
sjanitabar@aeoi.org
1
Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box 11365-8486, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Maryam
Movahedi
2
Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, 19395-3697, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Nassoko D., Li Y.F., Wang H., Li J.L., Li Y.Z., Yu Y.,Nitrogen-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles by Using EDTA as Nitrogen Source and Soft Template: Simple Preparation, Mesoporous Structure, and Photocatalytic Activity under Visible Light, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 540: 228-235 (2012).
1
[2] Guo M.Y., Fung M.K., Fang F., Chen X.Y., Ng A.M.C., Djurisic A.B., Chan W.K., Structural, Magnetic and Dielectric Properties of La2−xCaxNiO4+ (x= 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3), Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 509: 1333-1337 (2011).
2
[3] Mele G., Del Sole R., Vasapollo G., Garcia-Lopez E., Palmisano L., Schiavello M., Photocatalytic Degradation of 4-Nitrophenol in Aqueous Suspension by Using Polycrystalline TiO2 Impregnated with Functionalized Cu(II)-Porphyrin or Cu(II)–Phthalocyanine, J. Catal., 217: 334-342 (2003).
3
[4] Asahi R., Morikawa T., Ohwaki T., Aoki A., Taga Y., Visible-Light Photocatalysis in Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Oxides, Science, 293: 269-271 (2001).
4
[5] Zhao B., Mele G., Pio I., Li J., Palmisano L., Vasapollo G., Degradation of 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) Using Fe-TiO2 as a Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton Catalyst, J. Hazard Mater., 176: 569-574 (2010).
5
[6] Hamadanian M., Reisi-Vanani A., Majedi A. Synthesis, Characterization and Effect of Calcination Temperature on Phase Transformation and Photocatalytic Activity of Cu,S-Codoped TiO2 Nanoparticles, Appl. Surf. Sci., 256: 1837-1844 (2010).
6
[7] Komai Y., Okitsu K., Nishimura R., Ohtsu N., Miyamoto G., Furuhara T., Semboshi S., Mizukoshi Y., Masahashi N., Visible Light Response of Nitrogen and Sulfur Co-Doped TiO2 Photocatalysts Fabricated by Anodic Oxidation, Catal. Today, 164: 399-403 (2011).
7
[8] Jia X., Fan H., Afzaal M., Wu X., Brien P.O., Solid State Synthesis of Tin-Doped ZnO at Room Temperature: Characterization and Its Enhanced Gas Sensing and Photocatalytic Properties, J. Hazard. Mater, 193: 194-199 (2011).
8
[9] Zhou S., Lv J., Guo L.K., Xu G.Q., Wang D.M., Zheng Z.X., Wu Y.C., Preparation and Photocatalytic Properties of N-Doped Nano-TiO2/Muscovite Composites, Applied Surface Science, 258: 6136-6141 (2012).
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[10] Collazzo, G.C., Foletto, E.L., Jahn, S. L., Villetti, M.A., Degradation of Direct Black 38 Dye under Visible Light and Sunlight Irradiation by N-Doped Anatase TiO2 as Photocatalyst, J. Environ. Manag., 98: 107-111 (2012).
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[17] Hara K., Horiguchi T., Kinoshita T., Sayama K., Arakawa H., Influence of Electrolytes on the Photovoltaic Performance of Organic Dye-Sensitized Nanocrystalline TiO2 Solar Cells, Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C., 70: 151-161 (2001).
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19
[20] Vilhunen S.H., Sillanpä M.E., Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes and Hydrogen Peroxide in the Photodegradation of Aqueous Phenol, J. Hazard. Mater., 161: 1530-1534 (2009).
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[25] Nada A.A., Barakat M.H., Hamed H.A., Mohamed N.R., Veziroglu T.N., Studies on the Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production Using Suspended Modified TiO2 Photocatalysts, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 30: 687-691 (2005).
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[26] Zhao X., Quan X., Zhao H., Chen S., Zhao Y., Chen J., Different Effects of Humic Substances on Photodegradation of p,p′-DDT on Soil Surfaces in the Presence of TiO2 under UV and Visible Light, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., 167: 177-183 (2004).
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Template Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of an Unsymmetrical Tridentate Schiff Base Nickel(II) Complex
Nickel(II) complex of [NiL2](ClO4)2, where L is an unsymmetrical tridentate ligand of 2-(2-aminoethyl)imino-3-butanone oximehas been synthesized by a template condensation reaction. The complex was characterized on the basis of microanalytical, spectroscopic, and other physicochemical properties. X-ray diffraction study of the complex reveals nickel(II) center in a distorted octahedral environment through two amine nitrogen donors, two imine donors,and two nitrogen atoms of the oxime moieties of the ligand. The antibacterial activity of the complex has been tested against Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria. The results of the antibacterial screening indicated that the complex is effective against bacterial growth retardation activity to some extent and its effectiveness is higher for Gram(+) bacteria.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_10757_64eff062c27c24f7b52e2d7d60a3cdc5.pdf
2014-06-01
65
72
10.30492/ijcce.2014.10757
Unsymmetrical tridentate ligand
Nickel(II) complex
Molecular structure
Diacetylmonoxime
Antibacterial activity
Hamid
Golchoubian
h.golchobian@umz.ac.ir
1
Department of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Omeleila
Nazari
2
Department of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Ghodsieh
Soleimani
3
Department of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Mojtaba
Mohseni
4
Department of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
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[24] Ghasemi J, ShokrElahi APotentiometric Study of Binary and Mixed Complexes of Imidazole, Histamine, Histidine and Diacetylmonooxime with some Transition Metal Ions in Aqueous Solution, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 21(1): 22-28 (2001).
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[26] Díaz T.G., Guiberteau A., Lopez Soto M.D., Ortiz J.M., Determination of Copper with 5, 5-Dimethylcyclohexane-1, 2, 3-Trione 1, 2-Dioxime 3-Thiosemicarbazone in Olive Oils by Adsorptive Stripping Square Wave Voltammetry, Food Chemistry, 96(1): 156-162 (2006).
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27
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[32] Costes JP, Dahan F, Dupuis A, Laurent JP, Bridging Ability of a Novel Polydentate Ligand (H2L) Comprising an Oxime Function, Structures of a Mononuclear Precursor [NiL] and a Dinuclear CuII2 Complex. Magnetic Properties of Mononuclear (NiII and CuII), Dinuclear (CuII)2, NiII2, NiIICuII and CuIICrIII) and Trinuclear (CuII3, CuIIMnIICuII and CuIIZnIICuII) Complexes, J Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans: 1307-1314 (1998)
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[33] Hussain M.S., Almohdhar H.M., Alarfaj A.R., Template Reactions: Axial-Ligation and Macrocyclization of Alpha-Furilglyoximates and Alpha-Aminedioximates of Cobalt (III) and Rhodium (III), J CoordChem, 18(4): 339-349 (1988).
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[37] Sheldrick G.M., SHELXL-97, Program for Crystal Structure Refinement; University of Göttingen: Göttingen, Germany, 1997. There is no Corresponding Record for This Reference (2006).
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[38] Smejkal C.W., Vallaeys T., Seymour F.A., Burton S.K., Lappin‐Scott H.M., Characterization of (R/S)‐Mecoprop [2‐(2‐Methyl‐4‐Chlorophenoxy) Propionic Acid]‐Degrading Alcaligenes sp. CS1 and Ralstonia sp. CS2 Isolated from Agricultural Soils, Environmental Microbiology, 3(4): 288-293 (2001).
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[39] Geary W.J., The use of Conductivity Measurements in Organic solvents for the Characterisation of Coordination Compounds. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 7(1): 81-122 (1971).
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[42] Drummond J., Wood J.S., Crystal and Molecular Structure of Tetraphenylarsoniumtetranitratomanganate (II) and X-ray study of other M (NO3) 42–ions (M= Ni, Cu, or Zn), J. Chem. Soc. A, 226-232 (1970).
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[43] Cabort A., Michel A., Therrien B., Stoeckli-Evans H., Bernauer K., Süss-Fink G., Stupka G., Iron, ., Iron, Cobalt, Nickel and Ruthenium Complexes of 2, 6-bis (3, 4-Dihydro-2H-Pyrrol-5-yl) pyridine, A Pybox Analogue, Inorganica Chimica Acta, 350: 193-200 (2003).
43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Leaching and Kinetic Modelling of Molybdenite Concentrate Using Hydrogen Peroxide in Sulfuric Acid Solution
Leaching of molybdenite concentrate with hydrogen peroxide in sulfuric acid solution was investigated to determine the effects of reaction time, reaction temperature, H2O2 concentration, H2SO4 concentration, pulp density and rotation speed on molybdenum extraction and molybdenite dissolution kinetics, using the Taguchi method. From analysis of variance (ANOVA) for molybdenum extraction, the most significant factors were H2O2 concentration, pulp density and reaction temperature. The optimal factor levels to maximize extraction were determined. As the leaching process does not result in an ash layer, only chemically controlled kinetic model was applied. ANOVA for the reaction rate constant showed that H2O2 concentration made the greatest contribution to the model, and reaction time and temperature were also statistically significant factors. The reaction rate constant increased with increasing temperature and H2O2 concentration. The order of reaction with respect to H2O2 and activation energy for the dissolution were determined to be 1.21 and 46.5 kJ/mol, respectively, and a semi-empirical rate equation was derived.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_10769_2ac8d59fb45aa906a4f3ae439905acdb.pdf
2014-06-01
73
85
10.30492/ijcce.2014.10769
Molybdenite
Leaching
Kinetics
Hydrogen peroxide
Taguchi
Mehdi
Moazemi Goodarzi
1
Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Bahram
Rezai
bahram.rezai1@gmail.com
2
Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Anahita
Seifikhani
3
Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Kholmogorov A.G., Kononova O.N., Processing Mineral Raw Material in Siberia: Ores of Molybdenum, Tungsten, Lead and Gold, Hydrometallurgy, 76: 37- 54 (2004).
1
[2] Nair K.U., Sathiyamoorthy D., Bose D.K., Gupta C.K., Processing of Low-Grade Indian Molybdenite Concentrate by Chlorination in a Fluidised-Bed Reactor, International Journal of Mineral Processing, 23: 171-180 (1988).
2
[3] Singh S., Chetty M.K., Juneja J.M., Sehra J.C., Gupta C.K., Studies on the Processing of a Low Grade Molybdenite Concentrate by Lime Roasting, Minerals Engineering, 1: 337-342 (1988).
3
[4] Prasad P.M., Mankhand T.R., Rao P.S., Lime-Scavenged Reduction of Molybdenite, Minerals Engineering, 6: 857-871 (1993).
4
[5] Rao P.S., Prasad P.M., Direct Synthesis of Molycarbide by Molybdenite- Carbon Monoxide Reaction in the Presence of Lime, Materials Transactions JIM, 34: 1229-1233 (1993).
5
[6] Shah V.D., Rakhasia R.H, Sehra J.C., Recovery of Molybdenum as Molybdic Oxide from Rakha Molybdenite, India, by Soda-Ash Roasting, Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 105: 199-203 (1996).
6
[7] Vizsolyi A., Peters E., Nitric Acid Leaching of Molybdenite Concentrates, Hydrometallurgy, 6: 103-119 (1980).
7
[8] Parsons G.J., Brimacombe J.K., Peters E., Computer Simulation of a Molybdenite Leaching Process Using Dilute Nitric Acid, Hydrometallurgy, 17: 133-154 (1987).
8
[9] Khoshnevisan A., Yoozbashizadeh H., Mozammel M., Sadrnezhaad S.K., Kinetics of Pressure Oxidative Leaching of Molybdenite Concentrate by Nitric Acid, Hydrometallurgy, 111: 52-57 (2012).
9
[10] Antonijević M.M., Pacović N.V., Investigation of Molybdenite Oxidation by Sodium Dichromate, Minerals Engineering, 5: 223-233 (1992).
10
[11] Cao Z.F, Zhong H., Qiu Z.H., Liu G.Y, Zhang W.X, A Novel Technology for Molybdenum Extraction from Molybdenite Concentrate, Hydrometallurgy, 99: 2-6 (2009).
11
[12] Bhappu R.R., Reynolds E.H., Stahmen W.S., “Studies on Hypochlorite Leaching of Molybdenite”, State Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources, New Mexico Institute of Mining & Technology, (1963).
12
[13] Pistaccio L., Curutchet G., Donati E., Tedesco P., Analysis of Molybdenite Bioleaching by Thiobacillus-Ferrooxidans in the Absence of Iron-(II), Biotechnology Letters, 16: 189-194 (1994).
13
[14] Olson G.J., Clark T. R., Bioleaching of Molybdenite, Hydrometallurgy, 93: 10-15 (2008).
14
[15] Pecina T., Franco T., Castillo P., Orrantia E., Leaching of Zinc Concentrate in H2SO4 Solutions Containing H2O2 and Complexing Agents, Minerals Engineering, 21: 23-30 (2008).
15
[16] Khan K., Ali T., The Impact of Solvent Extraction on the Recovery of Molybdenum from Molybdenite Ore, Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan, 12: 316-321(1990).
16
[17] Cruywagen J.J., Mckay H.A.C., The Extraction of Molybdenum (VI) by Tri-n-butyl Phosphate, Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, 32: 255-265
17
[18] Sato T., Watanabe H., Suzuki H., Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Molybdenum (VI) from Aqueous Acid Solutions by TBP and TOPO, Hydrometallurgy, 23: 297-308 (1990).
18
[19] Dai G.S., Xuan B.Y., Su Y.F., Separation of Tungsten and Molybdenum in Dilute Hydrochloric Acid Solution by Extraction with Sulfoxides, Hydrometallurgy, 13: 137-153 (1984).
19
[20] Des N.R., Naudi B., Bhattacharya S.N., Solvent Extraction Separation of Molybdenum and Tungsten Using Di(Zethy1 hexyl) Phosphonic Acid (HDEHP) as an Extractant, “Proceeding of International Solvent Extraction Conference”, (1983).
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of the Cyanidation Leaching of Gold in a Waste Rock Ore
Samples of the waste rock obtained from Marofengin South Africa ground 60, 70 and 80% passing 75µm were leached with cyanide in bottle roll tests. The results obtained showed that the percentage gold dissolution depends more on the ore size consists than on the cyanide concentration with the highest average dissolution rates of 88.75, 94.34 and 95.90% found at 600, 500 and 500 ppm, for 60, 70 and 80% passing sizes, respectively. It was also noted that the lowest average percents cyanide consumption of 62.91, 61.73 and 58.56 at 60, 70 and 80% passing 75 µm were obtained at the 500 ppm cyanide concentrations. It was further observed that a clear pattern of increasing residual lime content was only observed at the 70% grind size, with the least lime content of 150.37 ppm at 500 ppm cyanide concentration being higher than the least lime contents for the 60 and 80% grind sizes. The results obtained thus suggest the 70% grind passing 75 µm ore with the gold dissolution percentage very close to the conventional 80% passing size at the lowest cyanide consumption of 500 ppm, much lower daily power consumption of about 925 kWh and high residual lime content that indicated the minimization of cyanide loss as hydrogen cyanide,a good choice for the leaching of the waste rock.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_10770_1a28c0861b2d51f28476386e9c5ce704.pdf
2014-06-01
87
91
10.30492/ijcce.2014.10770
Waste rock
Ground
dissolution
Cyanide
lime
pH
Power consumption
A.A.
Adeleke
adeadeleke@oauife.edu.ng
1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, NIGERIA
LEAD_AUTHOR
T.W.
Nemakhavhani
2
Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Tshwane University of Science and Technology, Pretoria, Private Bag X680, SOUTH AFRICA
AUTHOR
A.P.I.
Popoola
3
Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Tshwane University of Science and Technology, Pretoria, Private Bag X680, SOUTH AFRICA
AUTHOR
[1] Eugene W.W.L., Mujumdar A.S., "Gold Extraction and Recovery Processes. Minerals, Metals and Materials Technology Centre (M3TC)", Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore Report, (2009).
1
[2] Cyanide Managementt-Dept of the Environment, Australia, 06 March (2013)
2
(http://www.ret.gov.au/Resources/ Documents/LPSDP/BPEM Cyanide.pdf),
3
[3] "Environmental Law Alliance (ELAW) Report, Guidebook for Evaluating Mining Project EIAs", 3-18 (2013).
4
[4] Zhou J., Jago B., Martin C., Establishing the Process Mineralogy of Gold Ores. SGS Minerals Technical Bulletin No. 2004-03 (2004). (http://www.sgs.co.za/ en/Mining/Metallurgy-and-Process-Design/ Cyanidation -Technologies/Cyanide-Leaching/Cyanide-Bottle-Roll- Test.aspx), Accessed 06 March (2013)
5
[5] Mular A.L., Halbe D.N., Barrate D.J., "Mineral Processing Plant Design, Practice and Control. Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration", Vol. I, (2002).
6
[6] SGS South Africa (http://www.sgs.co.za/en/Mining /Metallurgy-and-Process-Design/ Cyanidation-Technologies/ Cyanide-Leaching/ Cyanide-Bottle-Roll-Test.aspx, "Accessed 06", March (2013).
7
[7] Hutchison I., Kiel J.E., "Introduction to Evaluation, Design and Operation of Precious Metal Heap Leaching. Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration" 1st Edn (1988).
8
[8] Cassagne P., Lohri P., Tüller Y., Optimisation of Fire Assay Analytical Conditions for Gold Determination Inindustrial Environment, "LBMA Assaying & Refining Seminar", March 7 and 8, (2011).
9
[9] "ISO 11426:1997. Determination of Gold in Gold Jewellery Alloys -- Cupellation Method", (Fire Assay). (http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=26426), 09 March (2013).
10
[10] Habashi F., "Kinetics and Mechanism of Gold and Silver Dissolution in Cyanide Solution. Bureau of Mines and Geology", State of Montana Bulletins 5, April 1967
11
(http://www.academia.edu/.../Kinetics_and_Mechanism_of_Gold_and_Silver), 09 March (2013).
12
[11] Parga J.R., Valenzuela J.L., Diaz J.A., “New Technology for Recovery of Gold and Silver by Pressure Cyanidation Leaching and Electrocoagulation” (http://www.intechopen.com/download/ pdf/27199, 09 March 2013)
13
[12] Schlanz J.W., Grinding: An Overview of Operation and Design (2007) (http://mrl.ies.ncsu.edu/reports/ 87-31-P_Grinding_ Operations_Design.pdf), 09 March (2013).
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Lipoxygenase-1 Leaching from Soybean Flour Employing Stirred Tank Contactor
The present work examines leaching of lipoxygenase-1 from soybean flour employing stirred tank vessel. The effect of operating parameters, impellers speed, operational period, temperature, pH and scale-up were considered.The acetic acid pH: 5.2 increased the leaching of lipoxygenase- 1.The sensitivity of agitator speed and geometrical-scale-up on the enzymeleaching has been conducted. The effect of agitator speed on the geometrically- scaled- up reactor has shown that similar amount of enzyme is leached at lower speed. The result is in para with the conventional system. The importance of operational period from 5 to 50 min on the enzyme leaching was evaluated and higher enzyme leaching obtained within 10 min. of operation. The Sigmaplot-6 for statistical verification and developing a correlation for the enzyme leaching was used.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_10771_b4fd4eb2b9022c3719fb83f7c0e46702.pdf
2014-06-01
93
98
10.30492/ijcce.2014.10771
Enzyme leaching
Lipooxygenase-1
Operational period
Soybean flour
Stirred tank contactor
Khosrow
Rostami
rostami2002@yahoo.com
1
Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 15815-3538 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Yasaman
Dayani
2
Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of South California, 925 Bloom Walk, HED 216, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1211, USA
AUTHOR
Zahra
Esfahani Bolandbalaie
3
Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 15815-3538 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Davood
Rashtchian
rashtchian@sharif.edu
4
Faculty of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 1365-8639, Tehran I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Perraud X., Kermasha S., Bisakowski B.,Characterization of a Lipoxygenase Extract from Geotrichum candidum, Proc. Biochm. 34: 819-827 (1999).
1
[2] Semon M., Patterson M., Wyborney P., Soybean Oil, Return to: Oil Extraction- Web Page- Overview, Web Site: www.wsu.edu (1989).
2
[3] Axelrod B., Cheesbrough T.M., Laakso S., "Methods in Enzymology", Academic Press. 71: 441-451 (1981).
3
[4] Patterson H. B. W., "Handling and Storage of Oil Seeds. Oils, Fats and Meal", Elsevier Applied Science, New York (1989).
4
[5] Burow G.B., Gardner H. W., Keller N. P., A Peanut Seed Lipoxygenase Responsive to Aspergillus Colonization, Plant. Mol. Biol., 42: 689- 701 (2000).
5
[6] de Moura J.M.L.N., Campbell K., Mahfuz A., Jung S., Glatz C. E., Johnson L. A., Enzyme-Assisted Aqueous Extraction of Oil and Protein from Soybeans and Cream de- Emulsification, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 85: 985-995 (2008).
6
[7] Campbell K.A., Glatz C.E., Johnson L.A., Jung S., de Moura J.M.N., Kapchie V., Murphy P., Advances in Aqueous Extraction Processing of Soybeans, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 88: 449- 465 (2011).
7
[8] Gomboeve S.B., Shmaev K.B., Gessler N.N., Lankin V.Z., The Mechanism of Oxidation of β-Carotene and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Doklady Biochem. Bioph., 377: 98- 101 (2001).
8
[9] Lopez-Nicolas J.M., Perez-Gilabert M., Gracia-Carmona F., Egg-plant Lipoxygenase (Solanum melongena): Product Characterization and Effect of Physicochemical Properties of Linoleic Acid on the Enzymatic Activity, J. Agri. Food Chem., 49: 433- 438 (2001).
9
[10] Doehlert D.C., Wicklow D.T., Gardner H.W., Evidence Implicating the Lipoxygenase Pathway in Providing Resistance to Soybeans Against Aspergillus flavus, Phytop., 83: 1473-1477 (1993).
10
[11] Bornscheuer U.T., "Enzymes In Lipid Modification", Wiley-VCH Publication (2000).
11
[12] Lius K., "Soybeans: Chemistry, Technology and Utilization". Kluwer Academic Publisher (1997).
12
[13] Wecksler A.T., Garcia N.K., Holman T.R., Substrate Specificity Effects of Lipoxygenase Products and Inhibitors on Soybean Lipoxygenase-1, Bioorg. Med. Chem., 17, 6534-6539 (2009).
13
[14] Bradford M.M., A Rapid and Sensitive Method for the Quantitation of Microgram Quantities of Protein Utilizing the Principle of Protein-Dye Binding, Anal. Biochm., 72: 248-254 (1976).
14
[15] Cheryan, M. Membrane Technology in the Vegetable Oil Industry, Mem.Technol., 2005: 5-7 (2005).
15
[16] Harmonised Tripartite Guideline on Impurities in New Drug Substances. (Q3A), "International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH)", Geneva, Switzerland, (1997).
16
[17] Bird R.B., Stewart W.E., Lightfoot E.N., "Transport Phenomena", New York, USA: Wiley (1982).
17
[18] Nienow A.W., Dissolution Mass Transfer in a Turbine Agitated Baffled Vessel, Can. J. Chem. Eng., 47: 248- 258 (1969).
18
[19] Fakheri F., Moghaddas J.F., Compartment Mixing Model in a Stirred Tank Equipped Dual Rushton Turbine, Iran J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 9: 14-21 (2012).
19
[20] Nienow A.W., "The Suspension of Solid Particles. In: N. Harnby, M.F. Edwards, A. W. Nienow, ed., "Mixing in the Process Industries", 2nd ed. (paperback), Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann (1997).
20
[21] Kikuchi K.-I, Tadakuma Y., Sugawara T., Ohashi H., Effect of Inert Particle Concentration on Mass Transfer Between Particles and Liquid in Solid-Liquid Two-Phase upflow Through Vertical Tubes and in Stirred Tanks, J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 20: 134- 140 (1987).
21
[22] Rostami K., Bekhteyari H., Farahmand A., Azarian S., Kazuhiko N., Some Studies of Soybean Lipoxygenase-II Leaching Employing a Stirred Tank Reactor, Ind. Eng. Chem. Re., 48: 1574-1578 (2009).
22
[23] Ghadge R.S., Sawant S.B., Joshi J.B., Enzyme Deactivation in a Bubble Column, a Stirred vessel and an Inclined Plane, Chem. Eng. Sci., 58: 5125- 5134(2003).
23
[24] Patill N.S., Ghadge R.S., Sawant S.B., Joshi J.B., Lipase Deactivation at Gas-Liquid Interface and Its Subsequent Reactivation, AIChE J., 46: 1280-1283 (2000).
24
[25] Kaminoyama M., Saito, F., Kamiwano, M., Flow Analogy of Pseudoplastic Liquid in Geometrically Similar Stirred Vessels Based on Numerical Analysis, J. Chem.Eng. Jpn., 23: 214- 221 (1990).
25
[26] Simeonov E., Tsibranska I., Minchev A.m., Solid- Liquid Extraction from Plants- Experimental Kinetics and Modeling, Chem. Eng. J., 73: 255-259 (1999).
26
[27] Derksen J.J., Doelmann M.S., Van Den Akker H.E.A., Three Dimensional LDA Measurements in the Impeller Region of a Turbulent Stirred Tank, Exp. Fluids, 27:522-532 (1999).
27
[28] Banerjee S., Turbulence Structure, Chem. Eng. Sci., 47: 1793- 1817 (1992).
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Improving Three Phase Modeling of Fluidized Bed Dryer
Heat transfer phenomena in batch fluidized bed dryer have been studied and analyzed using three phase model including solid phase, interstitial gas phase and bubble phase based on Rizzi model. New correlations of heat transfer coefficient to surrounding and convection heat transfer coefficient between solid and interstitial gas are being proposed. In addition, some modifications have been done according to the state of flow and particle properties.The model was used to study the effects of particle diameter, particle density and input gas temperature on Geldart group D particles. The numerical results of heat transfer such as solid and gas temperature distributions have been compared with the available experimental data and good agreement between them is observed.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_10793_fe975baffdc2fc313ccf667f45bf73fc.pdf
2014-06-01
99
105
10.30492/ijcce.2014.10793
Three phase modeling
Drying
Fluidized bed
Heat transfer coefficient
Geldart D
Fatemeh
Dehbozorgi
dehbozorgi_f@yahoo.com
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Jamshid
Khorshidi Malahmadi
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Saeid
Niyazi
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Kunni D., Levenspiel O., “Fluidization Engineering” Butterworth-Heinemann, 2nd ed.: 21&143 (1991).
1
[2] Yates J.G., “Fundamental of Fluidized Bed Chemical Processes”, Butterworths. London, UK, 4-71 (1983).
2
[3] Groenewold H., Tsotsas E., A New Model for Fluidized Bed Drying, Drying Technology, 15(6-8): 1687- 1698 (1997).
3
[4] Palancz B., A Mathematical Model for Continuous Fluidized Bed, Chemical Engineering Science J., 38(7): 1045- 1059 (1983).
4
[5] Wildhagen G.R.S., Calçada L.A., Massarani G., Drying of Porous Particles in Fluidized Beds: Modeling and Experiments, J. of Porous Media, 5(2): 123- 133 (2002).
5
[6] Vitor João F.A., Biscaia Jr., Evaristo C., Massarani G., Modeling of Biomass Drying in Fluidized Bed,"International Drying Symposium",B: 1104-1111 (2004).
6
[7] Rizzi Jr. A.C., Passos M.L., Freire J.T., Modeling and Simulating the Drying of Grass Seeds (Brachiariabrizantha) in Fluidized Beds: Evaluation of Heat Transfer Coefficient, Chemical Engineering J., 26(03): 545-554 (2009).
7
[8] Madhiyanon T., Techaprasan A., Soponronnarit S., Mathematical Models Based on Heat Transfer and Coupled Heat and Mass Transfers for Rapid High Temperature Treatment in Fluidized Bed: Application for Grain Heat Disinfestations, International J. of Heat and Mass Transfer, 49: 2277-2290 (2006).
8
[9] Horio Masayuki, Nonaka Akira, A Generalized Bubble Diameter Correlation for Gas-Solid Fluidized Beds, AIChEJ., 33(11): 1865-1872 (1987).
9
[10] Pahlavanzadeh H. et al., Estimation of Heat and Mass Tansfer Coefficient in Fluidized Bed Dryers as a Function of Moisture Content, Nashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran (NSMSI), 27(4): 41-50 (2009).[ In Persian]
10
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
UV/H2O2/TiO2/Zeolite Hybrid System for Treatment of Molasses Wastewater
Wastewater from molasses processing contains a large amount of coloured substances that give a recalcitrant dark brown colour and high organic load to the effluent. Photocatalytic decolourization of molasses wastewater was performed using titanium dioxide catalyst coated on the surface of South African natural zeolite using the solid-solid dispersion method. Addition of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant was investigated and 30W UV-Clamp was used as source of irradiation. The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of the wastewater treated was varied from 20 g/L to 1 g/L. Batch experiments were conducted in a thermostatic shaker fitted with the UV lamp. The effects of pH, catalyst loading, oxidant dosage and irradiation time on the COD reduction and decolourization of the Molasses Waste Water (MWW) were investigated in this study. The highest colour removal of more than 90% was achieved at pH = 4 and oxidant dosage of 1.47 mM, while low COD removal (< 20%) was observed during photodegradation. A H2O2/UV/TiO2 system achieved higher colour removal of 97% compared to a UV/TiO2 system which achieved 44% while H2O2/UV system achieved 34% colour removal. The rate of decolourization was found to fitpseudo - first order reaction kinetics with the highest rate constant value of 1.36 x 10-2 min-1.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_10794_65ee5f34fb64d76014977ea6031029a3.pdf
2014-06-01
107
117
10.30492/ijcce.2014.10794
Zeolite
Molasses
Titanium dioxide
Photodegradation
Hydrogen peroxide
Seth
Apollo
1
Centre for Renewable Energy and Water, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark, 1900, SOUTH AFRICA
AUTHOR
Maurice S.
Onyongo
2
Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, Private Bag X680 Pretoria, 0001, SOUTH AFRICA
AUTHOR
Aoyi
Ochieng
ochienga@vut.ac.za
3
Centre for Renewable Energy and Water, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark, 1900, SOUTH AFRICA
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] Satyawali Y., Balakrishnan M., Wastewater Treatment in Molasses-Based Alcohol Distilleries for COD and Color Removal: A Review, Journal of Environmental Management, 86: 481-497 (2008).
1
[2] Martins S.I.F.S., van Boekel M.A.J.S., A Kinetic Model for the Glucose/GlycinMaillard Reaction Pathways, Food Chemistry, 90 (1-2): 257-269 (2004).
2
[3] Gonzalez G., Pena M.M., Cristobal N., Heras C., Color Elimination from Molasses Wastewater by Aspergillus Niger, Bioresource Technology, 57 (3): 229-235 (1996).
3
[4] Miyata N., Mori T., Iwahor iK., Fujita M., Microbial Decolorization of Melanoidin-Containing Wastewaters: Combined use of Activated Sludge and the Fungus Coriolushirsutus, Journal Bioscience and Bioengergy, 89 (2): 145-150 (2000).
4
[5] Gonzalez G., Pena M.M., Garcıa M.T., Urue~na M.A., Decolorization of Molasses Effluents by Coagulation-Flocculation Process, Zuckerindustrie, 124 (5): 406-410 (1999).
5
[6] Guimaraes C., Bento L., Mota M., Biodegradation of Colorants in Refinery Effluents Potential Use of the Fungus Phanerochaetechrysosporium, International Sugar Journal, 101 (1205): 246-251 (1999).
6
[7] Pefia M., Gonzfilez B.G., Cristoba N., Heras N.C., Color Elimination from Molasses Wastewater by Aspergillusniger, Bioresource Technology, 57: 229-235 (1996).
7
[8] Mounir B., Pons M.N., Zahraa C., Yaacoubi A., Benhammou, Discolouration of Red Cationic Dye by Supported TiO2 Photocatlysis, Hazardious Materials, 148: 513-520 (2007).
8
[9] Parag R.G., Aniruddha B.P., Imperative Technologies for Wastewater Treatment I: Oxidation Technologies at Ambient Conditions: A Review, Journal of Advances in Environmental Research, 8: 501-551 (2004).
9
[10] Bhatkhande D.S, Pangarkar V.G., Beenackers A.A.C.M., Photocatalytic Degradation for Environmental Applications: a Review, Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 77 (1): 102-116 (2002).
10
[11] Blake D.M., in “Bibliography of Work on Photocatalytic Removal of Hazardous Compounds from Water and Air” .NRELyTP-430-22197, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden (1997).
11
[12] Herrmann J.M., Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: Fundamentals and Applications to Removal of Various Types of Aqueous Pollutants, Catalysis Today, 53: 115-129 (1999).
12
[13] Muruganandham M., Swaminathan M., Photochemical Oxidation of Reactive Azo Dye with UV–H2O2 Process, Journal of Dyes and Pigments, 62: 269-275 (2004).
13
[14] Durgakumari V., Subrahmanyama M., Subbra., Rao K.V., Ratnamala A., Noorjahan M, Keiichi T., An Easy and Efficient use of TiO2 Supported HZSM-5 and TiO2 + HZSM-5 Zeolite Combinate in the Photodegradation of Aqueous Phenol and p-Chlorophenol, Applied Catalysis A: General, 234: 155-165 (2002).
14
[15] Zhang X., Lei L., Effect of Preparation Methods on the Structure and Catalytic Performance of TiO2/AC Photocatalyst, Hazardous Materials, 153: 827-833 (2008).
15
[16] Rezaee A., Ghaneian M.T., Hashemian S.J., Moussav i.G., Khavanin A., Ghanizadeh G., Decolorization of Reactive Blue 19 Dye from Textile wastewater by the UV/H2O2 Process, Jornal of Applied Science, 8: 1108-1122 (2008).
16
[17] Crittenden J.C., Trussel, R.R., Hand D.W., Howe K.J., Tchobanoglous G., In “Water Treatment: Principles and Design”, Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey (2012).
17
[18] Huang M., Xu C., Wu Z., Huang Y., Lin J., Jihuai W., Photocatalyticdiscolorization of Methyl Orange Solution by Pt Modified TiO2 Loaded on Natural Zeolite, Dyes and Pigments, 77: 327-334 (2008).
18
[19] Wang C.C., Lee C.K., Lyu M.D., Juang L.C., Photocatalytic Degradation of C.I. Basic Violet 10 Using TiO2 Catalysts Supported by Y Zeolite: An Investigation of the Effects of Operational Parameters, Dyes and Pigments, 76: 817-824 (2008).
19
[20] Xiao Q., Jiang Z., Chong X., Zhichun S., Xiaoke T., Solar Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue in Carbon-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles Suspension. Solar Energy, 82: 706-713 (2008).
20
[21] Montalvo, S., Guerrero, L., Borja, R. , Enrique, S., Milán, Z.,Isel, C. and Rubia M., Application of Natural Zeolites in Anaerobic Digestion Processes: A Review, Applied Clay Science, 58: 125-133 (2012).
21
[22] Konstantinou, I. andAlbanis, T. A., TiO2-Assisted photocatalyticdegradationofazo Dyes in Aqueous Solution: Kinetic and Mechanistic Investigations. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 49: 1-14 (2004).
22
[23] Goncalves M.S.T., Oliviera A.M.F., Pinto E.M.S., Placensia P.M., Queiroz M.J.R., Photochemical Treatment of Solutions of Azo Dyes Containing TiO2, Chemosphere, 39: 781-786 (1999).
23
[24] Daneshvar N., Salari D., Khataee A.R., Photocatalytic Degradation of Azo Dye Acid Red 14 in Water on ZnOas an Alternative Catalyst to TiO2, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A, 162: 317-322 (2004).
24
[25] Pena M., Coca G., Gonzalez R., Rioja M., Garcıa, T., Chemical Oxidation of Wastewater from Molassesfermentation with Ozone, Chemosphere, 51: 893-900 (2003).
25
[26] Kim S.B., Hayase F., Kato H., Decolorization and Degradation Products of Melanoidins on Ozonolysis, Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 49(3):785-792 (1985).
26
[27] Hoigne J., Bader H., Rate Constants of Reactions of Ozone with Organic and Inorganic Compounds in Water. I.Non-Dissociating Organic Compounds. Water Research, 17:173-183 (1983).
27
[28] Wong C., Chu W., The Direct Photolysis and Photocatalytic Degradation of Alachlor at Different TiO2 and UV Sources, Chemosphere, 50: 981-987 (2003).
28
[29] Galindo C., Kalt A., UV-H2O2 Oxidation of Mono Azo Dyes in Aqueous Media: a Kinetic Study, Dyes and Pigments, 40: 27-35 (1998).
29
[30] Kaur S., Vasundhara S., TiO2 Mediated Photocatalytic Degradation Studies of Reactive Red 198 by UV Irradiation, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 141: 230-236 (2007).
30