ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Spectrophotometric Study of the Complexation of Iodine and Bromine with Tetrabutylammonium Halides and Cryptand 222 in Dichloromethane Solution
A spectrophotometric study concerning the interactoin between iodine and bromine with tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI), tetrabutyl- ammonium bromide (TBABr) and cryptand 222 (C222) has been performed in dichloromethane solution at 25°C. The results are indicative of the formation of TBA+X3- and C222X+X3- through equilibrium and formation of C222X+X- through nonequilibrium reactions. The stability constants of the equilibrium reactions were evaluated from the computer fitting of the absorbance-mole ratio data. It was found that iodine complexes were more stable than bromine ones. Comparision of the spectra of I2-TBAI with the I2-C222 mixtures indicates that the isosbestic points of the two systems are not identical. A similar behavior is observed for the corresponding bromine spectra. Comparision of the spectra of iodine complexes with those of bromine also indicates that in the spectra of iodine complexes 1) the wavelength of the isosbestic point is less than λmax of the free iodine and 2) addition of C222 or TBAI decreases the absorption intensity at λmax of iodine. However, in each case the reverse is observed for the spectra of bromine complexes. The possible reasons for the observed differences in various spectra are explained.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_7784_d5bc16a937e02eb092bcd17b0e6c13a7.pdf
2004-04-01
1
6
10.30492/ijcce.2004.7784
Cryptand 222
Tetrabutylammonium iodide
Tetrabutyl-ammonium bromide
Spectrophotometry
Iodine
Bromine
Dichloromethane
Abolfazl
Semnani
a_semnani@yahoo.com
1
Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P. O. Box 115, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Behzad
Shareghi
2
Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P. O. Box 115, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Hamid Reza
Pouretedal
hr_pouretedal@mut-es.ac.ir
3
Faculty of Science, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Shahinshahr, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Pederson, C. J., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 89, 7017 (1967).
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[2] Dietrich, B., Lehn, J.M. and Sauvage, J.P., Tetrahedron Lett., 2885 (1969).
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24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Preparation of Biodegradable Low Density Polyethylene by Starch – Urea Composition for Agricultural Applications
It has been proven that polyolefins specially low density polyethylene (LDPE), are resistant against degradation and microorganism attacks; Thus, one of the most important properties of industrial plastics, is their environmental biodegradability. Since plastics are being widely used in agriculture, horticulture and packaging, meeting this requirement becomes increasingly dificult (specially in IRAN as one of the biggest manufacturers of polyethylene materials).So, attention is focussed on production of biodegradable polyethylene. In this study, some different formulations based on starch and urea for making polyethylenes which are biodegradable in soil and moist media, have been investigated. The compounds produced are injection molded, and tested under natural conditions and their biodegradability has been studied. It has been thus possible to produce a biodegradable low-density polyethylene which is environmentally biodegradable material that is suitable for agriculture and packaging applications.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_8148_37e362c7730cd1da4d714c9ffc495a1f.pdf
2004-04-01
7
11
10.30492/ijcce.2004.8148
Biodegradability
Starch
Polyethylene
Agriculture
Plastics
Mahmood
Torabi Angaji
m.t.angaji@gmail.com
1
Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O.Box 17665-351 ,Tehran , I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Hamid Reza
Hagheeghatpadjooh
2
Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran , P.O.Box 17665-351 ,Tehran , I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] Cole. M. A, American chemical society,Washington, Agricultural of synthetic polymers;biodegradablity of utilization, ACS sympium series no.433, (1990).
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[2] Dubios, R., Applied science publishers,ltd, London, “Plastics in agriculture”, (1978).
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[3] G22 q 21,ASTM., Standard practice for Determining resistance of plastics to bacteria.
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[5] wool, Rp., Cole, M.A., and peanasky, J.S., American chemical society, Torento, June “Biodegradation & Biodisintegration of polymer-starch blends”, (1988).
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[6] Bastioli, C., Belloti, V., and lombi, R., PCT int, pat, “Expanded products of biodegradable plastics & a method for their production”, April (1991).
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[7] Manchester packaging company D-grad@degradable polyethylene (manchesterpkg.com)
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[8] Anderson et.al. US patents 6,231,970; Thermoplastic starch compositions incorporating a particulate filler, May (2001).
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[9] Yoo & yukong. Us patent 5,461,093 ; Biodegradable polyethylene composition chemically bonded with starch & a process for preparing thereof, (1995).
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[10] Akaranta, O., Oku. G.E., Carbohydrate polymers 34 “some properties of cassava mesocarp carbohydrates – LDPE blends”, p. 403, (1997).
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[12] Austin, R.G., Us patent 5,281,681; Photodegradable & Biodegradable polyethylene, Oct. (1991).
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[13] Otera et al., Us patent 6,114,496 ; Biodegradable resin composition & preparation process thereof, Set. (2000).
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[14] Willett,J.L., Us patent 5,087, 650; Biodegradable plastics, Feb. (1992).
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[15] Loercks et al., Us patent 6, 235, 815; Biodegradable polymeric mixtures based on thermoplastic starch, May (2001).
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[16] D.M.Wiles et al., Biodegradable plastics ’99 conference, Frankfurt, Germany. Biodegradable films from PE, April (1999).
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Electroresponsive Acrylic Gels
This articles is comprised of two parts: a) an experimental investigation on the behavior of an acrylic gel under DC electric field and b) a physico - mathematical description.a) Gel rods made of poly [acrylamide-co-bisacrylamide] were partially hydrolyzed to different extents at pH 12 by teteramethylethylene diamine. Equlibrium properties of the resulting gels rods (water content, number of carboxyl groups and pore size) were determined. Gel rods were then placed in water parallel to planar platinum electrodes. Under the field strengths geater than 2 V/cm the gels gradually bend towards cathode and after reaching a maximum, they traverse a smooth reverse deformation, finally bending towards anode. The speed and extent of these deformations depend on the electric field strergth; length, diameter, charge density (extent of hydrolysis) of the gel rods; temperature, and the pH of the bathing medium. In all cases the bending behavior follows the relation for the tree – point mechanical bending of solid rods. Anodic swelling and bending towards cathode is attributed to the difference in the osmotic pressure between the anodic and the cathodic sides of the gel, while the reverse deformation and bending towards anode is assigned to the migration of H+ ions from the anolyte into the gel and neutralization of COO¯ groups.b) Theoretical analysis: These attributes are quantitatively represented by a proper theoretical formulation based on Donnan and Flory-Huggins theories. The relation obtained for the osmotic pressure within the gels, in the absence of an electric field, is modified to include the ionic flux in response to concentration and electric field gradients. Considering the ionization of water and the network carboxyl groups, together with the principle of charge neutrality, and assuming Donnan equilibrium at the gel boundaries under the applied electric fields, the equations for ionic fluxes are derived and solved by Laplace transform. It is found that the concentration of cations decreases in the anodic side of the gel while it increases in the cathodic side, leading to an osmotic swelling gradient in the gel causing it to bend.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_8156_697bc3cd717a650ec214d2e2353b684e.pdf
2004-04-01
13
24
10.30492/ijcce.2004.8156
Intelligent
Electroresponsive
Gels
Acrylic
Acrylamide
Donnan-Flory theories
Bending
Nadia
Javadian
1
Institute of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Tehran university, P.O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, I. R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Mohammad Nabi
Sarbolouki
2
Institute of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Tehran university, P.O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, I. R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
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63
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64
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Heat and Mass Transfer in Leather Drying Process
Leather manufacturing involves a crucial energy-intensive drying stage in the finishing process to remove its residual moisture. Determining drying characteristics of leather is vitally important so as to optimize the drying stage. This paper describes an analytical way for determination of the drying characteristics of leather. The model presented, is based on fundamental heat and mass transfer equations. Variations in temperature and moisture content distribution is solved numerically using the finite difference method. The effects of operation parameters, are examined using the model. The results of the parametric study provide a better understanding of the drying mechanisms and may lead to a series of recommendations for leather drying optimization. It opens the possibility for further investigations on description of relationships between model parameters and drying conditions.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_8157_3271a910374947e0e5a63615686f3c98.pdf
2004-04-01
25
34
10.30492/ijcce.2004.8157
Convective drying
Moisture and heat transfer
Leather drying optimization
Akbar
K.Haghi
1
Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, P.O.Box 3756, Rasht, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
D.
Rondot
2
Universite de Franche Comte, Besanson, FRANCE
AUTHOR
[1] Haghi, A.K., Zeghmati, B.and Rondot, D., Determination des Coefficients de Transfert de Chaleur lors du Sechage de Textiles par Thermographie Infrarouge et Microscopie Thermique a Balayage , Poster presentation,SFT, Paris ,2(11), pp.34-40(1994), (In French language).
1
[2] Haghi, A.K., Zeghmati, B. and Rondot, D., Determination des Coefficient de Transfert de Chaleur lors du Sechage, 2nd DAS Int. Conf. Proc., Romania ,Vol.2, pp. 189-196(1994),(In French language).
2
[3] Haghi,A.K., Zeghmati, B. and Rondot, D., Determination of Heat Transfer Coefficients During the Process of Through Drying of Wet Textile Materials with an Optico-Mechanical Scanning pyrometer & I.R thermograph, 3rd DAS Int. Conf. Proc.Romania ,Vol. 3, pp. 25-32(1996).
3
[4] Haghi, A.K., Zeghmati, B. and Rondot, D., Controle de Materiaux par Thermographie Infrarouge : Modelisation et Experiences 4rth DAS Int. Conf. Proc., Romania ,Vol. 1, pp. 65-76(1998), (In French language).
4
[5] Haghi,A.K., A Thermal Imaging Technique for Measuring Transient Temperature Field, 5th DAS Int. Conf. Proc., Romania, pp. 80-87(2000).
5
[6] Haghi, A.K., Experimental Investigations on Drying of Porous Media Using Infrared Radiation, Acta Polytechnica, 41,pp. 55-57(2001).
6
[7] Haghi,A.K., Some Aspects of Microwave Drying, The Annals of Stefan Cel Mare University, Romania, 8(14),pp. 60-65(2000).
7
[8] Haghi,A.K., A Mathematical Model of the Drying Process, Acta Polytechnica, 41, pp. 20-24(2001).
8
[9] Haghi,A.K., Simultaneous Moisture and Heat Transfer in Porous System, Journal of Computational and Applied Mechanics, 2(2), pp. 195-204(2001).
9
[10] Haghi,A.K., A Detailed Study on Moisture Sorption of Hygroscopic Fiber, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 32(2), pp. 47-62 (2002).
10
[11] Haghi, A.K., The Diffusion of Heat and Moisture through Textiles, International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 8(2), pp. 233-243 (2003).
11
[12] Arma, C.R., and, J.C. Gortary, Experimental Data and Preliminary Design of a Non-Conventional Dryer of Leather, Sixth int. Drying Symp., IDS 85, Versailles, France, 59-63(1988).
12
[13] Bienkiewicz, K.J., Physical Chemistry of Leather Making, Robert E. Kriger publication Co.(1983).
13
[14] Tomas, S., and Chou, W., 1353,Drying of pourous media, Drying Technology Int. J., 11(6) pp. 273-278(1993).
14
[15] Skansi, D. and Larson,G., Experimental Evaluation of the Microwave Drying of Leather, Journal of the society of Leather Technologists and Chemists, 79, pp. 171-177(1993).
15
[16] Henry, P.S.,Diffusion in Absorbing Media, Proc. R. Soc., 171A, pp. 215-655(1986).
16
[17] Nordon, P, and H. G. David. ,Coupled Diffusion of Moisture and Heat in Hygroscopic Textile Materials, Int. J. Heat Mass Trans., 10, pp. 853-866(1967).
17
[18] Farnworth, B., A ,Numerical Model of Combined Diffusion of Heat and Water vapor Through Clothing, Textile Res. J., 56, pp. 653-655(1986).
18
[19] Beard, J.N., More Efficient Tenter Frame Operation through Mathematical Modeling, Textile Chem. Colorist, 3, pp. 47-50(1986).
19
[20] Berger, D. and Pei, D.C., Drying of Hygroscopic Capillary Porous Solids- A theoretical Approach, International J. of Heat and Mass Transfer, 16, pp. 293-302(1973).
20
[21] Brailsford, A.D. and Major, K,G., The Effect of Irradiation on the Electric Resistivity and Thermal Conductivity of Uranium, Journal Nucl. Mater, 8(2), pp. 241-247(1963).
21
[22] Stannish, M,A. and Schajer, G.S., Mathematical Model of Drying for Hygroscopic Porous Media, AICHE journal, 32(8),pp. 1301-1311(1986).
22
[23] Ozisik, M.N., “Heat Transfer, A Basic Approach”, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, (1985).
23
[24] Treybal, R.E., Mass Transfer Operation, 2nd edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., NY. (1968).
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Modelsaz: An Object-Oriented Computer-Aided Modeling Environment
Modeling and simulation of processing plants are widely used in industry. Construction of a mathematical model for a plant is a time-consuming and error-prone task. In light of extensive advancements in computer science (both hardware and software), computers are becoming a necessary instrument in industrial activities. Many software tools for modeling, simulation and optimization of processing plants have been developed. In this paper, a new tool, called “Modelsaz”, for the modeling of physical-chemical-biological processing systems is introduced. This software can automatically generate mathematical models of various processing plants in Mathematica™ compatible format, based on conservation principle. Lumped systems are the basic elements of processing plants. The dynamic lumped models of the plants are based on transient mass and energy balances of these basic elements. “Modelsaz” has been developed under Microsoft-Windows 2000 operating system using Microsoft Visual C++6 programming environment. The software uses object-oriented features and has a user-friendly graphical interface in order to facilitate the construction, modification and reusability of a processing system models.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_8158_677a30d7065c0f2a778f43275471d711.pdf
2004-04-01
35
50
10.30492/ijcce.2004.8158
Object-Oriented Modeling
Simulation
Physical topology
Species topology
Modelsaz
Ali
Farzi
a-farzi@tabrizu.ac.ir
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Zip code 84156, Isfahan, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Arjomand
Mehrabani
arjomand@iut.ac.ir
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Zip code 84156, Isfahan, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
[2] Wolfram, S., Mathematica, University of Cambridge/ Wolfram Media Inc., New York, USA, (1999).
1
[2] Marquardt, W., Dynamic Process Simulation – Recent Trends and Future Challenges, Chemical Process Control CPC-IV, CACHE, Austin, AIChE, New York, pp. 131-180, (1991).
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[3] Boston, J. F., Britt, H. I. And Tayyabkhan, M. T., Software: Tackling Tougher Tasks, Chem. Eng. Progr., Vol. Nov., pp. 38-49, (1993).
3
[4] Bhargava, H.K, “Formal Semantics of a Typed Modeling Language, ASCEND, Smeal College of Business Administration”, Penn State University, http://www.smeal.psu.edu/~bhargava/, 41 pages, Octobor (2001).
4
[5] Elmqvist, H. E., Brück, D. and Otter, M., Dymola – User’sManual, Dynasim AB, Lund, Sweden, (1996).
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[6] Lund, P. C., An Object-Oriented Environment for Process Modeling and Simulation, Ph.D. Thesis, Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian Institute of Technology, Trondheim, (1992).
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[7] Barton, P. I., The Equation Oriented Strategy for Process Flowsheeting, Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, 24 pages, March (2000).
7
[8] Woods, E.A., The Hybrid Phenomena Theory, Ph.D. Thesis, Division of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian Institute of Technology, Trondheim, Norway, (1993).
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[9] Sørlie, C. F., A Computer Environment for Process Modeling, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Trondheim, Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Trondheim, Norway, (1990).
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[10] Stephanopoulos, G., Henning, G. and Leone, H., MODEL.LA A Modeling Language for Process Engineering. Part I and II. The Formal Framework, Computers and Chemical Engineering, 14(8), pp. 813-869, (1990).
10
[11] Mehrabani, A. Z., Computer Aided Modelling of Physical-Chemical-Biological Systems, Ph.D. Thesis, University of New South Wales, Australia, (1995).
11
[12] Asbjørbsen, O. A., Control and Operability of Process Plants; Computers and Chemical Engineering, Vol. 13(4,5), pp. 34-42, (1994).
12
[13] Anderson, M., Object-Oriented Modeling and Simulation of Hybrid Systems, Ph.D. Thesis, Dep. of Automatic Control, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund, Sweden, (1994).
13
[14] Telnes, K., Computer-Aided Modeling of Dynamic Processes Based on Elementary Physics, Ph.D. Thesis, Division of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian Institute of Technology, Trondheim, (1992).
14
[15] Krobb, C., Lohmann, B. and Marquardt, W., The Chemical Engineering Data Model, VeDa. Part 6: The Process of Model Development, Internal Report, Lehr-und Forschungsgebiet Theoretische Informatik, RWTH Aachen, (1998).
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[16] Bär, M. and Zeitz, M., A Knowledge-based Flowsheet-oriented User Interface for a Dynamic Process Simulator, Comp. Chem. Eng., 14, pp. 1275-1283, (1990).
16
[17] Marquardt, W., Trends in Computer-Aided Process Modeling, Comp. Chem. Eng., 20(6,7), pp. 591-609, (1996).
17
[18] Andersson, M., Object Oriented Modeling and Simulation of Hybrid Systems, Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Automatic Control, Lund Institute of Technology, Sweden, (1994).
18
[19] Farzi A., Modeling Physical-Chemical-Biological Systems by the Aid of the Computer, M.Sc. Thesis, Isfahan University of Technology, Dep. of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan, Iran, 2000 (in Farsi).
19
[20] Mehrabani, Z. A. and Farzi, A., Mathematical Representation of Tree Structures for Processing Systems, Iran. J. Chem. & Chem. Eng., Tehran, Iran, (2002).
20
[21] Veverka, V.V. and Modran, F., Material and Energy Balancing in the Process Industries, From Microscopic Balances to Large Plants, Elsevier, Amsterdam, (1997).
21
[22] Williams, M., Teach Yourself Visual C++6 in 24 Hours, SAMS, (1998).
22
[23] Farzi, A., A. Mehrabani Z. and Etemad, S. Gh., SimuChemPro: An Object-Oriented Environment for Modeling and Simulation, Proceedings of Chisa 2002 Congress, Czech, Praha, G2.6, (2002).
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Removal of Emulsified and Dissolved Traces of Organic Compounds from Industrial Wastewaters Using Natural and Synthesized (NaA and NaM) Zeolites
The main object of this study was to compare the natural and synthetic( NaA and NaM) zeolites as absorbents in removing emulsified and dissolved traces of organic compounds, which appear in the wastewater of power plants, refinery and petrochemical complexes. The specific objectives of the work was: a) to select the best species that have the highest amount of absorption; b) to measure the rate of absorption of traces of organic compounds and emulsions on the natural and synthesized zeolites; c)to establish the absorption isotherms for the organics and emulsions with selected samples; d) to select readily available regenerants, and e) to examine the pH dependence of the process and to establish a simple and practical method to detect and to measure the pollutants after the treatment process. The BOD and COD of the treated and feedwaters were compared.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_8160_c6f97600eb08c6fceb823613e759ef88.pdf
2004-04-01
51
56
10.30492/ijcce.2004.8160
zeolites
Wastewater
Removal
synthetic
Natural
COD
TOC
BOD
Absorption
Isotherm
Nasser
Modirshahla
1
Department of Applied Chemistry, Islamic Azad University Tabriz-Branch, P.O. Box 1658, Tabriz, I.R .IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sammad
M. Tabatabaii
2
Department of Applied Chemistry, Islamic Azad University Tabriz-Branch, P.O. Box 1658, Tabriz, I.R .IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Bahorshy, M.S., Impact of Foam on Textile Wastewater Treatment, American Dyestuff Reporter, 79, 26(1979).
1
[2] Mckay, C., Ottcburn, M.S., and Sweeny, A.G., The Removal of Color from Effluent Using Various Adsorbents – IV Silica, Equilibrium and Column Studies, Water Research, 14, 12(1979).
2
[3] Mancy, K.H., Gates, W.E., Ege, J.D., and Deb, P.K., The Adsorption Kinetics of ABS on Fly Ash, 19th Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana, 146(1964).
3
[4] Miller, W.W., Valoras, N. and Letey, Movement of Two Noanionic Surfactant in Wettable and Water – Repellent Soils, Soil Sci, Soc. Amer. Proc., 39, 11(1975).
4
[5] Rozen Milton J., Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena, John Willey & Sons Inc., 2nd Ed. (1989).
5
[6] Waymon, C.H. and Rovertson, J.B., Adsorption of ABS on Soil Minerals, 18th Ed. Indiana, 253(1963).
6
[7] Hossein Ganjidoust, Removal of Detergent from Wastewater Industries by Sorption on Soil Minerals. Environmental Engineering Dept. of Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran, Printed in Conference Booklet (Department’s Archives) (1992).
7
[8] Apripov, E.A. (Inst. Khim., Tashkent, USSR)., Research on Adsorption Processes and Natural Sorbents, Uzb. Khim. Zh., 4, 11(Russ)(1990).
8
[9] Khanturgaev. G.A.; (Vost – Sib. Tekhnol. Inst., Ulan– Udc, USSR), Use of Buryat Zeolites for Removal of Petroleum Products from Wastewater, Kompleksn. Ispol’z. Miner. Syrya 2, 65(Russ)(1990).
9
[10] Khoklova, A.D., Nemtsev, V.A., (Tarnopols Kaya, M.G.; USSR). Selection of Mineral and Carbon Sorbents for Removal of Petroleum Products from Wastewater or Precoatcd Filters, Fiz. -Khim. Ochistkai Metody Anal. prom. Stoch., Vod. M., 5(1988).
10
[11] Evdokimov, A. Ya, Eltekov, Yu. A., Falkovich, M.I., Martsin, I.I. (MING, USSR). Evaluation of the Activity of Sorbents for Regeneration of Oil, Khim. Tekhnol. Topl. Masel, 10, 6(Russ)(1990).
11
[12] Spivakova, O.M., Servyergov, L.B., Dubrovskaya, N.V. Fedorov, N.P., (LIST, Lenningrad, USSR). Treatment of Wastewater by Granulated Sorbents from Bentonite Clays, Vodosnobzh. Sanit. Tekh, 6, 23(Russ)(1989).
12
[13] Modirshahla N., Tabatabaii S.M., Removal of Emulsified and Dissolved Organics from Industrial Wastewaters Using Fixed Bed Natural Unmodified Inorganic Porous Minerals, 2 ed. International Mamedaliev Petrochemistry Conference, (An Oral Presentation), Baku Azarbaijan, September (2000).
13
[14] Modirshahla N., Tabatabaii S.M., Removal of Emulsified and Dissolved Traces of Organics from Industrial Wastewaters Using Fixed Bed Natural Unmodified Inorganic Porous Minerals, Processes in Petrochemistry and Petroleum Refinery, 2, 240(2000).
14
[15] Personal Communication with Professor Anavar Khodiev, from Azarbaijan Academy of Chemical Science and Technology, Baku, Azarbaijan Republic, Institute of Chemical Engineering.
15
[16] Mark J. Hammer, Water and Wastewater Technology, Si Version, Second Edition, Prentice – Hall International Inc., New York, pp. 320-328(1991).
16
[17] Stanley K.Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, Third Edition, Mc. Craw Hill International Inc, (1997).
17
[18] Beyer, H.K., (Central Institute of Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pusztaszeri ut, 59-67, H-1525, Budapest, Hungary), Nagy, J.B., (Catalysis Lab., Univ. of Notre-Dame, Rue de Brussels, 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium), Editors, in “Catalysis by Microporous Inorganic Mineral Materials”, Proceeding of zeocat, Published by Elsevier Science B.V, Sara Burgerhatstrraat 25, P,O. Box 211, 1000, AE Amsterdam, the Netherlands., July 9, (1995).
18
[19] Dabrowski,(Faculty of Chemistry, Marie Curie Skodowska University, Lublin, Poland), Mann, V.A.B., (Institute of Surface Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Ukrain, Kiev, Ukrain.), Catalysis by Microporous Inorganic Minerals, Proceedings of Zeocat Szonbathely, Hungary, July 9 (1996).
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Spectrophotometric Study of the Intreaction of some Benzo, Benzyl and Phnylcrown Ethers with Pi-Acceptor DDQ in Chloroform Solution
The interaction between benzo-15-crown-5 (B15C5), dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6), dibenzyl-daza-18crown-6 (DBzDA18C6), N-phenyl-aza-15-crown-5 (NPhA15C5) and dibenzopyridine-18-crown-6 (DBPy18C6) with π-acceptor 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ) in chloroform solution was studied spectrophotometrically. The interaction of B15C5-DDQ and DB18C6-DDQ caused the formation of 1:1 charge transfer complexes through equilibrium reaction. The interaction of others caused the formation of 1:1 complexes in an equilibrium step and the conversion of the resulting adduct to D+DDQ- (D=NPhA15C5, DBPy18C6, DBzDA18C6) in a nonequilibrium step. The formation constant of DBzDA18C6 was evaluated by computer fitting of the absorbance mole ratio data. Other stability constants were evaluated through the Hildebrand method. It was found that the stabilities vary in the order: B15C5 < DB18C6 < DBPy18C6 < NPhA15C5 < DBzDA18C6. All of the resulting molecular complexes were isolated in crystalline form and characterized.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_8161_6f288d4a58f15c00ffd457b211a3825e.pdf
2004-04-01
57
64
10.30492/ijcce.2004.8161
DDQ
Crown Ethers
Spectrophotometry
Charge transfer complex
Abolfazl
Semnani
a_semnani@yahoo.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Shahrekord University, P. O. Box 115, Shahrekord, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali Reza
Firooz
2
Department of Chemistry, Shahrekord University, P. O. Box 115, Shahrekord, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Hamid Reza
Pouretedal
hr_pouretedal@mut-es.ac.ir
3
Department of Chemistry, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Shahinshahr, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Behzad
Nazari
4
Department of Chemistry, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Shahinshahr, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Cuningham, K. G., Dawson, W. and Spring, F. S., J. Chem. Soc., 2305 (1951).
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[2] Cretanovic, R. J., Duncan, F. J., Falconer, W. E. and Sunder, W. A., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 88, 1602 (1966).
2
[3] Newman, M.S., Lutzz W. B. and Lednicer, D., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 77, 3420 (1955).
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[4] Kosower, E.M., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 80, 3253 (1958).
4
[5] Bryce M. R. and Murphy, I. C., Nature, 309 (1984).
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[6] Izatt , R. M. , Pawlak , K. , Bradshaw , J. S. and Bruening, R. L., Chem. Rev., 91, 1721 (1991).
6
[7] Shamsipur, M., Semnani, A. and Mokhtarifard, A., Iranian Journal of Science & Technology, 18, 192 (1994).
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[8] Semnani , A. and Shamsipur , M. , Polish J. Chem. , 70, 74 (1996).
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[9] Domench, A., Navarro, P. and Revirego, F., Talanta, 51, 625 (2000)
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[10] Semnani, A. and Shamsipur, M., J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2215 (1996).
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[11] Semnani, A. and Shamsipur, M., Polish J. Chem., 95, 134 (1997).
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[12] Bekin, M. A. and Yarkov, A. V., Spectrochim. Acta., 49(A), 531 (1999).
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[13] Sharghi, H., Massah, A. R. and Abedi, M., Talanta, 49, 531 (1999).
13
[14] Proceeding of the 26th International Symposium on Macrocyclic Chemistry (ISMC 2001) Japan, 15-20 July (2001).
14
[15] Bensi, H. A. and Hildebrand, J. H., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 71, 2703 (1949).
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[16] Nicely, V. A. and Dye, J. L., J. Chem. Educ., 48, 443 (1971).
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[17] Wenthworth, W. E., J. Chem. Educ., 42, 96 (1962).
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[18] Powell, M. J. D., Comput. J., 7, 155 (1964).
18
[19] Beck, M.T. and Nagypal, I., “Chemistry of Complex Equilibria”, John Wiley & Sons (1990).
19
[20] Semnani, A. and Shamsipur, M., Spectrochim. Acta., 49(A), 411 (1993).
20
[21] Nour - el-din, A. M., Spectrochim. Acta, 42(A), 637 (1976).
21
[22] Skoog, D.A., West, D. and Holler, J.F., “Funda-mentals of Analytical Chemistry”, Sounders College Publishing (1988).
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[23] Huheey, J.E., “Inorganic Chemistry”, Harper & Pow Publishers (1983).
23
[24] Giorgio, T. and Co-workers, Gazz, Chim. Ital., 119, 399 (1989).
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[25] Arteburn, J. B., Tetrahedron, 57, 9765 (2001).
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[26] Satoh, T. , Nakamura , A. and Iriuchijma , A. , Tetrahedron, 57, 9689 (2001).
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[27] Bringmann, G. and Tasler, S., Tetrahedron, 57, 31 (2001).
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[28] Ma, S., Zhang, X. D. and Shen, L. L., Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, 139, 97 (2001).
28
[29] Berry, R. F., Rice, S. A. and Ross, J., “Physical Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons (1980).
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Solvent Extraction and Spectrophotometric Determination of Magnesium by Paratoly l-2-Thenohydroxamic Acid and Quinalizarin
Magnesium is extracted with a chloroform solution of N-p-tolyl-2- thenohydroxamic acid (PTTHA) from aqueous solution of pH 9.5 .Mg-PTTHA complex is colourless and the colour is developed by adding quinalizarin into the extract. lmax and e of the complex are 590nm and 2.8´103 Lmol -1cm-1respectively.Most common ions do not interfere in the determination of magnesium. The spectral characteristics of magnesium complexes with hydroxamic acids are recorded. Magnesium is also determined by AAS and the results are in agreement with those of spectrophotometric method. The method is applied to the determination of magnesium in standard alloy samples.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_8162_a22ac89de27cb30dd62e117ba2d874b8.pdf
2004-04-01
65
71
10.30492/ijcce.2004.8162
Hydroxamic acid
Magnesium
Extraction spectrophotometry
Nasser
Dallali
naser.dalali@znu.ac.ir
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Zanjan University, Zanjan, P.O. Box 45195-313. I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Y. K.
Agrawal
2
Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, hmedabad,380009, INDIA
AUTHOR
[1] Greenwood, N. N., Earnshaw, A., “Chemistry of The Elements”, Pergmon, New York, (1984).
1
[2] Zolotov, Yu. A. and Bagreev, V. V., Zh. Analit. Khim, 22(9), 1423-1425 (1967).
2
[3] Pyatinitski, I. V. and Glushchenko, L. M., Z. H. Analit. Khim, 31 (6), 1109-1113 (1976).
3
[4] Prakash, Indu,Saxena, H. C., Chandra Suresh, and Prakash Dharam, Acta Cienc. India, 4(2), 150-153 (1978).
4
[5] Marczenko, Z., “Separation and spectrophotometric determination of elements”, 2nd ed., Elis Horwood ltd; England, (1986).
5
[6] Agrawal, Y. K. and Desai, T. A., Analyst, 111, 305 (1986).
6
[7] Agrawal, Y. K., and Dallali, N., Microchemical Journal, 43, 258-263 (1991).
7
[8] Agrawal, Y.K., Pranav shrivastav, Talanta, 44 1307-1312 (1997).
8
[9] Agrawal, Y.K., Malika Sanyal, Pranav Shrivastav, Sobhana. K. Menon., Talanta, 46 1041-1049 (1998).
9
[10] Kanji Kubo, Junko Kubo, Chifumi Kaminaga, Tadamitsu Sakurai, Talanta, 45, 963-968 (1998).
10
[11] Agrawal, Y.K. and Tandon, S.G., J.chem. Engg. Data, 16, 371 (1971), 16,495 (1971).
11
[12] Weissberger, A., Proskauer, E. S., Riddick, J. A., Toops, E. E. Jr., “Techniques of organic chemistry” Vol. III, Inter science, New York, (1955).
12
[13] Bates, R. G., “Determination of pH”, 2nd ed., wiley, New York, (1973).
13
[14] Welcher, F. J., “The Analytical uses of ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid”, van Nostrand, Princeton (1961).
14
[15] Branko, T.B. and Jerome, O.W., Anal. chem., 45, 1519 (1973).
15
[16] Skoog, D. A., West, D. M., Fundamentals of Analytical chemistry. 3rd, edn, Holt, Rinehart and winston. New York, (1976).
16
[17] Tsyvina, B. S., Davidovich, N. K., Zavodsk. Lab., 23, (1957).
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Design of the Reactor, Selection of Catalyst for Ortho to Para Hydrogen Conversion and Preliminary Design of Cryogenic System for its Liquefaction
Hydrogen is an unusual substance in that its molecule exists in two forms, known as ortho and para, with markedly different properties. Energy level of the ortho molecule is higher than para, therefore, the latter is employed for industrial purposes. Consequently, for a high conversion of ortho to para hydrogen a catalyst reactor must be employed. Therefore, one of the main objectives of this work is to design a tubular reactor. To obtain this objective, one the parameters which should be considered is the proper selection of a catalyst that can in turn effect the price and the life of it. In this work and for an optimum of hydrogen feed and its liquefaction, the following parameters for the cryogenic apparatus in the Linde-Hampson cycle such as heat requirements, nitrogen needed for the cycle, specific capacity of refrigeration, compressor work and the cycle efficiency have been computed.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_8163_5ffdc028da72a8157ba06e8ca69bf512.pdf
2004-04-01
73
78
10.30492/ijcce.2004.8163
Orthohydrogen
Parahydrogen
Catalytic reactor
Hydrogen energy
Linde-Hampson cycle
Naser
Saghatoleslami
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, 98164, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Javad
Sargolzaei
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, 98164, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Seyyed Mahmood
Mousavi
3
Department of Chemical Engineering, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, 91775-1111, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Randall F.B., "Cryogenic Systems", Second Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford (1985).
1
[2] Arkharov A., Martening I., Mikulin Ye., "Theory and Design of Cryogenic Systems", Mir Publishers (1981).
2
[3] Heidberg J., Gushanshaya N., Schonekas O., Schwarte R., "Induced Infrared Spectra of H2 Adsorbed on Alkali Halide Surfaces: Separation of Ortho-Para-H2 by Desorption", University of Hanover, Germany (1994).
3
[4] Shinozali T., Tsuneme A., Isomura S., Nagasaka K., Suda A., Tasiro H., "Measurement of Conversion Rate of Ortho- to Parahydrogen and its Regeneration in Raman Laser for Isotope Separation of Uranium", Engineering Journal, University of Tokyo (1994).
4
[5] Leven Spidel O., "Chemical Reaction Engineering", Second Edition, John Wiley, New Your(1972).
5
[6] Weitzel D.H., Vanalin C.C., Draper J.W., "Design Data for Ortho-Para Hydrogen Converters", Cel National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, Colorado (1976).
6
[7] Weitzel D.H., Draper J.W., Pork O.E., Timmerhaus K.D., Vanvalin C.C., "Catalysis of the Ortho-Parahydrogen Conversion", Col NBS, Boulder, Colorado (1976).
7
[8] Weitzel D.H., Balke J.H., Konecnik M., "Flow Conversion Kinetics of Ortho and Para Hydrogen", Cel NBS, Boulder, Colorado (1977).
8
[9] Weisend II J.G., "Handbook of Cryogenic Engineering", Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) Hamburg, Germany (1998).
9
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Suggestion of New Correlations for Drop/Interface Coalescence Phenomena in the Absence and Presence of Single Surfactant
After designing and constructing a coalescence cell, drop/interface coalescence phenomenon was studied in the absence and presence of single surfactant.Two surface active agents of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 1-decanol were used. Distilled water was used as dispersed phase. Toluene, n-heptane and aqueous 60% (v/v) of glycerol were selected as continuous phases, separately. It was found that the coalescence time increased with both drop size and falling height. When the chemical system suffered from multi-step (partial) coalescence, number of coalescence steps decreased with either of these variables. Addition of a single ionic or nonionic surfactant made the drop size smaller, and hence caused the onset of partial coalescence. When the surfactant was soluble in the drop phase, it increased the time more effectively. Also, It was found that the viscosity of the continuous phase played an important role in drop-interface coalescence. Based on the experimental results, new correlations were proposed. Then, the results were compared with the other models by application of the existing condition.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_8164_6dee5297de9d70c88fcb4b4e18dd52a0.pdf
2004-04-01
79
88
10.30492/ijcce.2004.8164
interface
Dispersed phase
Continuous phase
Coalescence time
surfactant
Parissa
Khadiv Parsi
kparsi@ut.ac.ir
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tehran University, P.O.Box. 11365-4563, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Ali
Moosavian
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tehran University, P.O.Box. 11365-4563, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Sinegribova, O.A., Andreev, A.Y., Voronin, O.V. and Dvoeglazov, K.N., The Influence of Silicic Acid on the Coalescence of Drops in the Extraction system TBP-HNO3(HCl), Logsdail, D.H. and Slater, M.J., Eds., in “Solvent Extraction in the Process Industries”, Vol. 3, Elsevier, London, UK (1993).
1
[2] Lin,C.-Y. and Slattery, J.C., Thining of a Liquid Film as a Small Drop or Bubble Approaches a Fluid-Fluid Interface, AIChE J., 28, 786 (1982).
2
[3] Lyu, S.-P., Bates, F.S. and Macosko, C.W., Coalescence in Polymer Blends during Shearing, AIChE J., 46, 229 (2000).
3
[4] de Gennes, P.G., Some Remarks on Coalescence in Emulsions or Foams, Chem. Eng. Sci. , 56, 5449 (2001).
4
[5] Henschke, M., Schlieper, L.H. and Pfennig, A., Determination of a Coalescence Parameter from Batch Settling Experiments, Chem. Eng. J., 85, 369 (2002).
5
[6] Davies, G.A., Mixing and Coalescence Phenomena in Liquid-Liquid Systems, Thornton, J.D., Ed., in “Science and Practice of Liquid-Liquid Extraction”, Vol. 1, Oxford, London, UK (1992).
6
[7] Yiantsios,S.G. and Davis, R.H., On the Buoyancy Driven Motion of a Drop towards a Rigid Surface or a Deformable Interface, J. Fluid Mech. , 217, 547(1990).
7
[8] Ban, T., Kawaizumi, F., Nii, S. and Takahashi, K., Study of Drop Coalescence Behavior for Liquid/Liquid Extraction Operation, Chem. Eng. Sci., 55, 5385 (2000).
8
[9] Hartland, S., Coalescence in Dense Packed Dispersion, Ivanov, I.B., Ed., in “Thin Liquid Films”, Marcel Dekker, New York, NY (1988).
9
[10] Jeffreys, G.V. and Davies, G.A., Coalescence of Liquid Droplets and Liquid Dispersions, Hanson, C., Ed., in “Recent Advances in Liquid/Liquid Extraction”, Pergamon Press (1971).
10
[11] Laddha, G.S. and Degaleesan, T.E., Dispersion and Coalescence, Lo, T.C., Baird, M.H.I. and Hanson, C., Eds., in “Handbook of Solvent Extraction”, Krieger, Malaber, FL (1991).
11
[12] Khadiv-Parsi, P. and Moosavian, M.-A., The Influence of Bicomponent Mixed Surfactants on Drop/Interface Coalescence, Iran. J. Chem. & Chem. Eng., 23, 89 (2004).
12
[13] Yeo, L.Y., Matar, O.K., Susana Perez de Ortiz, E. and Hewitt, G.F., Film Drainage between Two Surfactant- Coated Drops Colliding at Constant Approach Velocity, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 257, 93 (2003).
13
[14] Khadiv-Parsi, P., Suggestion and Analysis of New Correlations in the Drop-Interface Coalescence and the Droplet Dispersion Bed Phenomena, Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran (2001).
14
[15] Moosavian, M.-A., Bahmanyar, H., Khadiv-Parsi, P. and Ivani, J., Investigation and Analysis of Influence of Drop Size and Falling Distance on Drop-Interface Coalescence in Proc. 5th National and 4th International Chem. Eng. Congress”; University of Shiraz, Shiraz, 24-27 April (2000).
15
[16] Moosavian M.-A., Bahmanyar,H. and Khadiv-Parsi, P., The Effects of Drop Size, its Falling Distance and Fluctuations on Drop-Interface Coalescence Time, J. Faculty Eng., University of Tehran, 34, 91 (2001).
16
[17] Khadiv-Parsi,P., Moosavian, M.-A. and Bahmanyar, H., The Influence of Surfactants on Drop-Interface Coalescence Phenomena, sixth National Iranian Chem. Eng. Congress, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan (May 2001).
17
[18] Bart, H.-J., Berger, R., Míšek, T., Slater, M.J., Shröter, J. and Wachter, B., Recommended Systems for Liquid Extraction Studies, Godfrey, J.C. and Slater, M.J., Eds., in “Liquid-Liquid Extraction Equipment”, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY (1994).
18
[19] Skelland, A.H.P. and Minhas, S.S., Dispersed Phase Mass Transfer during Drop Formation and Coalescence in Liquid-Liquid Extraction, AICHE J., 17, 1316 (1971).
19
[20] Nikolov, A.D. and Wasan, D.T., Effects of Surfactant on Multiple Stepwise Coalescence of Single Drops at Liquid/Liquid Interfaces, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 34, 3653 (1995).
20
[21] Guzun-Stoica, A., Kurzeluk, M. and Floarea, Q., Experimental Study of Marangoni Effect in a Liquid/Liquid System, Chem. Eng. Sci., 55, 3813 (2000).
21
[22] Blawzdziewicz, J., Cristini, V. and Loewenberg, M., Near-Contact Motion of Surfactant-Covered Spherical Drops: Ionic Surfactant, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 211, 355 (1999).
22
[23] Bazhlekov, I.B., Chesters, A.K. and van de Vosse, F.N., The Effect of the Dispersed to Continuous Phase Viscosity Ratio on Film Drainage between Interacting Drops, Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 26, 445 (2000).
23
[24] Jeffreys, G.V. and Hawksley, J.L., Coalescence of Liquid Droplets in Two-Component Two-Phase Systems: Part I. Effect of Physical Properties on the Rate of Coalescence, AIChE J., 11, 413 (1965).
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Influence of Bicomponent Mixed Surfactants on Drop/Interface Coalescence
Effects of binary mixtures of ionic/nonionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate/2-heptanol or 1-decanol) and nonionic/nonionic surfactants (2-heptnol/1-decanol) on drop/interface coalescence of water drops in a continuous n-heptane phase were examined. The drop size reduced appreciably and the multi-step coalescence was suppressed finally as the concentration of each of the constituting components of surfactant mixture was increased. The drop became more stable in comparison to single surfactant systems. It was concluded that the mixed surfactants were much more effective on coalescence time and drop lifetime than single surfactant, particularly when one of the components was soluble in the drop phase.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_8165_7e46354005f4194c6685f6c57664fb72.pdf
2004-04-01
89
96
10.30492/ijcce.2004.8165
Drop
interface
Continuous phase
Coalescence time
Mixed surfactants
Multi-step coalescence
Parissa
Khadiv Parsi
kparsi@ut.ac.ir
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tehran University, P.O.Box. 11365-4563, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Ali
Moosavian
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tehran University, P.O.Box. 11365-4563, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Blawzdziewicz, J., Cristini, V. and Loewenberg, M., Near-Contact Motion of Surfactant-Covered Spherical Drops: Ionic Surfactant, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 211, 355 (1999).
1
[2] Yeo, L.Y., Matar, O.K., Susana Perez de Ortiz, E. and Hewitt, G.F., Film Drainage between Two Surfactant- Coated Drops Colliding at Constant Approach Velocity, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 257, 93 (2003).
2
[3] Myers, D., “Surfactant Science and Technology”; VCH Publishers, New York, NY (1988).
3
[4] Couper, A., Thermodynamics of Surfactant Solution, Tadros, T.F., Ed., in “Surfactants”, Academic Press, London (1984).
4
[5] Guzun-Stoica, A., Kurzeluk, M. and Floarea, Q., Experimental Study of Marangoni Effect in a Liquid/Liquid System, Chem. Eng. Sci., 55, 3813 (2000).
5
[6] Laughlin, R.G., “The Aqueous Phase Behavior of Surfactant”, Academic Press, London, UK (1994).
6
[7] Chesters, A.K. and Bazhlekov, I.B., Effect of Insoluble Surfactants on Drainage and Rupture of a Film between Drops Interacting under a Constant Force, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 230, 229 (2000).
7
[8] Gharibi, H., Hashemianzadeh, S.M. and Razavi-zadeh, B.M., Determination of Interaction Parameters of Mixed Surfactant System Using a Monte Carlo Simulation Technique, Colloids Surf. A: Phys. Eng. Aspects, 196, 31 (2002).
8
[9] Nikolov, A.D. and Wasan, D.T., Effects of Surfactant on Multiple Stepwise Coalescence of Single Drops at Liquid/Liquid Interfaces, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 34, 3653 (1995).
9
[10] Gao, H.-C., Zhao, S., Mao, S.-Z.,Yuan, H.-Z., Yu, J.-Y., Shen, L.F. and Du, Y.-R., Mixed Micelles of Polyethylene Glycol(23) Lauryl Ether with Ionic Surfactant Studied by Proton 1D and 2D NMR, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 249, 200 (2002).
10
[11] Abe, M. and Ogino, K., Solution Properties of Anionic/Nonionic “Mixed Surfactant Systems, Ogino, K. and Abe, M., Eds., in Mixed Surfactant System”, Marcel Dekker, New York, NY (1992).
11
[12] Urbina-Villalba, G. and Sucre, M.G., Influence of Surfactant Distribution on the Stability of Oil/Water Emulsions toward Flocculation and Coalescence, Colloids Surf. A: Phys. Eng. Aspects, 190, 111 (2001).
12
[13] Liu, D., Ma, J., Chang, H. and Zhao, Z., Investigation on the Conductivity and Microstructure of AOT/Nonionic Surfactant/Water/n-Heptane Mixed Reverse Micelles, Colloids Surf. A: Phys. Eng. Aspects, 135, 157 (1998).
13
[14] Panda, A. K. and Chakraborty, A. K., Interaction of Mixed Surfactants with Bacterial Lipopoly-saccharide, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 203, 260 (1998).
14
[15] Goloub, T.P., Pugh, R.J. and Zhmud, B.V., Micellar Interactions in Nonionic/Ionic Mixed Surfactant Systems, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 229, 72 (2000).
15
[16] Narsimhan, G. and Goel, P., Drop Coalescence during Emulsion Formation in a High Pressure Homogenizer for Tetradecane/in/Water Emulsion Stabilized by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 238, 420 (2001).
16
[17] Chanamai, R. and McClements, D.J., Creaming Stability of Flocculated Monodisperse Oil/in/Water Emulsions, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 225, 214 (2000).
17
[18] Dickinson, E. and Ritzoulis, C., Creaming and Rheology of Oil/in/Water Emulsions Containing Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Sodium Caseinate, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 224, 148 (2000).
18
[19] Verma, S. and Kumar, V.V., Relationship between Oil/Water Interfacial Tension and Oily Soil Removal in Mixed Surfactant Systems, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 207, 1 (1998).
19
[20] Kabin, J.A., Tolstedt, S.L., Sáez, A.E., Grant, C.S. and Carbonell, G., Removal of Organic Films from Rotating Disks Using Aqueous Solutions of Nonionic Surfactants: Effect of Surfactant Molecular Structure, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 206, 102 (1998).
20
[21] Jeffreys, G.V. and Davies, G.A., Coalescence of Liquid Droplets and Liquid Dispersions, Hanson, C., Ed., in “Recent advances in Liquid/Liquid Extraction”, Pergamon Press (1971).
21
[22] Khadiv-Parsi, P., Suggestion and Analysis of New Correlations in the Drop-Interface Coalescence and the Droplet Dispersion Bed Phenomena, Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran (2001).
22
[23] Khadiv-Parsi,P., Moosavian, M.-A. and Bahmanyar, H., The Influence of Surfactants on Drop/Interface Coalescence Phenomena, Sixth National Iranian Chem. Eng. Congress, Isfahan University of Technology (May 2001).
23
[24] Khadiv-Parsi, P. and Moosavian,M.-A., Suggestion of New Correlations for Drop/Interface Coalescence Phenomena in the Absence and Presence of Single Surfactant, Iran. J. Chem. & Chem. Eng., 23, 79 (2004).
24
[25] Skelland, A.H.P. and Minhas, S.S., Dispersed Phase Mass Transfer during Drop Formation and Coalescence in Liquid-Liquid Extraction, AICHE J., 17, 1316 (1971).
25
[26] Ciach, A., Babin, V. and Tasinkerych, M., Effects of Confinement on Self-Assembling Systems, Colloids Surf. A: Phys. Eng. Aspects, 28, 51 (2001).
26
[27] Shelley, J.C. and Shelley, M.Y., Computer Simulation of Surfactant Solutions, Current Opinion in Colloid Interf. Sci., 5, 101 (2000).
27
[28] Vaughan, C.D., Stability of Emulsions, Schick, M.J. and Fowkes, F.M., Eds., in “Surfactants in Cosmetics”, Marcel Dekker, New York, NY (1997).
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Studies on Nickel(II)-Pyridoxamine-Imidazole Containing Mixed Ligand Complex Systems
The stability constants of species present in the systems Ni(II)-pyridoxamine(pym)(A) and Ni(II)-pyridoxamine(pym)(A)-imidazole containing ligands(B) [B = imidazole(him), benzimidazole(bim), histamine(hist) and L-histidine(his)] have been determined pH-metrically using the MINIQUAD computer program. The existence of the species NiAH, NiA and NiA2 was proven for the Ni(II)-pym(A) system, whereas for the Ni(II)-pym(A)-B systems NiABH2, NiABH, NiAB and NiAB2 species were identified. The pym ligand(A) binds the metal ion via its phenolic oxygen and amino methyl nitrogen atoms in the NiAB and NiAB2 species, and the binding of ligand B in these complexes is similar to their binding in the respective binary species. The site of protonation in NiABH and NiABH2 species is explained. A more positive D log K values for NiAB compared to NiAB2 species is discussed. The computer simulated distribution of the complexes in solution has been evaluated. The mixed ligand pyridoxamine complex of Ni(II) with L-histidine was prepared and characterized by conventional methods.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_8166_59ffe5a829ad20d3793738a6523d51d6.pdf
2004-04-01
97
102
10.30492/ijcce.2004.8166
Mixed ligand complex
Stability constant
Speciation
Pyridoxamine
Imidazole containing ligands
M.A
Neelakantan
maneels@rediffmail.com
1
Department of Chemistry, National Engineering College, K.R Nagar,Kovilpatti – 628 503, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
LEAD_AUTHOR
M . Sivasankaran
Nair
2
Department of Chemistry, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University,Abhishekapatti, Tirunelveli – 627 012, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
AUTHOR
[1] Sigel, H., “Metal ions in biological systems”, 1, 37 edited by A Sigel (M Dekker, NY) (1971 – 1997); Williams, D.R., “The metals of Life” , Van Nostrand Rein Hold, New York (1971); “Transition metal sulfur chemistry, Biological and industrial significance”, edited by Stiefel, E.I., and Matsumoto, K., Oxford (2001).
1
[2] Leklem, J.E., “Handbook of Vitamins”, Marcel Decker Inc, New York, (1991); “Nutrition in Health and Disease”, Williams and Wilkins (1999).
2
[3] Karlin, K. D., and Tyeklar, Z., “Bioinorganic Chemistry”, Chapman and Hall, NewYork (1993).
3
[4] Nair, M.S., and Neelakantan, M.A., J. Indian Chem. Soc, 77, 373 (2000); 77, 394 (2000).
4
[5] Nair, M.S., Arasu, P.T., Pillai, M.S., and Natarajan, C., J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans, 917 (1993).
5
[6] Nair, M.S., Arasu, P.T., Pillai, M.S., and Natarajan, C., Trans Met. Chem, 1111 (1995).
6
[7] Nair, M.S., Arasu, P.T., Pillai, M.S., and Natarajan, C., Talanta, 40, 1411 (1993).
7
[8] Nair, M.S., and Neelakantan, M.A., Indian J. Chem, Sect. A, 38, 575 (1999).
8
[9] Gans, P., Vacca, A., and Sabatini, A., Inorg. Chim. Acta, 18, 23 (1976).
9
[10] El-Ezaby, M.S., and Al. Sogair, Polyhedron, 1, 791(1982); 2, 245 (1983).
10
[11] Chiacchierini, E., Ascenzo, G.D., De Angelis, G., Margi, A.L., and Peetrone, V., Ann. Chim(Rome), 67, 195 (1977).
11
[12] Shoukry, M. M., Khairy, E. M., and Mohamed, M.M., Talanta, 44, 1149 (1997).
12
[13] Sigel, H., Tribolet, R. B., and Yamuchi, O., Comments Inorg Chem, 9 (1990).
13
[14] Nakamoto, K., “Infrared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic and Coordination compounds”, John Wiely, New York (1978).
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Liquid-Vapor Density of Sulfur Hexaf luoride in the Critical Point
The thermodynamic properties of fluids can be predicted using the global equations of state. Among these thermodynamic properties of fluids, we choose the densities of the liquid and vapor phases. This paper considers the application of the crossover model to the vapor-liquid rectilinear diameter of sulfurhexafluoride. We also present a comparison of the crossover model equation with the experimental data.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_8167_c8198b2560ba6c2be8b8073b48b0eaa4.pdf
2004-04-01
103
108
10.30492/ijcce.2004.8167
Crossover model
Fluids
Rectilinear diameter
Sulfurhexafluoride
Azzedine
Abbaci
azzedineabbaci@hotmail.com
1
Faculté des Sciences, Département de Chimie, Université Badji-Mokhtar, B.P. 12, El-Hadjar, Annaba (23200), ALGERIA
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] Fisher, M.E., “In critical phenomena”, Vol. 186 of lectures Notes in Physics, edited by Hahne, F. J. W. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin), p. 1 (1982).
1
[2] Abbaci, A., On the critical phenomena of fluids, J. S. A. C., 4(1), 97 (1994).
2
[3] Chen, Z.Y., Abbaci, A., Tang, S., and Sengers, J. V., Golbal thermodynamic behavior of fluids in the critical region., Phys. Rev. A, 42, 4470 (1990).
3
[4] Abbaci, A., Global thermodynamic behavior of fluids and fluid mixtures in the critical region, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Maryland (1991).
4
[5] Chen, Z.Y., Albright, P.C., and Sengers, J. V., Crossover behavior from singular critical to regular classical thermodynamic behavior of fluids, Phys. Rev. A, 41, 877 (1990).
5
[6] Wilson, K. G., Renormalization group and critical phenomena, Phys. Rev. B, 4, 3174 (1971).
6
[7] Nicoll, J. F., and Albright, P. C., Crossover functions by renormalization-group matching: Three-loop results, Phys. Rev. B, 31, 4576 (1985).
7
[8] Nicoll, J. F., Critical phenomena of fluids: Landau- Ginzburg-Wilson model, Phys. Rev. A, 24, 2203 (1981).
8
[9] Bagnuls, C., and Bervillier, C., Non-asymptotic critical behavior from field theory at d=3: The disordered-phase case, Phys. Rev. B., 32, 7209 (1985).
9
[10] Patashinskii, A. Z. and Potrovskii, V. I., Fluctuation theory of phase transition, Pergamon, Oxford (1979).
10
[11] Ley-Koo, M. E. and Green, M. S., Consequences of the renormalization group for the thermodynamics of fluids near the critical point, Phys. Rev. A, 23, 2650 (1981).
11
[12] Weiner, J., Langley, K. H., and Ford, N. C., Jr., Experimental evidence for a departure from the law of the rectilinear diameter, Phys. Rev. Lett., 32, 879 (1974).
12
[13] Ley-Koo, M. and Green, M. S., Revised and extended scaling for coexisting densities of SF6 Phys. Rev. A, 16, 2483 (1977).
13
[14] Pestak, M. W., Goldstein, R. E. , Chan, M. H. W., de Bruyn, J. R., Balzarini, D. A., and Ashcroft, N. W., Three-body interactions, scaling variables, and singular diameters in the coexistence curves of fluids, Phys. Rev. B, 36, 599 (1987).
14
[15] Abbaci, A., and Sengers, J. V., An assessment of the thermodynamic behavior of sulfurhexafluoride in the critical region, Technical report BN 1111, University of Maryland, College Park, pp. 59, USA (1990).
15
[16] Abbaci, A., International Conference on the thermodynamic properties of Fluids, Boulder, Co, U.S.A., June (1994).
16
[17] Biswas, S. N., Trappeniers, N. J., Hoogland, J. H. B., PVT properties of sulphur-hexafluoride in the
17
gas-liquid critical region, Physica A, 126, 384 (1984).
18
[18] Gilgen, R., Kleinrahm, R., and Wagner, W., Measurements of the (pressure, density, temperature) relation of sulfur-hexafluoride in the homogeneous region, J. Chem. Thermodynamics, 24, 953 (1992)
19
[19] Kostrowicka Wyczalkowska, A. and Sengers, J. V., Thermodynamic properties of sulfurhexafluoride in the critical region, J. Chem. Phys., 111, 1551 (2001).
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Equilibrium Solubility of Carbon Dioxide in the Mixed Aqueous Solutions of Triisopropanolamine and Monoethanolamine in the Range 30-70 C and Low Partial Pressures
The equilibrium solubility data of CO2 in the various aqueous blends of triisopropanolamine (TIPA) + monoethanolamine (MEA) with the total alkanolamine concentration of 2 mole / dm3 were measured at the temperatures of 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 oC and CO2 partial pressures below 100 kPa. The experiments were done in an atmospheric gas absorption system and the amount of absorbed CO2 was measured with acidification method and by a graduated burette. The results indicate that the increase in the CO2 partial pressure or the MEA ratio in the blended solvents increases the absorption capacity of the solutions and when the temperature is increased, the capacity decreases. Hence, one can use proper blends of TIPA+MEA to obtain acceptable absorption capacity and lower the regeneration cost and benefit from other useful properties of TIPA such as its low corrosivity and low degradation rate. Immersion corrosion tests carried out on stainless steel 304 coupons at 45 oC for 15 days in some blended solvents, in the presence or absence of dissolved CO2, showed no corrosion.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_8168_2a27d55dbca42c5a453cbf0ea3a7722c.pdf
2004-04-01
109
115
10.30492/ijcce.2004.8168
Carbon dioxide
Alkanolamine
Triisopropanolamine
monoethanolamine
Gas absorption
Nezameddin
Daneshvar
1
Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Tabriz University, Tabriz, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad T.
Zaafarani Moattar
2
Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Tabriz University, Tabriz, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Majid
Abedinzadegan Abdi
3
Gas Research Department, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Soheil
Aber
4
Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Tabriz University, Tabriz, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Dawodu, O. F. and Meisen, A., Can. J. Chem. Eng., 74, 960 (1996).
1
[2] Jou, F. Y., Carrol, J. J., Mather, A. E. and Otto, F. D., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 38, 75 (1993).
2
[3] Jou, F. Y., Carrol, J. J., Mather, A. E. and Otto, F. D., Can. J. Chem. Eng., 71, 264 (1993).
3
[4] MacGregor, R. J. and Mather, A. E., Can. J. Chem. Eng., 69, 1357 (1991).
4
[5] Austgen, D. M., Rochelle, G. T. and Chen, Ch. Ch., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 30, 543 (1991).
5
[6] Jou, F.Y., Otto, F. D. and Mather, A. E., Can. J. Chem. Eng., 63, 122 (1985).
6
[7] Xu, G. W., Zhang, Ch. F., Qin, Sh. J., Gao, W. H. and Liu, H. B., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 37, 1473 (1998).
7
[8] Liu, H. B., Zhang, Ch. F. and Xu, G. W., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 38, 4032 (1999).
8
[9] Roberts, B. E. and Mather, A. E., Can. J. Chem. Eng., 67, 519 (1988).
9
[10] Teng, T. T. and Mather, A. E., Can. J. Chem. Eng., 67, 846 (1989).
10
[11] Shen, K. P. and Li, M. H., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 37, 96 (1992).
11
[12] Jones, J. H., Froning, H. R. and Claytor, E. E., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 4, 85 (1959).
12
[13] Lee, J. I., Otto, F. D. and Mather, A. E., Can. J. Chem. Eng., 5, 803 (1974).
13
[14] Lee, J. I., Otto, F. D. and Mather, A. E., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2, 207 (1976).
14
[15] Storer, R. A., (Ed.) “Annual Book of ASTM Standards”, Sec. 3, Vol. 2, ASTM, Philadelphia, p. 177 (1986).
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Modified-One Pot Synthesis of Diaminoglyoxime
The one pot reaction of glyoxal and hydroxylamine hydrochloride in aqueous sodium hydroxide was found to be a safe and inexpensive method for the preparation of diaminoglyoxime. By increasing stoichiometric ratio of the hydroxylamine hydrochloride and decreasing the solvent volume, the product yield increased considerably (~ 70%).
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_8169_793e8730e7c91f703d735fff3ba37893.pdf
2004-04-01
117
118
10.30492/ijcce.2004.8169
Glyoxime
Diaminoglyoxime
Diaminofurazan
1
2
5-Oxadiazole
Furozanring
Ali
Kakanejadifard
alikakanejadifard@yahoo.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lorestan, P.O. Box 465, Khoramabad, I. R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
S. Morteza
Farnia
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tehran University, Tehran, I. R. IRAN.
AUTHOR
Golamreza
Najafi
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tehran University, Tehran, I. R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Chi, M., Gleeson, B., Hill, J., Willer, R. L., U.S Patent, 5071495 (1991).
1
[2] Stoner, C. E., Rheingold, R. L., Brill, T. B., Inorg.Chem., 30, 340 (1991).
2
[3] Stoner, C. E., Haggerty, B. S., Rheingold, R. L., Brill, T. B., Propellant.Explosive.Pyrotechnics,7, 82 (1992).
3
[4] Fischer, E., Chem.Ber., 22, 1931 (1889).
4
[5] Wieland, H., Chem.Ber., 42, 4192 (1909).
5
[6] Houben, J., Kauffmaann., Chem.Ber., 46, 2821 (1913).
6
[7] Pearse, G. A., Pflaum, R. T., J.Am.Chem.Soc., 81, 6505 (1959).
7
[8] Ungnade, H.E., Kissinger, L. N., Narath, A., Barham, D. C., J.Org.Chem., 28, 134 (1963).
8
[9] Park, D.J., Sten, A. G., Willer R. L., Synth.Commun., 20, 2901 (1990).
9
[10] Gunasekaran, A., Jayachandran, T., Boyer,J. H., Trudell, M. L., J.Heterocyclic.Chem., 32 , 1405 (1995).
10
[11] Coburn, M. D., J.Heterocyclic.Chem., 5, 83 (1968).
11
[12] Carmack. M., J.Org. Chem., 40, 2749 (1975).
12
[13] Willer, R. L., U.S.Patent 4,539,405 (1985).
13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Heat Transfer of Liquid/ Solid Fluidized Beds for Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids
The excellent performance of fluidized bed heat exchangers is due to the interaction between particles and heat transfer surface and to the mixing effects in the viscous sublayer. In this paper, the results of experimental investigations on heat transfer for a wide range of Newtonian and non-Newtonian (shear-thinning power law) fluids are presented. New design equations have been developed for the prediction of heat transfer coefficient. The predictions of these correlations and of numerous correlations recommended by other authors are compared with a large database compiled from the literature.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_8170_034b3c0659bb0408f78b02dc5ebd7b1b.pdf
2004-04-01
119
130
10.30492/ijcce.2004.8170
Fluidized bed
Non-Newtonian fluid
Heat Transfer
Bed voidage
Masoud
Aghajani
m.aghajani@put.ac.ir
1
Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Ahwaz, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
H.
Müller Steinhagen
2
Institute for Thermodynamics & Thermal Engineering, University of Stuttgart, GERMANY
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Jamialahmadi
3
Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Ahwaz, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Jamialahmadi, M. and Müller-Steinhagen, H., Hydrodynamics and Heat Transfer of Liquid Fluidized Bed Systems, Chem. Eng. Comm., 179, pp.35-79, (2000).
1
[2] Jamialahmadi, M. and Müller-Steinhagen, H., Bed Voidage in Annular Solid-Liquid Fluidized Beds, Chemical Engineering and Processing, 31, pp. 221-227, (1992).
2
[3] Aghajani, M., Studies of Bed Voidage and Heat Transfer in Solid-Liquid Fluidized Bed Heat Exchangers, PhD thesis, University of Surrey, UK, (2001).
3
[4] Yagi, S. and Wakao, N., Heat and Mass Transfer from Wall to Fluid in Packed Beds, AICHE J., 5, pp. 79-85, (1959).
4
[5] Midoux, N., Wild, J., Purwasamita, M., Chapentier, J. C. and Martin, H., Zum Flüssigkeitsinhalt und zum Wärmeübergang in Rieselbettreaktoren bei boher Wechselwirkung des Gases und der Flüssigkeit, Chem. Eng. Tech., 58, pp. 142-143, MS1445/86, (1986).
5
[6] Murayama, K., Fuluma, M. and Yasunishi, A., Wall-to-Bed Heat Transfer in Liquid-Solid and Gas- Liquid-Solid Fluidized Beds, Can. J. Chem. Eng., 64, pp. 399-408, (1986).
6
[7] Schütt, U., Wärmeübertragung in der Flüssigkeitswirbelschicht mit senkrechten Rohren, Wiss Zeitung der Techn. Hochschule Magdeburg, 26, pp. 71-74, (1982).
7
[8] Kang, Y., Fan, L.T. and Kim, S. D., Immersed Heater-Type Bed Heat Transfer in Liquid-Solid Fluidized Beds, AIChE J., 37, pp. 1101-1106, (1991).
8
[9] Kollbach, J., Ph. D. Thesis, Universität Achen, Achen, (1987).
9
[10] Kim, S. D., Kang, Y. and Kwon, H. K., Heat Transfer Characteristics in Two and Three Phase Slurry Fluidized Beds, AIChE J., 32, pp. 1397-1400, (1986).
10
[11] Juma, A. K. A. and Richardson, J.F., Heat Transfer to Cylinders from Segregating Liquid-Solid Fluidized Beds, Chemical Engineering Science, 40, pp. 687-694, (1985).
11
[12] Macias-Machin, A., Oufer, L. and Wannenmacher, N., Heat Transfer between an Immersed Wire and a Liquid Fluidized Bed, Powder Technology, 66, pp. 281-284, (1991).
12
[13] Jamialahmadi, M., Malayeri, M. R., and Mülller-Steinhagen, H., A Unified Correlation for the Prediction of Heat Transfer Coefficients in Liquid-Solid Fluidized Bed Systems, Journal of Heat Transfer, 118, pp. 952-959, (1996).
13
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Application of the Taguchi Design for Production of Poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) by Ralstonia eutropha
The Taguchi design of experiments was used to test the relative importance of medium components and environmental factors on poly(β-hydroxybutyrate)(PHB) production by Ralstonia eutropha. The optimum condition was obtained as: fructose concentration, 15 g/L; C/N ratio, 7.4; agitation speed 200 rpm; culture time, 40 h; temperature, 25 ° C; seed age, 15 h. At optimum condition the yield of PHB production was found to be 92.36%.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_8171_8ce6ee18ad9fb11d54746556a5062e87.pdf
2004-04-01
131
136
10.30492/ijcce.2004.8171
Poly (β-hydroxybutyrate)
Taguchi experimental design
Ralstionia eutropha
Biodegradable
Ebrahim
Vasheghani Farahani
evf@modares.ac.ir
1
Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University P.O. Box 14115-143, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kianoush
Khosravi Darani
2
Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University P.O. Box 14115-143, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Saied Abbas
Shojaosadati
3
Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University P.O. Box 14115-143, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
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17