ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Conductometric Studies of the Thermodynamics of Complexation of Zn2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Pb2+, Mn2+, Cu2+ Ions with 1,13-Bis(8-Quinolyl)-1,4,7,10,13-Pentaoxatridecane in Binary Solvent Mixtures
The complexation reaction between 1,13-bis(8-quinolyl)-1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxatridecane (Kryptofix5) ligand with Zn2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Pb2+, Mn2+ and Cu2+ ions were studied conductometrically in different AcetoNitrile-NitroMethane (AN-NM) and AcetoNitrile-Methanol (AN-MeOH) mixtures. The formation constants of the resulting 1:1 complexes were calculated from the computer fitting of the molar conductance in various mole ratios. The enthalpy and entropy changes of the complexation reactions were derived from conductometric titrations in different AN-NM mixtures at various temperatures. The results revealed that Kryptofix5 forms very stable 1:1 complexes with mentioned cations in all AN-NM and AN-MeOH mixtures. It was found that the stability of the resulting complexes decreased with increasing nitromethane or methanol in the solvent mixture. The TΔS° vs. ΔH° plot of all thermodynamic data obtained shows a fairly good linear correlation indicating the existence of enthalpy-entropy compensation in the complexation reactions.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_5945_10a2199548c363a5ee65d1dd4942490c.pdf
2012-09-01
1
7
10.30492/ijcce.2012.5945
Conductometry
Stability constant
1, 13–Bis(8-quinolyl)-1, 4, 7, 10, 13- pentaoxatridecane
Kryptofix5
Complexation
Mahmood
Payehghadr
mahmood_payehghadr@yahoo.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, PO BOX 19395-3697 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mehdi
Taghdiri
mehditaghdiri@yahoo.com
2
Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, PO BOX 19395-3697 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Akram
Zamani
3
Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, PO BOX 19395-3697 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Neda
Hesaraki
4
Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, PO BOX 19395-3697 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Moore C., Pressman B.C., Mechanism of Action of Valinomycin on Mitochondria, Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun., 15, p. 562 (1964).
1
[2] Tuemmler B., Maass G., Weber E., Wehner W., Voegtle, F., Noncyclic Crown-Type Polyethers, Pyridinophane Cryptands, and Their Alkali Metal Ion Complexes: Synthesis, Complex Stability, and Kinetics, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 99, p. 4683 (1977).
2
[3] Tummler B., Maass G., Vogtle F., Sieger H., Heimann U., Weber E., Open-Chain Polyethers. Influence of Aromatic Donor End Groups on Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Alkali Metal Ion Complex Formation, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 101, p. 2588 (1979).
3
[4] Madrakian T., Shamsipur M., Spectrophotometric Study of Some Transition Metal Complexes with Tetraethyleneglycol-bis-(8-quinolyl) Ether in Dimethylsulfoxide Solution Using Murexide as a Metallochromic Indicator, Polish J. Chem.,73, p. 1405 (1999).
4
[5] Rofouei M.K., Ahmadalinezhad A., Taghdiri M., Complexation Thermodynamics of Some Alkali-Metal Cations with 1,13-Bis(8-Quinolyl)-1,4,7,10,13-Pentaoxatridecane in Acetonitrile,J. Incl. Phenom., 58, p. 377 (2007).
5
[6] Payehghadr M., Zamani A., Salehi Sadaghiani A., Taghdiri M., Spectrophotometric and Conductometric Studies of the Thermodynamics Complexation of Zn2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+ Ions with 1,13-Bis(8-Quinolyl)-1,4,7,10,13-Pentaoxatridecane Ligand in Acetonitrile Solution., J. Incl. Phenom.,62, p. 255 (2008).
6
[7] Greenberg M.S., Popov A.I., Spectroscopic Studies of Ionic Solvation- XVII Studies of Preferential Solvation of the Sodium Ion in Nonaqueous Mixed Solvents by Sodium-23 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Spectrochim. Acta Part A, 31, p. 697 (1975).
7
[8] Wu Y.C., Koch W.F., Absolute Determination of Electrolytic Conductivity for Primary sStandard KCl Solutions from 0 to 50ºC, J. Solution Chem., 20, p. 391 (1991).
8
[9] Amini M.K., Shamsipur M., Complex Formation of Silver, Thallium and Alkali Cations with Dibenzo-30-Crown-10 in Some Non-Aqueous Solutions, Inorg. Chim. Acta., 183, p. 65 (1991).
9
[10] Amini M.K., Shamsipur M., Complex Formation of Hydronium Ion with Several Crown Ethers in 1,2-Dichloroethane, Acetonitrile, and Nitrobenzene Solutions, J. Solution Chem., 21, p. 275 (1992).
10
[11] Ganjali M.R., Rouhollahi A., Moghimi, A., Shamsipur, M., Conductance Study of Alkali Metal Complexes with 4¢-Carboxy-Benzo-24-Crown-8 and 4¢-Amido-Benzo-24-Crown-8 in Nitromethane, Acetonitrile and Dimethyle Formamide Solutions, Pol. J. Chem., 70, p. 1172 (1996).
11
[12] Weber E., Toner J.L., Goldberg I., Voegtle F., Laidler D.A., Stoddart J.F., Bartsch R.A., Liotta, C.L., "Crown Ethers and Analogs". Wiley (1989).
12
[13] Pourghobadi Z., Seyyed-Majidi F., Daghighi-Asli M., Parsa F., Moghimi A., Ganjali M.R., Aghabozorgand H., Shamsipur M., Synthesis of a New Triazine Derived Macrocycle and a Thermodynamic Study of Its Complexes with Some Transition and Heavy Metal Ions in Acetonitrile Solution, Pol. J. Chem., 74, p. 837 (2000).
13
[14] Takeda Y., Thermodynamic Study for Dibenzo-24-Crown-8 Complexes with Alkali Metal Ions in Nonaqueous Solvents, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 56, p. 3600 (1983).
14
[15] Gutmann V., "The Donor-Acceptor Approach to Molecular Interactions", Plenum,New York, (1978).
15
[16] Taghdiri M., Rofouei M.K., Shamsipur M., Conductance Study of the Thermodynamics of Complexation of K+, Rb+, Cs+ and Tl+ Ions with Dibenzo-24-Crown-8 in Binary Acetonitrile-Nitromethane Mixtures, J. Incl. Phenom., 58, p. 181 (2007).
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Electrochemical Investigation of Antibacterial Laser Dye Compound in 1,2-Dichloroethane at a Platinum Electrode
Diolefinic antibacterial laser dye namely 1,4-Bis[2-(4-Pyridyl) Vinyl] Benzene (4PVB)have been investigated electrochemically using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, convolution and deconvolution voltammetry combined with digital simulation techniques at a platinum electrode in 0.1 mol / L Tetra Butyl Ammonium Perchlorate (TBAP) in solvent 1,2-dichloroethane. The diolefinic species were reduced by consuming two sequential electrons to form radical anion and dianion. The second electron transfer was followed by chemical step i.e the electrode reaction proceed as EEC scheme. In scanning the potential to positive direction, the diolefinic laser dye compound was oxidized by loss of one electron, which was followed by a fast chemical process ( isomerization or association). The pathway of electrode reaction and the electrochemical parameters of the investigated compound were discussed & determined using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. The extracted electrochemical parameters were verified and confirmed via digital simulation and convolutive voltammetry methods.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_5946_de835f694df8e12b03a056802b821271.pdf
2012-09-01
9
18
10.30492/ijcce.2012.5946
Cyclic voltammetry
Convolutive voltammetry
Digital simulation
Antibacterial laser dye
Electrochemical parameters
Ibrahim Shibl
El-Hallag
i.elhallag@yahoo.com
1
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, 31527, Tanta, EGYPT
LEAD_AUTHOR
Elsayed Hassan
El-Mossalamy
2
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, SAUDI ARABIA
AUTHOR
Abdullah Mohamed
Asiri
3
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, SAUDI ARABIA
AUTHOR
[1] Osman A.M., Benzdioxazoles, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 79, p. 966 (1957).
1
[2] Wilson M.., Dobson J., Harvey, W., Sensitization of Oral Bacteria to Killing by Low-Power Laser Radiation, Curr. Microbiol., 25, p. 77 (1992).
2
[3] Wilson M., Dobson J., Sarkar S., Sensitization of Periodontopathogenic Bacteria to Klling by Light from a Low-Power Laser, Oral Microbiol. Immunol., 8, p. 182 (1993).
3
[4] Wilson M., Mia N., Sensitisation of Candida Albicans to Low-Power Laser Light, J. Oral Pathol. Med, 22, p. 354 (1993).
4
[5] Wilson M., Pratten J., Sensitisation of Staphylococcus Aureus to Killing by Low-Power Laser Light, J. Antimicrob. Chemother, 33, p. 619 (1994).
5
[6] Wilson C.L., Solar J.M., El-Ghaouth A., Wisniewskiet M.E, Botrytis Cinerea. Pl. Dis., 81, p. 204 (1970).
6
[7] Wilson M.R.S., Henderson B., Bacterial Perturbation of Cytokine Networks, Infect. Immunol., 66, p. 2401 (1998).
7
[8] Nostro A., M.A., Cannatelli I., Morelli A.D., Musolino F.S., Pizzimenti Alonzo A., Interactions between Components of the Essential Oil of Melealeuca Alternifolia, J. Appl. Microbiol, 4, p. 395 (2004).
8
[9] Rice M.J., Legg M., Powel K.A., Natural Products in Agriculture a View from the Industry, Pestic. Sci, 52, p. 184 (1998).
9
[10] Hasegawa M., New Polym React, Adv. Polym. Sci., 42, p. 1 (1982).
10
[11] Hasegawa M., Photo-Polymerization of Diolefin Crystals, Chem. Rev, 83, p. 507 (1983).
11
[12] Hasegawa M., Topochemical Photopolymerization of Diolefin Crystals, Pure Appl. Chem, 58, p. 1179 (1986).
12
[13] Dilling W.L., Polymerization of Unsaturated Compounds by Photocyclo Addition Reactions. Chem. Rev, 83, p. 1 (1983).
13
[14] Ebeid E. M., Sabry M.M.F. , El-Daly S.A.: 1,4-Bis(Beta-Pyridyl-2-Vinyl)Benzene(P2VB) and 2,5-Distrylpyrazine(DSP) as Blue Laser dye, Laser Chem, 5, p.223 (1985).
14
[15] Ebeid E.M., Issa R.M., El-Daly S.A., Sabry M.M.F.: New Diolefinic Laser Dyes: 1,4-Bis(Beta-Pyrazinyl-1,2-Vinyl)Benzene, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans, 82, p.1981 (1986).
15
[16] El-Daly S.A., Photophysical Properties: Laser Activity of and Energy Transfer from 1,4-Bis[Beta-(2-Benzothiazolyl)Vinyl]Benzene(BVB), J. Photochem. And Photobiol. A:chem., 124, p. 127 (1999).
16
[17] El-Daly S.A., Al-Hazmy S.M., Ebeid E.M., Bhasikuttan A.C., Palit D.K., Spare A.V., Mittal J.P., The Spectral, Acid Base and Laser Characteristics of 1,4-bis[Beta-(2-Quinolyl)Vinyl]Benzene, the Spectral, Acid Base, J. Phys. Chem, 100, p.9732 (1997).
17
[18] El-Daly S.A., Fayed T.A. , Photophysical Properties and Laser Activity of 1,4-Bis[Beta-(2-Quinolyl)Vinyl]Benzene, Spectrochimica Acta A, 55, p.2579 (1999).
18
[19] El-Daly S.A., Ebeid E.M., El-Hazmy S.M., Babaqi A.S., El-Gohary Z., Duportail G., Spectral, lifetime and Laser Activity of 2,5-bis-2(1-naphthyl)vinyl pyrazine and 2,5-bis-2-(2-naphthyl) vinyl pyrazine, Proc. Indain Acad. Sci (Chem. Sci), 105, p.651 (1993).
19
[20] Al-Hazmy S.M., Babaqi A.S., Daltrozzo E., Kilinik M., Sauter J., Ebeid E.M. , A New Diolefinic Laser Dye: 2,5-Bis-2-(2-Naphthyl)vinyl Pyrazine, J. Photochem, Photobiol, A: Chem, 122, p. 17 (1999).
20
[21] Allen R.L.M., "Colour Chemistry", Academic Press, Nelson Bath., London, p. 278 (1971).
21
[22] Yonjia S., Shengwu R., Dyes and Pigments, 157, p. 183 (1991).
22
[23] Irick Jr G., Kelly C.A., Martin J.C., USP 4075162, Chem. Abstr, 88, 192129 (1978).
23
[24] Hirohashi A., Akutagawa K., Sumiya M., Ito Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho, (1988).
24
[25] Bykh A.I., Golovenko V.M., Rozhitskii N.N., Study of the Effect of Electronic Structure of Electrochemically Active Compounds on Emitting Properties of Electrochemiluminescent Compositions, Deposited Doc., p. 42 (1982).
25
[26] Hosokawa C., Kusumoto T., Tokailin H., Higshi H., EP 373582, Chem. Abstr, 114, 153731 (1990).
26
[27] Ebeid E.M., Abdel-Kader M.H., Morsi S.E., Kinetics of the Photopolymerization of 2,5-Distyrylpyrazine in Solution, .J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans, 78, p. 3213 (1982).
27
[28] Ebeid E.M., Kandil S.H., 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Lifetime Studies of the Solution Photoactivity of 1,4-Bis (?-Pyridyl-2-Vinyl) Benzene and 2,5-Distyrylpyrazine, Photochemistry, 32, p. 384 (1986).
28
[29] Sakamoto M., Huy S., Nakanishi H., Nakanishi F., Yurugi T.; Hasegawa M, Chem. Lett, 99 (1981).
29
[30] Nakanishi F., Nakanishi H., Hasegawa M, Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 1575 (1976).
30
[31] Ebeid E.M., Lees A.J. Molecular Association in Flexible Diolefinic Dyes , J. Phys. Chem, 91, p. 5792, (1987).
31
[32] Ebeid E.M., El-Daly S.A., Hasegawa M., Excimeric Emission and Photochemical Behavior of p- Phenylene Diacrylic Acid and its Diethyl Ester, Laser Chem, 5, p. 309 (1985).
32
[33] Morris J.V., Mahaney M.A., Huber J.R, J. Phys. Chem, 80, p. 969 (1985).
33
[34] Nakanish F., Hasegawa M, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Edu, 8, p. 151 (1970).
34
[35] El-Hallag I.S., Hassanien A.M., Electrochemical Studies of the Complex (OC-6-22)-W(CO)(3) (dppm)(2) at a Glassy Carbon Electrode in CH2Cl2, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun, 64, p. 1953 (1999).
35
[36] El-Hallag I.S., Ghoneim M.M., Electrochemical Investigation of Some Ruthenium-Carborane Complexes at a Glassy Carbon Electrode, Monatsh. Chem, 130, p. 525 (1999).
36
[37] Nicholson R.S., Theory and Application of Cyclic Voltammetry for Measurement of Electrode Reaction Kinetics, Anal. Chem, 37, p. 1351 (1965).
37
[38] Nicholson R.S., Some Examples of the Numerical Solution of Nonlinear Integral Equations, Anal. Chem, 37, p. 722 (1965).
38
[39] El-Hallag I.S., Ghoneim M.M., Hammam E., New Method for the Investigation of CE System via Convolutive Voltammetry Combined with Digital Simulation, Anal. Chim. Acta, 414, p. 173 (2000).
39
[40] Bard A.J., Faulkner L.R., Electrochemical Methods, Fundamentals and Applications, Wiley, New York, (1980).
40
[41] Catton R.H., Chisholm M.H., Huffman J.C., Lobkovsky E.B.,Metal-metal Multiple Bonds in Ordered Assemblies. Tetranuclear Molybdenum and Tungsten Carboxylates Involving Covalently Linked Metal-Metal Quadruple Bonds. Molecular Models for Subunits of One-Dimensional Stiff-Chain Polymers, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 113, p. 8709 (1991).
41
[42] Robin M.B., Day P., Mixed Valence Chemistry-A Survey and Classification Adv. Inorg. Chem. Radiochem, 10, p. 247 (1967).
42
[43] El-Hallag I.S., Hassanien A.M., Convolutive Voltammetry of Closo- 2,3-Dicarbaundecaborane in Dichloromethane at a Glassy Carbon Electrode. "1999 Joint International Meeting", The Electrochemical Society, Honolulu, U.S.A., 463 (1999).
43
[44] Delahay P., Theory of Irreversible Waves in Oscillographic Polarography, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 75, p. 1190 (1953).
44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Removal of Acid Red 14 by Pumice Stone as a Low Cost Adsorbent: Kinetic and Equilibrium Study
In this work, removal of C. I. Acid Red 14 was investigated by Pumice stone as a low cost adsorbent. Various parameters such as initial dye solution, contact time and pH were studied. Removal of dye were increased by increasing of contact time and initial dye solution and deceased by increasing of pH. Three isotherm models were studied. Linear and non-linear regression analyses were used for determination of best isotherm model. In addition, Chi-square test parameter (χ2) was used for the comparison of experimental and calculated data that was obtained from equilibrium studies. The results of linear and non-linear regression analysis shows the removal of Acid Red 14 follows the Frundlich isotherm model (r2>0.987, X2=11.1). Fitting of obtained data onto kinetic models show the pseudo second order kinetic model best describe kinetic sorption of Acid Red 14 onto pumice. Mass transfer coefficient was determined at various initial dye solutions and was compared with the same work. The order of external mass transfer coefficient was 10-3-10-4. De-sorption studies demonstrate low regeneration of pumice for Acid Red 14 (9.4%).
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_5947_df0a927e5cce6eeb01307303ced5c198.pdf
2012-09-01
19
27
10.30492/ijcce.2012.5947
Adsorption
Equilibrium studies
Pumice
azo dye
Batch study
Mohammad Reza
Samarghandi
1
Department of Environmental Health Engineering and Research Center for Health Science, Faculty of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Mansur
Zarrabi
mansor62@gmail.com
2
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Noori Sepehr
golnara2006@yahoo.com
3
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Reza
Panahi
4
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Maryam
Foroghi
5
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Esfahan University of Medical Science, Esfahan, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Zhang F., Yediler A., Liang X., Decomposition Pathways and Reaction Intermediate Formation of the Purified, Hydrolyzed Azo Reactive Dye C.I. Reactive Red 120 During Ozonation, Chemosphere, 67, p. 712 (2007).
1
[2] Pourbabaee A.A., Malekzadeh F., Decolorization of Methyl Orange(As a Model Azo Dye) by the Newly Discovered Bacillus Sp., Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 24(3), p. 41 (2005).
2
[3] Shokoohi R., Vatanpoor V., Zarrabi M., Vatani A., Adsorption of Acid Red 18 (AR18) by Activated Carbon from Poplar Wood: Kinetic and Equilibrium Study, E-Journal of Chemistry, 7, p. 65 (2010).
3
[4] Karimi A., Vahabzadeh F., Mohseni M., Mehranian M., Decolorization of Maxilon-Red by Kissiris Immobilized Phanerochaete Chrysosporium in a Trickle-Bed Bioreactor-Involvement of Ligninolytic Enzymes, Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 28(3), p. 1 (2009).
4
[5] Yasar A., Ahmad N., Amanat A., Khan A., Yousaf A., Decolorization of Blue CL-BR Dye by AOPs Using Bleach Wastewater as Source of H2O2, Journal of Environmental Sciences, 19, p. 1183 (2007).
5
[6] Raghu S., Ahmed Basha C., Chemical or Electrochemical Techniques, Followed by Ion Exchange, for Recycle of Textile Dye Wastewater, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 149, p. 324
6
[7] Samadi M.T., Rahmani A.R., Zarrabi M., Shahabi E., Sameei F., Adsorption of Chromium (VI) from Aqueous Solution by Sugar Beet Bagasse-Based Activated Charcoal, Environmental Technology, 30, p. 1023 (2009).
7
[8] Baccara R., Bouzid J., Feki M., Montiel A., Preparation of Activated Carbon from Tunisian Olive-Waste Cakes and Its Application for Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 162, p. 1522 (2009).
8
[9] Crini G., Badot P., Application of Chitosan, a Natural Aminopolysaccharide, for Dye Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption Processes Using Batch Studies: A Review of Recent Literature, Progress in Polymer Science, 33, p. 399 (2008).
9
[10] Janos P., Sedivy P., Ryznarova M., Grotschelova S., Sorption of Basic and Acid Dyes from Aqueous Solutions Onto Oxihumolite, Chemosphere, 59, p. 881 (2005).
10
[11] Pengthamkeerati P., Satapanajaru T., Singchan O., Sorption of Reactive Dye from Aqueous Solution on Biomass Fly Ash, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 153, p. 1149 (2008).
11
[12] Bilal A., Batch Kinetic Study of Sorption of Methylene Blue by Perlite, Chemical Engineering Journal, 106, p. 73 (2005)
12
[13] Azizian S., Kinetic Models of Sorption: A Theoretical Study, Journal of Colloids and Interface Surface Science, 276, p. 47 (2004).
13
[14] Panuccio M.R., Sorgona A., Rizzo M., Cacco G., Cadmium Adsorption on Vermiculite, Zeolite and Pumice: Batch Experimental Studies, Journal of Environmental Management, 90, p. 364 (2009).
14
[15] Bekaroglua S.S.K., Yigit N.O., Karanfilb T., Kitis M., The Adsorptive Removal of Disinfection by-Product Precursors in a High-SUVA Water Using Iron Oxide-Coated Pumice and Volcanic Slag Particles, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 183, p. 389 (2010).
15
[16] Chenghuan Q., Ren W., Wei M., Adsorption Kinetic Studies of Calcium Ions Onto Ca-Selective Zeolite, Desalination, 259, p. 156 (2010).
16
[17] Hadadi N., Kananpanah S., Abolghasemi H., Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Studies of Cesium Adsorption on Natural Vermiculite and Optimization of Operation Conditions, Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 28(4), p. 29 (2009).
17
[18] Lucy M. ., Arely T., Dipendu S., Shuguang D., Adsorption Equilibrium and Kinetics of Fluoride on Sol-Gel-Derived Activated Alumina Adsorbents, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 349, p. 313 (2010).
18
[19] Janos P., Buchtov!a H., R!yznarov M., Sorption of Dyes from Aqueous Solutions Onto Fly Ash, Water Research, 37, p. 4938 (2003).
19
[20] Qian L., Qin-Yan Y., Yuan S., Bao-Yu G., Hong-Jian S., Equilibrium, Thermodynamics and Process Design to Minimize Adsorbent Amount for the Adsorption of Acid Dyes Onto Cationic Polymer-Loaded Bentonite, Chemical Engineering Journal, 158, p. 489 (2010).
20
[21] Zhenhu H., Hui C., Feng J., Shoujun Y., Removal of Congo Red from Aqueous Solution by Cattail Root, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 173, p. 292 (2010).
21
[22] George Z.K., Nikolaos K.L., Reactive and Basic Dyes Removal by Sorption Onto Chitosan Derivatives, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 331, p. 32 (2009).
22
[23] Baocheng Q., Jiti Z., Xuemin X., Chunli Z., Hongxia Z., Xiaobai Z., Adsorption Behavior of Azo Dye C. I. Acid Red 14 in Aqueous Solution on Surface Soils, Journal of Environmental Sciences, 20, p. 704 (2008).
23
[24] Tsai W.T., Chang C.Y., Ing C.H., Chang C.F., Adsorption of Acid Dyes from Aqueous Solution on Activated Bleaching Earth, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 275, p. 72 (2004).
24
[25] McKay G., El-Geundi, M.S., Nassar, M.M., Adsorption of Dyes Onto Bagasse Pitch During the External Transport Processes, Water Research, 22, p. 1527 (1998).
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Adsorption Mechanism for Aniline on the Hypercross-Linked Fiber
A type of novel hypercross-linked fiber adsorbent was obtained by sulfonation and cross-linking reaction of polypropylene fiber grafted styrene-divinylbenzene. The aim of the fiber sulfonation and cross-linking method was to prepare rigid three dimensional networks in the entire fiber and change the ion exchange capacity of fiber. The hypercross-linked fiber adsorbent possesses a principally different structure and could offer new possibility for adsorption, which is characterized by high adsorption capacity for aniline in this paper. A series of static adsorption tests were made. The results showed that the adsorbent has excellent adsorption capacity for aniline and the adsorption equilibrium data can be well fitted by Freundlich model. Adsorption of aniline on adsorbent was chemical adsorption and high temperature was favourable to endothermic chemisorption process. In addition, the kinetic studies were also carried out. The hypercross-linked fiber adsorbent showed faster adsorption rate than the base fiber. The quicker attainment of adsorption equilibrium (within 20 minutes) for aniline on adsorbent is advantageous for practical use. The pseudo-second-order rate model was suitable to describe the process. The pseudo-second-order model gave an excellent fit to all experimental data and adsorption capacities calculated by pseudo-second-order rate model were close to the values actually measured.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_5948_dfcb50ce76f095e5387a3d3a009949a7.pdf
2012-09-01
29
34
10.30492/ijcce.2012.5948
fibers
Aniline
Adsorption
Thermodynamics
Kinetics
Zhang
Yanli
yanli95@126.com
1
Chemistry and Chemical School, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, CHINA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Li
Dongguang
2
Chemistry and Chemical School, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, CHINA
AUTHOR
[1] Chen X.H., Guan M.Y., Wu J.L., The Research of Adsorption About Activity Al2O3 to Aniline in Wastewater, J Jiangsu teach univ technol, 16, p. 54 (2010).
1
[2] Zhang B., Wang J.F., Wang X., Li Z., Chen W.H., Li J.W., Adsorption Characteristics of Activated Carbon Fiber on Aniline in Water, Technol Wat Treat,36, p. 25 (2010).
2
[3] Zhou L., Cai M.Y., Guo S.Y., Qin Y.Y., Progress in the Application of Macroporous Adsorption Resin,
3
J. Kunming Univ Sci Technol., 28, p. 99 (2003).
4
[4] Zhang Q.X., Chen J.L., Li A.M., Yang W.B., Adsorption Mechanism of Toxic Organic Compounds in Chemical Wastewater by Polymeric Adsorbents, Acta Polym Sin, 7, p. 651 (2008).
5
[5] Xu S C, "Organic Chemistry", Higher Education Press, (1994).
6
[6] Tsyurupa M.P., Davankov V.A., Hypercrosslinked Polymers: Basic Principle of Preparing the New Class of Polymeric Materials, React Funct Polym, 53, p. 193 (2002).
7
[7]Gu H., Zhai Z.C, Progress in Treatment of Organic Chemical Wastewaters with Hypercrosslinked Adsorption Resin, J Yancheng Inst Technol, 17, p. 20 (2004).
8
[8] Zhang W.M., Chen J.L., Zhang Q.X., Pan B.C., Competitive and Cooperative Effect on Simultaneous Adsorption of Phenol and Aniline from Aqueous Solutions by Hypercrosslinked Polymeric Adsorbents, Acta Polym Sin, 2, p. 213 (2006).
9
[9] Zhang Y., Wang L.S., Zhou Y.H., Liu X.M., Yang H., Adsorption Kinetics of Capsaicin on Ion Exchange Fiber, Chem Ind & Eng Prog, 30, p. 1188 (2011).
10
[10] Shu Q., Wang H.W., Chen Y., Application of Ion-Exchange Fiber in Sewage Treatment, J Chem Ind Eng, 27, p. 41 (2006).
11
[11] Guo J., Chen Y.L., Luo Y., Xu K., Current Research and Prospects on New Ion-Exchange Fibers, High Technol Fiber Appl, 30, p. 35 (2005).
12
[12] Xu S.X., Liu T.Y., Study on Dynamic Adsorption and Desorption of Polysaccharide of Mulberry by Ion-Exchange Fiber, J B Inst Cloth Technol, 31, p. 74 (2011).
13
[13] Li D.G., Zhang Y.L., Zhang L., Synthesis and Adsorption Property of Hypercross-Linked Sorbent, J Sci Ind Res, 68, p. 52 (2009).
14
[14] Zhang Y.L., Li D.G., Polypropylene Fibre Grafted Styrene-Divinylbenzene Copolymers Post-Cross-Llinked with Cyanuric Chloride, Iran Polym J, 18, p. 617 (2009).
15
[15] Zhang Y.L., Li D.G., Adsorption of Pyrinine on Post-Crosslinked Fiber, J Sci Ind Res, 69, p. 73 (2010).
16
[16] He B.L., "Ion Exchange and Adsorption Resins",ShanghaiScience and Technology Education Press, (1995).
17
[17] Powell T., Brion M.G., Jagtoyen M., Derbyshire F., Investigating the Effect of Carbon Shape on Virus Adsorption, Environ Sci Technol, 34, p. 2779 (2000).
18
[18] Zhang G.C., Fei Z.H., Studies on Adsorption Mechanism for Aniline with the Hypercrosslinked Resins, Ion Exch Adsorpt, 18, p. 536 (2002).
19
icode?�ie �Y vRan style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;color:black'>[12] Bilal A., Batch Kinetic Study of Sorption of Methylene Blue by Perlite, Chemical Engineering Journal, 106, p. 73 (2005)
20
[13] Azizian S., Kinetic Models of Sorption: A Theoretical Study, Journal of Colloids and Interface Surface Science, 276, p. 47 (2004).
21
[14] Panuccio M.R., Sorgona A., Rizzo M., Cacco G., Cadmium Adsorption on Vermiculite, Zeolite and Pumice: Batch Experimental Studies, Journal of Environmental Management, 90, p. 364 (2009).
22
[15] Bekaroglua S.S.K., Yigit N.O., Karanfilb T., Kitis M., The Adsorptive Removal of Disinfection by-Product Precursors in a High-SUVA Water Using Iron Oxide-Coated Pumice and Volcanic Slag Particles, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 183, p. 389 (2010).
23
[16] Chenghuan Q., Ren W., Wei M., Adsorption Kinetic Studies of Calcium Ions Onto Ca-Selective Zeolite, Desalination, 259, p. 156 (2010).
24
[17] Hadadi N., Kananpanah S., Abolghasemi H., Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Studies of Cesium Adsorption on Natural Vermiculite and Optimization of Operation Conditions, Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 28(4), p. 29 (2009).
25
[18] Lucy M. ., Arely T., Dipendu S., Shuguang D., Adsorption Equilibrium and Kinetics of Fluoride on Sol-Gel-Derived Activated Alumina Adsorbents, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 349, p. 313 (2010).
26
[19] Janos P., Buchtov!a H., R!yznarov M., Sorption of Dyes from Aqueous Solutions Onto Fly Ash, Water Research, 37, p. 4938 (2003).
27
[20] Qian L., Qin-Yan Y., Yuan S., Bao-Yu G., Hong-Jian S., Equilibrium, Thermodynamics and Process Design to Minimize Adsorbent Amount for the Adsorption of Acid Dyes Onto Cationic Polymer-Loaded Bentonite, Chemical Engineering Journal, 158, p. 489 (2010).
28
[21] Zhenhu H., Hui C., Feng J., Shoujun Y., Removal of Congo Red from Aqueous Solution by Cattail Root, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 173, p. 292 (2010).
29
[22] George Z.K., Nikolaos K.L., Reactive and Basic Dyes Removal by Sorption Onto Chitosan Derivatives, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 331, p. 32 (2009).
30
[23] Baocheng Q., Jiti Z., Xuemin X., Chunli Z., Hongxia Z., Xiaobai Z., Adsorption Behavior of Azo Dye C. I. Acid Red 14 in Aqueous Solution on Surface Soils, Journal of Environmental Sciences, 20, p. 704 (2008).
31
[24] Tsai W.T., Chang C.Y., Ing C.H., Chang C.F., Adsorption of Acid Dyes from Aqueous Solution on Activated Bleaching Earth, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 275, p. 72 (2004).
32
[25] McKay G., El-Geundi, M.S., Nassar, M.M., Adsorption of Dyes Onto Bagasse Pitch During the External Transport Processes, Water Research, 22, p. 1527 (1998).
33
text�eg: vR��Lext-indent: -19.85pt;line-height:120%;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed'>[37] Nicholson R.S., Theory and Application of Cyclic Voltammetry for Measurement of Electrode Reaction Kinetics, Anal. Chem, 37, p. 1351 (1965).
34
[38] Nicholson R.S., Some Examples of the Numerical Solution of Nonlinear Integral Equations, Anal. Chem, 37, p. 722 (1965).
35
[39] El-Hallag I.S., Ghoneim M.M., Hammam E., New Method for the Investigation of CE System via Convolutive Voltammetry Combined with Digital Simulation, Anal. Chim. Acta, 414, p. 173 (2000).
36
[40] Bard A.J., Faulkner L.R., Electrochemical Methods, Fundamentals and Applications, Wiley, New York, (1980).
37
[41] Catton R.H., Chisholm M.H., Huffman J.C., Lobkovsky E.B.,Metal-metal Multiple Bonds in Ordered Assemblies. Tetranuclear Molybdenum and Tungsten Carboxylates Involving Covalently Linked Metal-Metal Quadruple Bonds. Molecular Models for Subunits of One-Dimensional Stiff-Chain Polymers, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 113, p. 8709 (1991).
38
[42] Robin M.B., Day P., Mixed Valence Chemistry- A Survey and Classification Adv. Inorg. Chem. Radiochem, 10, p. 247 (1967).
39
[43] El-Hallag I.S., Hassanien A.M., Convolutive Voltammetry of Closo- 2,3-Dicarbaundecaborane in Dichloromethane at a Glassy Carbon Electrode. "1999 Joint International Meeting", The Electrochemical Society, Honolulu, U.S.A., 463 (1999).
40
[44] Delahay P., Theory of Irreversible Waves in Oscillographic Polarography, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 75, p. 1190 (1953).
41
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Nickel Adsorption from Environmental Samples by Ion Imprinted Aniline -Formaldehyde Polymer
In this study, aniline-formaldehyde polymer was synthesized and then modified with extra aniline as cross-linker in the presence and absence of Ni(II) as the template to produce Ion Imprinted Poly(Aniline-Formaldehyde) (IIPAF) and Non Imprinted Poly(Aniline-Formaldehyde)(NIPAF) The IIPAF was subjected to adsorption, preconcentration and determination of Ni(II) ion in environmental samples. The effect of pH, contact time, interfering ions and other parameters on adsorption of Ni(II) was investigated.The optimum pH was found to be 8.0 with a recovery of 97.5%. Elution was performed with 0.5 M nitric acid. The sorption polymer capacity was found to be 59.4 mg.g-1. The concentration of the metal ion was detected with flame atomic adsorption spectrometry.The prepared ion imprinted sorbent showed high adsorption capacity, significant selectivity, good site accessibility and fast binding kinetics for Ni(II) ion. Scatchard analysis revealed that the homogeneous binding sites were formed in the polymers. The equilibrium adsorption data of Ni (II) on synthetic polymer were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models. The method was successfully applied for determination of Ni(II) ions in environmental water sample.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_5949_c7dd2b344f1e857e1c0604b202d9aab4.pdf
2012-09-01
35
44
10.30492/ijcce.2012.5949
Solid phase extraction
Ion imprinted polymers
Poly(aniline-formaldehyde)
Nickel
Homayon
Ahmad Panahi
h.ahmadpanahi@iauctb.ac.ir
1
Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Marjaneh
Samadi Zadeh
2
Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Simin
Tavangari
3
Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Elham
Moniri
4
Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Varamin (Pishva) Branch, Varamin, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Jahanbakhsh
Ghassemi
5
Department of Chemistry, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
1] Azevedo Lemos V., Gonçalves da Silva D., Lago de Carvalho A., de Andrade Santana D., Dos Santos Novaes G., Souza dos Passos A., Synthesis of Amberlite XAD-2-PC Resin for Preconcentration and Determination of Trace Elements in Food Samples by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Microchem. J., 84, p. 14 (2006).
1
[2] Camel V., Solid Phase Extraction of Trace Elements, Spectrochim. Acta Part B, 58, p. 1177 (2003).
2
[3] Ivanov A.E., Eccles J., Ahmad Panahi H., Kumar A., Kuzimenkova M.V., Nilsson L., Bergenståhl B., Long N., Phillips G.J., Mikhalovsky S.V., Galaev I.Y., Mattiasson B., Boronate-Containing Polymer Brushes: Characterization, Interaction with Saccharides and Mammalian Cancer Cells, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A, 88 (1), p. 213 (2009).
3
[4] Ahmad Panahi H., Morshedian J., Mehmandost N., Moniri E., Galaev I.Y., Grafting of Poly[1-
4
(N,N-bis-Carboxymethyl)Amino -3- Allylglycerol- Odimethylacrylamide] Copolymer onto Siliceous Support for Preconcentration and Determination of Lead (II) in Human Plasma and Environmental Samples, J. Chromatogr. A, 1217, 5165 (2010).
5
[5] Ahmad Panahi H., Sid Kalal H., Moniri E., Nikpour Nezhati M., Taheri Menderjani M., Ranjbar Kelahrodi S., Mahmoudi F., Amberlite XAD-4 Functionalized with m-Phenylendiamine: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications as Extractant for Preconcentration and Determination of Rhodium (III) in Water Samples by Inductive Couple Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES), Microchem. J. 93, p. 49 (2009).
6
[6] Hashemi-Moghaddam H., Ahmad Panahi H., Nikpour Nezhati M., Synthesis and Application of New Resin Functionalized by Brilliant Green for Spectrophotometric Determination of Mercury in Environmental Samples, Anal. Lett., 42, p. 1 (2009).
7
[7] FeizBakhsh A., Ahmad Panahi H., Nikpour Nezhati M., Amrollahi M., Mahmoudi F., Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of m-Phenylendiamine- Modified Amberlite XAD-4 Resin for Preconcentration and Determination of Metal Ions in Water Samples, Water Environ. Res., 81(5), p. 532 (2009).
8
[8] Saito K., TaninakaI., Yamamoto Y., Murakami S., Muromatsu A., Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Platinum(II) with Cyclic Tetrathioethers, Talanta,51, p. 913 (2000).
9
[9] Alguacil F.J., Adeva P., Alonso M., Processing of Residual Gold (III) Solutions via Ion Exchange, Gold Bull, 38, p. 9 (2005).
10
[10] Prasad K., Gopikrishna P., Kala R., Rao T.P., Naidu G.R.K., Solid Phase Extraction vis-`a-vis Coprecipitation Preconcentration of Cadmium and Lead from Soils onto 5,7-Dibromoquinoline-8-ol Embedded Benzophenone and Determination by FAAS, Talanta, 69,p. 938 (2006).
11
[11] Kagaya S., Sagisaka T., Miwa S., Morioka K., Hasegawa K., Rapid Coprecipitation Technique with Hybrid Hydroxide System Using Rapid Coprecipitation for Simultaneous Concentration Ytterbium (III), Gallium (III), and Magnesium (II) Prior to Their Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometric Determination, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 79(5), p. 717 (2006).
12
[12] Karatepe A.U., Soylak M., Elci L., Separation/ Preconcentration of Cu(II), Fe(III), Pb(II), Co(II) and Cr(III) in Aqueous Samples on Cellulose Nitrate Membrane Filter and Their Determination by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Anal. Lett., 35, p. 1561 (2002).
13
[13] Sombra L., Luconi M., Silva M.F., Olsina R.A., Fernandez L., Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Aluminium Content in Parenteral Solutions by Combined Cloud Point Preconcentration-Flow Injection Analysis, The Analyst, 126(7), p. 1172 (2001).
14
[14] Zhang Y., Luo W.H., Li H., Determination of Trace Cobalt in Water Samples by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Cloud Ppoint, Spectrosc. Spect. Anal., 25, p. 576 (2005).
15
[15] Nilforoushan M.R., Otroj S., Absorption of Lead Ions by Various Types of Steel Slag, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng., 27(3),p. 69 (2008).
16
[16] Ghazy Sh. E., Ragab A.H., Removal of Lead Ions from Aqueous Solution by Sorptive-Flotation Using Limestone and Oleic Acid, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng., 26(4), p. 83 (2007).
17
[17] Albino Kumar P., Ray M., Chakraborty S., Hexavalent Chromium Removal from Wastewater using Aniline Formaldehyde Condensate Coated Silica Gel, J. Hazard. Mater.,143, p. 24 (2007).
18
[18] Abe M., Ohtani A., Umemoto Y., Akizuki S.M., Higuchi H., Nakamoto K., Okuno A., Noda Y., Soluble and High Molecular Weight Polyaniline, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 2, p. 1736 (1989).
19
[19] Liu G., Freund M.S., New Approach for the Controlled Cross-Linking of Polyaniline: Synthesis and Characterization, Macromol., 30, p. 5660 (1997).
20
[20] Langmuir L., The Adsorption of Gases on Plane Surfaces of Glass Mica and Platinum, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 40, p. 1361 (1918).
21
[21] Hall K.L., Eagleton L.C., Acrivos A., Vermeulen T., Pore and Solid-Diffusion Kinetics in Fixed Bed Adsorption Under Constant Pattern Conditions, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 5, p. 212 (1966).
22
[22] Frendlich H.M.A., Concerning Adsorption in Solutions, J. Phys. Chem., 57, p. 385 (1906).
23
[23] Ohta K., Ishida K., Itoh S., Kaneco S., Mizuno T.,Determination of Nickel in Water by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Preconcentration on a Tungsten Foil, Mikrochim. Acta, 129, p. 127 (1998).
24
[24] Tokman N., Akman S., Bakircioglu Y., Preconcentration of Nickel and Cobalt Prior to Their Determination by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Using the Water-Soluble Polymer Poly(Vinyl Pyrrolidinone), Mikrochim. Acta, 146, p. 31 (2004).
25
[25] Taher M.A., Balani S.,Trace Amounts of Nickel After Preconcentration with [1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-Naphthol]-Naphthalene Adsorbent or after Adsorption of its Complex on Microcrystalline Naphthalene, J. Anal. Chem., 55(10), p. 972 (2000).
26
[26] Gordeeva V.P., Statkus M.A., Sorokina N.M., Tsizin G.I., Zolotov Y.A., X-Ray Fluorescence Determination of Heavy Metals in Solutionsafter the Preconcentration of Their Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate Complexes on Cellulose Filters, J. Anal. Chem., 57(8), p. 701 (2002).
27
[27] Matsumiya H., Iki N., Miyano S., Hiraide M., Preconcentration of Copper, Cadmium, and Lead with a Thiacalix[4]Arenetetrasulfonate-Loaded Sephadex A-25 Anion-Exchanger for Graphite-Furnace Atomic-Absorption Spectrometry, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 379, p. 867 (2004).
28
[28] Shemirani F., AbkenarS.D., Preconcentration and Determination of Trace Nickel Using 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-Naphtol (PAN) Immobilized on Surfactant-Coated Alumina, J. Anal.Chem., 59(4),
29
p. 327 (2004).
30
[29] Sabarudin A., Noguchi O., Oshima M., Higuchi K., Motomizu S., Application of Chitosan Functionalized with 3,4-Dihydroxy Benzoic Acid Moiety for On-Line Preconcentration and Determination of Trace Elements in Water Samples, Mikrochim. Acta, 159, p. 341 (2007).
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Removal of Lead (II) from Aqueous Solution Using Cocopeat: An Investigation on the Isotherm and Kinetic
The aim of the present work was to investigate the ability of Cocopeat to remove of lead (II) from aqueous solutions. The effects of different parameters such as particle size, adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time, agitation speed and concentration on the removal process has been investigated. The maximum removal of lead ion (92.5%) took place in the pH range of 4 contact time in 30 minutes and initial concentration of 30 mg.L-1. Results indicated that the Langmuir model gave a better fit to the experimental data in comparison with the Freundlich equation. The process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_5950_008bd3ee80396123299e9f929ecbc067.pdf
2012-09-01
45
50
10.30492/ijcce.2012.5950
Removal
Cocopeat
Isotherms
Kinetics
Abollfazl
Shakeri
1
Department of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, PO Box 98135-674 Zahedan, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Nourallah
Hazeri,
2
Department of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, PO Box 98135-674 Zahedan, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Jafar
Valizadeh
3
Department of Biology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Esmail
Hashemi
4
Department of Chemistry, University of Gillan, Rasht, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Ali Reza
Motavalizadeh Kakhky
5
Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabour Branch , Neyshabour, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] GhodbaneI., Nouri L., Hamdaoui L., Chiha M., Kinetic and Equilibrium Study for the Sorption of Cadmium (II) Ions from Aqueous Phase by Eucalyptus Bark, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 152, p. 148 (2008).
1
[2] Usun H., Bayhan Y.K., Cakici A., Algur O.F., Biosorption of Lead (II) from Aqueous Solution by Cone Biomass of Pinus Sylvestris, Desalinasion, 154, p. 233 (2003).
2
[3] Sekar M., Sakthi V., Rengaraj S., Kinetic and Isotherm Adsorption Study of Lead (II) Onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Coconut Shell, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 279, p. 307 (2004).
3
[4] King P., Rakesh N., Beenalahari S., Kumer Y.P., Prasad V.S.R.K., Removal of Lead from Aqueous Solution using Sysigum cumini L.: Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies, Journal of Hazardous Materials. 142, p. 340 (2007).
4
[5] Erenturk S., Malkuc E., Removal of Lead (II) by Adsorption Onto Viscum Album L,: Effect of Temperature and Equilibrium Isotherm Analyses, Appl. Surf. Sci, 253, p. 4727 (2007).
5
[6] Awang Y., Shaharom A.S., Mohamad R.B., Slamat., Chemical and Physical Characteristics of Cocopeat-Based Media Mixtures and Their Effects on the Growth and Development Celosia Cristata, Americ. J. Agric. Biolog. Sci. 5, p. 70 (2010).
6
[7] Chakravarty P., Sarma N.S., Sarma H.P., Removal of Lead (II) from Aqueous Solution using Heartwood of Areca Catechu Powder, Desalination, 256, p. 16 (2010).
7
[8] Benhima H., Chiban M., Sinan F., Seta P., Persin M., Removal of Lead and Cadmium from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption Onto Micro-Particles of Dry Plants, Colloids and Surfaces B, 61, p. 10 (2008).
8
[9] Anwar J., ShafiqueU., Salman M., Zaman W., Mamoona M., Adsorption Study of Cadmium (II) and Lead (II) on Radish Peels, Journal of Scientific Research, xxxix, p. 29 (2009).
9
[10] Mall D.I., Srivastava V.C., Agarwal N.K., Removal of Orange-G and Methyl Violet Dyes by Adsorption Onto Bagasse Fly Ask-Kinetic Study and Equilibrium Isotherm Analyses, Dyes and Pigments, 69, p. 210 (2006).
10
[11] Bulut Y., Baysal Z., Removal of Pb (II) from Wastewater Using Wheat Bran, Journal of Environmental Management, 78, p. 107 (2006).
11
[12] Qaiser S., Saleemi A.R., Umar M., Biosorption of Lead (II) and Chromium (VI) on Groundnut Hull: Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamics Study, Electronic Journal of Biotechnology. 12, p. 1 (2009).
12
[13] Bhattacharrya, K.G. and Sharma, A., Adsorption of Pb(II) from Aqueous Solution by Azadirakhta indica (Neem) Leaf Powder, Journal of Hazardous Materials. B113, p. 97 (2004).
13
[14] Ekop A.S., Eddy N.O., Adsorption of Pb2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+ from Aqueous Solution by Helix Aspera Shell, E- Journal of Chemistry, 6, p. 1029 (2009).
14
[15] Kalyani G., Rau G.B., Saradhi B.V. Kumar P., Equilibrium and Kinetic Study on Biosorption of Zinc onto Galus Domesticus Shell Powder. ARPN Journal of Engineering and applied Sciences. 4, p. 39 (2009).
15
[16] Bektac, Kara, S., Removal of Lead from Aqueous Solution by Natural Clinoptilolite: Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies, Separation and Purification Technology, 39, p. 189 (2004).
16
[17] Ozcan, A.S., Tunali, S., Akar, T. and Ozcan, A., Biosorption of lead (II) Ions onto Waste Biomass of Phaseolus Vulgaris L. Estimation of the Equilibrium, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Parameters, Desalination, 244, p. 188 (2009).
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determination of Protein and Moisture in Fishmeal by Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy and Multivariate Regression Based on Partial Least Squares
The potential of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) as a fast method to predict the Crude Protein (CP) and Moisture (M) content in fishmeal by scanning spectra between 1000 and 2500 nm using multivariate regression technique based on Partial Least Squares (PLS) was evaluated. The coefficient of determination in calibration (R2C) and Standard Error of Calibration (SEC) were 0.95 and 14.03 g / kg Dry Matter (DM) and 0.80 and 3.52 g / kg, for CP and M content, respectively. This study proved that the application of NIRS using PLS is well fitted to evaluate the protein and moisture content of fishmeal.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_5952_c5c2c962ceefc45fb7024b08ab6dcfc8.pdf
2012-09-01
51
59
10.30492/ijcce.2012.5952
Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS)
Protein
moisture
partial least squares
Fishmeal
Saeed
Masoum
masoum@kashanu.ac.ir
1
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali Reza
Alishahi
2
Department of Fisheries and Environmental Science, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Hamid
Farahmand
3
Department of Fisheries and Environmental Science, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Maryam
Shekarchi
4
Laboratory of Food and Drug, Sanitary Ministry of Iran, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Nuria
Prieto
5
Estación Agrícola Experimental. CSIC. Finca Marzanas, 24346 Grulleros, León, SPAIN
AUTHOR
[1] Allan G.L., Parkinson S., Booth M.A., Stone D.A.J., Rowland S.J., Frances J., Warner-Smith R., Replacement of Fish Meal in Diets for Australian Silver Perch, Bidyanus: I. Digestibility of Alternative Ingredients, Aquaculture, 186, p. 293 (2000).
1
[2] Hardy R.W., Worldwide Fishmeal Production Outlook and the Use of Alternative Protein Meals for Aquaculture, in “Avances en Nutrición Acuícola VIII”, Ed. by Suarez L.E.C., Marie D.R., Salaza M.T., Lopez M.G.N., Cavazos D.A.V., Cruz A.C.P., Ortega A.G., "VIII; Simposium Internacional de Nutrición Acuícola. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León", Monterrey, Nuevo León, México, (2006).
2
[3] Tacon G. J., Dominy W. G., Overview of World Aquaculture and Aquafeed Production, in Book of Abstracts “World Aquaculture Society”, Rouge B., LA, Sydney, Australia, (1999).
3
[4] Cozzolino D., Chree A., Murray I., Scaife J.R., The Assessment of the Chemical Composition of Fishmeal by Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy, Aquacult. Nutr., 8, p. 149 (2002).
4
[5] Kok T.N., Park J.W., Extending the Shelf Life of Set Fish Ball, J. Food Quality, 30, p. 1 (2007).
5
[6] Uddin M., Okazaki E., Fukushima H., Turza S., Yuniko Y., Fukuda Y., Nondestructive Determination of Water and Protein in Surimi by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, Food Chem. 96, p. 491 (2006).
6
[7] Osborne B.G., Fearn T., Hindle P.H., “Practical Spectroscopy with Application in Food and Beverage Analysis”, Longman Scientific and Technical:London, (1993).
7
[8] González-Martin I.G., Álvarez-García N.A., Hernández-Andaluz J.L.H., Instantaneous Determination of Crude Proteins, Fat and Fibre in Animal Feeds Using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy Technology and a Remote Reflectance Fibre-Optic Probe, Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 128, p. 165 (2006).
8
[9] Lin M., Cavinato A.G., Huang Y., Rasco B.A., Predicting Sodium Chloride Content in Commercial King (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) and Chum (O. Keta) Hot Smoked Salmon Fillet Portions by Short-Wavelength Near-Infrared (SW-NIR) Spectroscopy, Food Research International, 36, p. 761 (2003).
9
[10] Xiccato G., Trocino A., Tulli F., Tibaldi E., Prediction of Chemical Composition and Origin Identification of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax L.) by Near infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS), Food Chem., 86, p. 275 (2004).
10
[11] Sivakesava S., Irudayaraj J., Rapid Determination of Tetracycline in Milk by FT-MIR and FT-NIR Spectroscopy, J. Dairy Sci., 85, p. 487 (2002).
11
[12] Alomar D., Gallo C., Castaneda M., Fuchslocher R.,. Chemical and Discriminant Analysis of Bovine Meat by Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS), Meat Sci., 63, p. 441 (2003).
12
[13] Prieto N., Andrés S., Giráldez F.J., Mantecón A.R., Lavín P., Potential Use of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) for the Estimation of Chemical Composition of oxen Meat Samples, Meat Sci., 74, p. 487 (2006).
13
[14] Uddin M., Okasoki E., Classification of Fresh and Frozen Thawed Fish by Near Infrared Spectroscopy, J. Food Sci., 69, p. 665 (2004).
14
[15] Cozzolino D., Chree A.J., Scaife R., MurrayI., Usefulness of Near-Infrared Reflectance (NIR) Spectroscopy and Chemometrics To Discriminate Fishmeal Batches Made with Different Fish Species, J. Agr. Food Chem., 53, p. 4459 (2005).
15
[16] Downey G., Hildrum K.I., Analysis of Meat, in “Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Agriculture Agronomy”, Ed. by Roberts C.A., Workman J., Reeves J.B., American Society of Agronomy Inc., Crop Science Society of America Inc., Soil Science Society of America Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA, (2004).
16
[17] AOAC; Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemist, 18th ed. AOAC International,Gaithersburg,MD, (2006).
17
[18] Williams P.C., Norris K., “Near-Infrared Technology in the Agricultural and Food Industries”, 2nd ed., American Association of Cereal Chemists Inc.:New York, (2001).
18
[19] Barnes R.J., Dhanoa M.S., Lister S.J., Standard Normal Variate Transformation and De-Trending of Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectra, Appl. Spectrosc., 43, p. 772 (1989).
19
[20] Dhanoa M.S., Lister S.J., Sanderson R., Barnes R.J., The Link Between Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC) and Standard NormalVariate (SNV) Transformations of NIR Spectra, J. Near Infrared Spectrosc., 2, p. 43 (1994).
20
[21] Shenk J.S., Westerhaus M.O., Workman J.J., Application of NIR Spectroscopy to Agricultural Products, in “Handbook of Near Infrared Analysis, Practical Spectroscopy Series”, Ed by Burns D.A., Ciurczak E.W., Marcel Dekker, New York, USA, (1992).
21
[22] Shenk J.S., Weterhaus M.O.,. The Application of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) to Forage Analysis, in “Forage Quality, Evaluation and Utilization”, Ed by Fahey G.C., Mosser L.E., Mertens D.R., Collins M., American Society of Agronomy Inc., Crop Science Society of America Inc., Soil Science Society of America Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA, (1994).
22
[23] Westerhaus M., Workman J.J., Reeves J.B., Mark H., Quantitative analysis, in “Near-infrared Spectroscopy in Agriculture”, Ed by Roberts C.A., Workman J., Reeves J.B., American Society of Agronomy Inc., Madison, USA, (2004).
23
[24] Bro R., van den Berg F., Thybo A., Andersen C.M., Jørgensen B.M., Andersen H., Multivariate Analysis as a Tool in Advanced Quality Monitoring in the Food Production Chain, Trends Food Sci. Technol., 13, p. 235 (2002).
24
[25] Williams P.C., Sobering D.C., Comparison of Commercial Near Infrared Transmittance and Reflectance Instruments for Analysis of Whole Grains and Seeds, J. Near Infrared Spectrosc., 1, p. 25 (1993).
25
[26] Williams P.C., "Near Infrared Technology. Getting the Best out of the Light-A Short Course in the Practical Implementation of Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Users", PDK Grain, Nanaimo, Canada, (2004).
26
[27] Murray I., The NIR Spectra of Homologous Series of Organic Compounds, in “Proceedings International NIR/NIT Conference”, Ed by Hollo J., Kaffka K.J., Gonczy J.L., Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, Hungary, (1986).
27
[28] Murray I., Williams P. C., Chemical Principles of Near-infrared Technology, in “Near Infrared Technology in the Agricultural and Food Industries”, Ed by Williams P.C., Norris K., American Association of Cereal Chemists, Minnesota, USA, (1987).
28
[29] Büning-Pfaue B.H., Analysis of Water in Food by Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Food Chem., 82, p. 107 (2003).
29
[30] Cozzolino D., Lin L., Cynkar WU., Dambergs R.G., Janik L., Colby C.B.,Gishen M., Effect of Temperature Variation on the Visible and Near Infrared Spectra of Wine and the Consequences on the Partial Least Square Calibrations Developed to Measure Chemical Composition, Anal. Chim. Acta, 588, p. 224 (2007).
30
[31] Osborne B.G., Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Food Analysis, “Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry”, 80, (2003).
31
[32] Cozzolino D., MurrayI., Chreeb A., Scaife J.R., Multivariate Determination of Free Fatty Acids and Moisture in Fish Oils by Partial Least-Squares Regression and Near Infrared Spectroscopy, LWT - Food Sci. Technol., 38, p. 821 (2005).
32
[33] Brull M., Folestad A., Sparen A., Rasmuoson A., Salomonsson J., Applying Spectral Peak Area Analysis in Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Moisture Assays, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 44, p. 127 (2007).
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Frequency Domain Model Simplification of Cumulative Mass Fraction in CMSMPR Crystallizer
In this contribution, linearized dynamic model of Cumulative Mass Fraction (CMF) of Potassium Nitrate-Water Seeded Continues Mixed Suspension Mixed Product Removal (CMSMPR) crystallizer is approximated by a simplified model in frequency domain. Frequency domain model simplification is performed heuristically using the frequency response of the derived linearized models data. However, the CMF frequency response of the original model is obtained versus three input variables encompass seeding mass flow rate, inlet liquid volumetric flow rate and jacket temperature with emphasis on minimum model simplification assumptions. Results show that the simplified CMF frequency response predicts system dynamics and covers all system characteristics as well as the main complex model.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_5953_969729540c37f51388f1857c4398ef66.pdf
2012-09-01
61
73
10.30492/ijcce.2012.5953
Cumulative Mass Fraction (CMF)
CMSMPR crystallizer
frequency response
Simplified model
Amir
Heidari
1
Chemical Engineering Department, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST) P.O. Box16846-13114 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Mansour
Shirvani
shirvani.iust@gmail.com
2
Chemical Engineering Department, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST) P.O. Box16846-13114 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] Chiu T., Christofides P.D., Nonlinear Control of Particulate Processes, AIChE J., 45, p. 1279, (1999).
1
[2] Ramanathan, S., “Control of Quasi Rational Distributed Systems with Examples on Control of Cumulative Mass Fraction of a Particle Size Distribution” Ph.D. Thesis, Michigan University, (1988).
2
[3] Christofides P.D., Li M., Mädler L., Control of Particulate Processes: Recent Results and Future Challenges, Powder Technol., 175, p. 1 (2007).
3
[4] Sherwin M.B., Shinnar R., Katz S., Dynamic Behavior of the Well-Mixed lsothermal Crystallizer, AIChE J., 13, p. 1141 (1967).
4
[5] Randolph A.D., Beckman J.R., Krajevich Z.I., Crystal Size Distribution Dynamics in a Classified Crystallizer Part I. Experimental and Theoretical Study of Cycling in a Potassium Chloride Crystallizer, AIChE J., 23, p. 500 (1977).
5
[6] Yin Q., Song Y., Wang J., Analyses of Stability and Dynamic Patterns of a Continuous Crystallizer with a Size-Dependent Crystal Growth Rate, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 42, p. 630, (2003).
6
[7] Motz S., Mitrović A., Gilles E.-D., Vollmer U., Raisch, J., Modeling, Simulation and Stabilizing H∞-Control of an Oscillating Continuous Crystallizer with Fines Dissolution, Chem. Eng. Sci., 58, p. 3473 (2003).
7
[8] Vollmer U., Raisch J., Population Balance Modelling and H∞ Controller Design for a Crystallization Process, Chem. Eng. Sci., 57, p. 4401, (2002)
8
[9] Lakatos B.G., Blickle T., Nonlinear Dynamics of Isothermal CMSMPR Crystallizer: A Simulation Study, Comput. Chem. Eng., 19, p. 501 (1995).
9
[10] Moldoványi N., Lakatos B.G., Szeifert F., Model Predictive Control of MSMPR Crystallizers, J.Cryst. Growth, 275, p. 1349 (2005).
10
[11] Shirvani M., Inagaki M., Shimizu T., Simplification Study on Dynamic Models of Distributed Parameter Systems, AIChE J., 41, p. 2658 (1995).
11
[12] Shirvani M., Doustary M.A., Shahbaz M., Eksiri Z., Heuristic Process Model Simplification in Frequency Response Domain, Int. J. Eng. Transaction B, 17, p. 19, (2004).
12
[13] Ramkrishna D., “Population Balances: Theory and Application to Particulate Systems in Engineering”, Academic Press, San Diego, USA, (2000).
13
[14] Mersmann A., “Crystallization Technology Handbook”, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, USA, (2001).
14
[15] Miller M.S., “Modelling and Quality Control Strategies for Batch Cooling Crystallizers” Ph.D. Thesis, Texas University at Austin, USA, (1993).
15
[16] Rojkowski Z., Initial Condition for Population Balance in an MSMPR Crystallizer, AIChE J., 36, p. 630 (1990).
16
[17] Gahn C., Mersmann A., Brittle Fracture in Crystallization Processes Part B: Growth of Fragments and Scale-up of Suspension Crystallizers, Chem. Eng. Sci., 54, p.1283 (1999).
17
[18] Gerstlauer A., Motz S., Mitrović A., Gilles E.-D., Development, Analysis and Validation of Population Models For Continuous and Batch Crystallizers, Chem. Eng. Sci., 57, p. 4311 (2002).
18
[19] Sun X., Tang H., Dai J., Retrieval of Particle Size Distribution in the Dependent Model Using the Moment Method, Opt. Express, 15, p. 11507 (2007).
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A New Approach for Monte Carlo Simulation of RAFT Polymerization
In this work, based on experimental observations and exact theoretical predictions, the kinetic scheme of RAFT polymerization is extended to a wider range of reactions such as irreversible intermediate radical terminations and reversible transfer reactions. The reactions which have been labeled as kinetic scheme are the more probable existing reactions as the theoretical point of view. The detailed kinetic scheme is applied to three kinds of RAFT polymerization system by utilizing the Monte Carlo simulation Method. To do this, a new approach of simulation method was used. In this approach, a multi-reaction step was used in each time step. Unknown kinetic rate constants have obtained by curve fitting of the simulation results and theoretical data, applying the least square method; or estimated by considering theoretical facts and experimental findings. The origin of the rate retardation and induction period has been understood by studying the main and pre-equilibrium stages of dithiobenzoate-mediated RAFT homo polymerization. A copolymerization system in the presence of RAFT agent has also been examined to confirm the capability of introduced simulation method in different monomer/RAFT agent systems. The simulation results were in excellent agreement with experimental data, which proves the validity and applicability of the Monte Carlo algorithm.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_5954_aecfec89224f9b289089dc424e52e1bd.pdf
2012-09-01
75
84
10.30492/ijcce.2012.5954
RAFT polymerization
Monte Carlo method
Mechanism
Kinetics
Pejman
Ganjeh-Anzabi
1
Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Vahid
Hadadi-Asl
haddadi@aut.ac.ir
2
Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mehd
Salami-Kaljahi
3
Department of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Tabriz, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Hossein
Roghani-Mamaqani
4
Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Chiefari J., Chong Y.K., Ercole F., Krstina J., Jeffery J., Le T.P.T., Mayadunne R.T.A., Meijs G.F., Moad C.L., Moad G., Rizzardo E., Thang S.H., Living Free-Radical Polymerization by Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer: The RAFT Process, Macromolecules, 31, p. 5559 (1998).
1
[2] Salami-Kalajahi M., Haddadi-Asl V., Ganjeh-Anzabi P., Najafi M., Dithioester-mediated RAFT Polymerization: A Kinetic Study by Mathematical Modelling, Iran Polym. J., 20, p. 459 (2011).
2
[3] Schilli C.M., Zhang M., Rizzardo E., Thang S.H., Chong Y.K., Edwards K., Karlsson G., Mueller A.H.E., A New Double-Responsive Block Copolymer Synthesized via RAFT Polymerization: Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-block-poly(acrylic acid), Macromolecules, 37, p. 7861 (2004).
3
[4] Sun X., Luo Y., Wang R., Li B., Liu B., Zhu S., Programmed Synthesis of Copolymer with Controlled Chain Composition Distribution via Semibatch RAFT Copolymerization, Macromolecules, 40, p. 849 (2007).
4
[5] Mayadunne R.T.A., Jeffery J., Moad G., Rizzardo E., Living Free Radical Polymerization with Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT Polymerization): Approaches to Star Polymers, Macromolecules, 36, p. 1505 (2003).
5
[6] Perrier S., Takolpuckdee P., Macromolecular Design via Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT)/Xanthates (MADIX) Polymerization, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 43, p. 5347 (2005).
6
[7] Feldermann A., Coote M. L., Stenzel M.H., Davis T.P., Barner-Kowollik C., Consistent Experimental and Theoretical Evidence for Long-Lived Intermediate Radicals in Living Free Radical Polymerization, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126, p. 15915 (2004).
7
[8] Buback M., Vana P., Mechanism of Dithiobenzoate-Mediated RAFT Polymerization: A Missing Reaction Step, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 27, p. 1299 (2006).
8
[9] McLeary J.B., Calitz F.M., McKenzie J.M., Tonge M.P., Sanderson R.D., Klumperman B., A 1H NMR Investigation of Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization Kinetics and Mechanisms. Initialization with Different Initiating and Leaving Groups, Macromolecules, 38, p. 3151 (2005).
9
[10] McLeary J.B., Calitz F.M., McKenzie J.M., Tonge M.P., Sanderson R.D., Klumperman B., Beyond Inhibition: A 1H NMR Investigation of the Early Kinetics of RAFT-Mediated Polymerization with the Same Initiating and Leaving Groups, Macromolecules, 37, p. 2383 (2004).
10
[11] Coote M.L., Izgorodina E.I., Krenske E.H., Busch M., Barner-Kowollik C., Quantum Chemical Mapping of Initialization Processes in RAFT Polymerization, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 27, p. 1015 (2006).
11
[12] Konkolewicz D., Hawkett B.S., Gray-Weale A., Perrier S., RAFT Polymerization Kinetics: Combination of Apparently Conflicting Models, Macromolecules, 41, p. 6400 (2008).
12
[13] Prescott S.W., Ballard M.J., Rizzardo E., Gilbert R.G., Rate Optimization in Controlled Radical Emulsion Polymerization Using RAFT, Macromol. Theory Simul., 15, p. 70 (2006).
13
[14] Wang A.R., Zhu S., Modeling the Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Transfer Polymerization Process, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 41, p. 1553 (2003).
14
[15] Tobita H., Yanase F., Monte Carlo Simulation of Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization in Emulsified Systems, Macromol. Theory Simul., 16, p. 476 (2007).
15
[16] Salami-Kalajahi M., Haddadi-Asl V., Najafi M., Ghafelebashi-Zarand S.M., Investigation of Ethylene Polymerization Kinetics over Ziegler-Natta Catalysts: Employing Moment Equation Modeling to Study the Effect of Different Active Centers on Homopolymerization Kinetics, E-polymers., 004, (2008).
16
[17] Kwak Y., Goto A., Tsujii Y., Murata Y., Komatsu K., Fukuda T., A Kinetic Study on the Rate Retardation in Radical Polymerization of Styrene with Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer, Macromolecules, 35, p. 3026 (2002).
17
[18] Salami-Kalajahi M., Najafi M., Haddadi-Asl V., Application of Monte Carlo Simulation Method to Polymerization Kinetics over Ziegler-Natta Catalysts, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 41, p. 45 (2009).
18
[19] Najafi M., Haddadi-Asl V., Salami-Kalajahi M., Roghani-Mamaqani H., Application of the Monte Carlo Simulation Method to the Investigation of the Effect of Chain-Length-Dependent Bimolecular Termination on ATRP, E-polymers, 030 (2009).
19
[20] Mahjub A., Salami-Kalajahi M., Haddadi-Asl V., Roghani-Mamaqani H., Monte Carlo Simulation of Photo-Initiated Bulk Polymerization of Furfuryl Methacrylate, Iran Polym. J., 20, p. 205 (2011).
20
[21] Najafi M., Roghani-Mamaqani H., Salami-Kalajahi M., Haddadi-Asl V., A Simulation of Kinetics and Chain Length Distribution of Styrene FRP and ATRP: Chain-Length-Dependent Termination, Adv. Polym. Tech., 30, p.257 (2011).
21
[22] Najafi M., Salami-Kalajahi M., Haddadi-Asl V., Quantitative Evaluation of Arrangement of Monomers in Linear Binary Copolymers Using a Monte CarloSimulation Method, Chinese J. Polym. Sci., 27, p. 195 (2009).
22
[23] Khubi-Arani Z., Salami-Kalajahi M., Najafi M., Roghani-Mamaqani H., Haddadi-Asl V., Ghafelebashi-Zarand S.M., Simulation of Styrene Free Radical Polymerization over Bi-Functional Initiators Using Monte Carlo Simulation Method and Comparison with Mono-Functional Initiators, Polym. Sci. Ser. B, 52, p. 184 (2010).
23
[24] Najafi M., Roghani-Mamaqani H., Salami-Kalajahi M., Haddadi-Asl V., A Comprehensive Monte CarloSimulation of Styrene Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization, Chinese J. Polym. Sci., 28, p. 483 (2010).
24
[25] Najafi M., Roghani-Mamaqani H., Salami-Kalajahi M., Haddadi-Asl V., An Exhaustive Study of Chain-Length-Dependent and Diffusion-Controlled Free Radical and Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization of Styrene, J. Polym. Res., 18, p. 1539 (2011).
25
[26] Barner-Kowollik C., Buback M., Charleux B., Coote M.L., Drache M., Fukuda T., Goto A., Klumperman B., Lowe A.B., McLeary J.B., Moad G., Monteiro M.J., Sanderson R.D., Tonge M.P., Vana P., Mechanism and Kinetics of Dithiobenzoate-Mediated RAFT Polymerization. I. The Current Situation, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 44, p. 5809 (2006).
26
[27] Kwak Y., Goto A., Fukuda T., Rate Retardation in Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization: Further Evidence for Cross-Termination Producing 3-Arm Star Chain, Macromolecules, 37, p. 1219 (2004).
27
[28] Feldermann A., Ah Toy A., Phan H., Stenzel M.H., Davis T.P., Barner-Kowollik C., Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer Copolymerization: Influence of the RAFT Process on the Copolymer Composition, Polymer, 45, p. 3997 (2004).
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Composition on Release of Aroma Compounds
The effect of oleic acid (5 and 10% v/v) and xanthan gum (0.5 and 1% wt) on partitioning and retention of ethyl acetate and diacetyl from two matrices with a different composition was investigated by applying static head space gas chromatography. Two matrices with different composition have been developed: one containing carbohydrates (xanthan gum) and in the second one, called complex matrix, lipid (oleic acid) was added. The roles of Xanthan Gum (XG) and lipid (oleic acid) on the retention of aroma compounds were pointed out. Changes in the composition of matrices exhibited a considerable effect on the air/liquid partition coefficient (Ka/l ) values at equilibrium. The kinetic study of the release from both matrices had shown a decrease of the initial rate of release (Ri) by reference with water. The rheological properties of all matrices were investigated and the flow behavior of all matrices was successfully modeled with power law and cross models. Power law model was found as the better model to describe the flow behavior of dispersions.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_5955_3897a78465213a1fdaf85e906984d0bf.pdf
2012-09-01
85
96
10.30492/ijcce.2012.5955
Aroma release
Complex matrix
xanthan gum
partition coefficient
Vahid
Samavati
1
Department of Food Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Zahra
Emam-Djomeh
emamj@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Food Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Ali
Mehdinia
3
Marine Living Science Department, Iranian National Center for Oceanography, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Mohammad Amin
Mohammadifar
4
Department of Food Science, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Seuvre A. M., Espinosa Diaz M.A., Voilley A., Retention of Aroma Compounds by b-Lactoglobulin in Different Conditions, Food Chemistry, 77,p. 421 (2001).
1
[2] Landy P., Rogacheva S., Lorient D., Voilley A., Thermodynamic and Kinetic Aspects of the Transport of Small Molecules in Dispersed Systems, Colloids and Surfaces B: Bio Interfaces, 12, p. 57 (1998).
2
[3] Bakker J., Flavour Interactions with the Food Matrix and Their Effects on Perception. In " Gaonkar A.G. (Ed.), Ingredients Interactions: Effects on Food Quality", Dekker, pp. 411-439,New York(1995).
3
[4] Secouard S., Malhiac C., Grisel M., Decroix B., Release of Limonene from Polysaccharide Matrices: Viscosity and Synergy Effect, Food Chemistry, 82, p. 227, (2003).
4
[5] Terta M., Blekas G., Paraskevopoulou A., Retention of Selected Aroma Compounds by Polysaccharide Solutions: A Thermodynamic and Kinetic Approach, Food Hydrocolloids, 20 (6), p. 863 (2006).
5
[6] Seuvre A.M., Philippe E., Rochard S., Voilley A., Retention of Aroma Compounds in Food matrices of Similar Rheological Behavior and Different Compositions, Food Chemistry, 96, p. 104 (2006).
6
[7] Seuvre A.M., Diaz M.A., Voilley A., Influence of the Food Matrix Structure on the Retention of Aroma Compounds, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48, p. 4296 (2000).
7
[8] Fisher N., Widder S., How Proteins Influence Food Favor, Food Technology, 51 (1), p. 68 (1997).
8
[9] Godshall M.A., How Carbohydrates Influence Food Flavour, Food Technology, 51 (1), p. 63 (1997).
9
[10] Guichard E., Interactions Between Flavour Compounds and Food Ingredients and Their Influence on flavour Perception< Food Review International, 18 (1), p. 49 (2002).
10
[11] Roberts D. D., Stephen Elmore J., Langley K., Bakker J., Effects of Sucrose, Guar Gum and Carboxymethyl Cellulose on the Release of Volatile Flavour Compounds Under Dynamic Conditions, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 44 (5), p. 1321 (1996).
11
[12] Karaiskou S., Blekas G., Paraskevopoulou A., Aroma Release from Gum Arabic or Egg yolk/Xanthan-Stabilized Oil-in-Water Emulsions, Food Research International, 41, p. 637 (2008).
12
[13] AndriotI., HarrisonM., Fournier N., Guichard E., Interactions Between Methyl Ketones and β-Lactoglobulin Sensory Analysis Head Space Analysis and Mathematical Model, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48 (9), p. 4246 (2000).
13
[14] Doyen K., Carey M., Linforth R.S.T., Marin M., TaylorA.J., Volatile Release from an Emulsion: Head Space and in-Mouth Studies, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49 (2), p. 804 (2001).
14
[15] Miettinen S.M., Tuorila H., Piironen V., Vehkalahti K., Hyvönen L., Effect of Emulsion Characteristics on the Release of Aroma as Detected by Sensory Evaluation, Static Head Space Gas Chromatography and Electronic Nose, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50 (15), p. 4232 (2002).
15
[16] Kinsella J.E., Flavour Perception and Binding to Food Components. In " Min D.B., Smouse T.H. (Eds.), Flavour Chemistry of Lipid Foods", pp.376-403,Champaign,IL: American Oil Chemists Society. (1989).
16
[17] Morris E.R., Organic Properties of Food Polysaccharides in Thickened Systems. In: "Yalpani M. (Ed.), Industrial Polysaccharides: Genetic Engineering, Structure/Property Relations and Applications", pp. 225-238,Amsterdam: Elsevier Science (1987).
17
[18] Decourcelle N., Lubbers S., Vallet N., Rondeau P., Guichard E., Effect of Thickeners and Sweeteners on the Release of Blended Aroma Compounds in Fat-Free Stirred Yoghurt During Shear Conditions, International Dairy Journal, 14, p. 783 (2004).
18
[19] Widder S., Fischer N., Measurement of the Influence of Food Ingredients on flavour Release by Headspace Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry. In: "Taylor A.J., Mottram D.S. (Eds.)", Flavour Science. Recent Developments, pp. 405-412, Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry (1996).
19
[20] Pawliszyn J., "Solid Phase Microextraction: Theory and Practice",New York: Wiley-VCH Inc. (1997).
20
[21] Samavati V., Emam-Djomeh Z., Mohammadifar M.A., Omid M., Mehdinia A., Influence of Tragacanth Gum Exudates from Specieof Astragalus gossypinus on Rheological and Physical Properties of Whey Protein Isolate Stabilized Emulsions, International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 46, p. 1636 (2011).
21
[22] Roberts D.D., Pollien P., Milo C., Solid-phase Micro Extraction Method Development for Head Space Analysis of Volatile Flavor Compounds, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48, p. 2430 (2000).
22
[23] Philippe E., Seuvre A,M., Colas B., Langendorff V., Schippa C., Voilley A., Behavior of Flavour Compounds in Model Food Systems: A Thermodynamic Study, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51, p. 1393 (2003).
23
[24] RosenbergM., Kopelman I.J., Talmon Y., Factors Affecting Retention in Spray-Drying Microencapsulation of Volatiles Materials, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 38 (5), p. 1288 (1990).
24
[25] Buttery R.G., Ling L.C., Guadagni D.G., Volatilities of Aldehydes, Ketones, and Esters in Dilute Water Solution, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 17 (2), 385 (1969).
25
[26] Bylaite E., Adler-Nissen J., Meyer A.S., Effect of Xanthan on Flavor Release From Thickened Viscous Food Model Systems, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53 (9), p. 3577 (2005).
26
[27] Yven C., Guichard E., Giboreau A., Roberts A.D., Assessment of Interactions Between Hydrocolloids and Flavours Compounds by Sensory, Head Space, and Binding Methodologies, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46, p. 1510 (1998).
27
[28] Kalviainen N., Roininen K., Tuorila H., Sensory Characterization of Texture and Flavour of High Viscosity Gels Made with Different Thickeners, Journal of Texture Studies, 31, p. 407 (2000).
28
[29] Darling D.F., Williams D., Yendle P., Physico-Chemical Interactions Involved in Aroma Transport Processes from Solution, In: " Birch G.G., Lindley M.G. (Eds.)", Interactions of Food Components, pp. 165-187, Elsevier, London, (1986).
29
[30] Guichard E., Issanchou S., Descourvrieres A., Etievant P., Pectin Concentration, Molecular Weight and Degree of Esterification: Influence on Volatile Composition and Sensory Characteristics of Strawberry Jams, Journal of Food Science, 56 (6), p. 1621 (1991).
30
[31] De Roos, K. B., How Lipids Influence Food Flavour, Food Technology, 51, p. 60 (1997).
31
[32] Malkki, Y., Heinio, R. L., and Autio, K., Influence of Oat Gum, Guar Gum and Carboxymethylcellulose on the Perception of Sweetness and Flavor, Food Hydrocolloids, 6(6), p. 525 (1990).
32
[33] Piraprez G., Herent M.F., Collin S., Flavour Retention by Lipids Measured in a Fresh Cheese Matrix, Food Chemistry, 61, p. 119 (1997).
33
[34] Seuvre A.M., Philippe E., Rochard S., Voilley A., Kinetic Study of the Release of Aroma Compounds in Ddidderent Model Food Systems, Food Research International, 40, p. 480 (2007).
34
[35] Hansson A., Leufven A., Pehrson K., Stenlof,B., Multivariate Analysis of the Influence of Pectin, White Syrup, and Citric Acid on Aroma Concentration in the Head Space Above Pectin Gels, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, p.3803 (2002).
35
[36] Guinard J.X., Wee C., McSunas A., Fritter D., Flavour Release from Salad Dressing Varying in Fat and Garlic flavour, Food Quality and Preference, 13, p. 129 (2002).
36
[37] Haahr A.M., Bredie W.L.P., Stahnke L.H., Jensen B., Refsgaard H.H.F., Flavour Release of Aldehydes and Diacetyl in Oil/in Water Systems, Food Chemistry, 71, p. 335 (2000).
37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Optimum Pressure Distribution in Design of Cryogenic NGL Recovery Processes
A type of novel hypercross-linked fiber adsorbent was obtained by sulfonation and cross-linking reaction of polypropylene fiber grafted styrene-divinylbenzene. The aim of the fiber sulfonation and cross-linking method was to prepare rigid three dimensional networks in the entire fiber and change the ion exchange capacity of fiber. The hypercross-linked fiber adsorbent possesses a principally different structure and could offer new possibility for adsorption, which is characterized by high adsorption capacity for aniline in this paper. A series of static adsorption tests were made. The results showed that the adsorbent has excellent adsorption capacity for aniline and the adsorption equilibrium data can be well fitted by Freundlich model. Adsorption of aniline on adsorbent was chemical adsorption and high temperature was favourable to endothermic chemisorption process. In addition, the kinetic studies were also carried out. The hypercross-linked fiber adsorbent showed faster adsorption rate than the base fiber. The quicker attainment of adsorption equilibrium (within 20 minutes) for aniline on adsorbent is advantageous for practical use. The pseudo-second-order rate model was suitable to describe the process. The pseudo-second-order model gave an excellent fit to all experimental data and adsorption capacities calculated by pseudo-second-order rate model were close to the values actually measured.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_5956_e0111ccb2b096330e7bb5a2f7291a503.pdf
2012-09-01
97
109
10.30492/ijcce.2012.5956
fibers
Aniline
Adsorption
Thermodynamics
Kinetics
Mehdi
Mehrpooya
mehrpoya@ut.ac.ir
1
Renewable Energies and Environmental Department, Faculty of New Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali
Vatani
2
School of Chemical Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O.Box: 11365-4563 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Sayed Mohammad Ali
Moosavian
3
School of Chemical Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O.Box: 11365-4563 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Hudson H.M., Wilkinson J. D., Lynch J.T., Pitman R.N., Pierce M.C., "Reducing Treating Requirements for Cryogenic NLG Recovery Plants, 80th Annual Convention of the Gas Processors Association", March 12, San Antonio, Texas(2001).
1
[2] Cuellar K.T., Wilkinson J. D., Hudson H.M., Pierce M.C., "Co-Producing LNG from Cryogenic NGL Recovery Plants, 81th Annual Convention of the Gas Processors Association", March 12,Dallas,Texas(2002).
2
[3] Shamekhi A.H., Khatibzadeh N., Shamekhi, A., A Comprehensive Comparative Investigation of Compressed Natural Gas as an Alternative Fuel in a Bi-Fuel Spark Ignition Engine., Iran J. Chem. Chem. Eng., 27(1), p.73 (2008).
3
[4] Ross F.P., Walther S.T, Cuellar K.T, New Integrated Liquids Recovery/Vaporization Method Maximizes Terminal Operator Options, Hydrocarbon Process., 1, 61-63 (2008).
4
[5] Finn A.J., Tomlinson T. R., Johnson G. L., Design Equipment Changes Make Possible High C3 Recovery, Oil. Gas. J., 3, p. 37 (2000).
5
[6] Mehrpooya M., Vatani A., Mousavian S.M.A., Optimum Design of Integrated Liquid Recovery Plants by Variable Population Size Genetic Algorithm, Canadian J. chem. Eng 88, p.1054 (2010).
6
[7] Mak J., Configurations and Methods for Improved NGL Recovery, United of States, Patent No. WO 03/040633 A1 (2001).
7
[8] Mak J., Configuration and Process for NGL Recovery Using a Subcooled Absorption Reflux Process, United of States, Patent No. WO 03/095913 A1 (2003).
8
[9] Mak J., Low Pressure NGL Plant Configurations, United of States, Patent No. US 2005/0255012 A1 (2005).
9
[10] Mehrpooya M., Vatani A., Moosavian S.MA., Introducing a New Parameter for Evaluating the Degree of Integration in Cryogenic Liquid Recovery Processes, Chem. Eng. Process., doi:10.1016/j.cep.2011.07.008.
10
[11] Shen D.M., Fernandes F., Simqes-Moreira J.R., Using Gas Pipeline Pressure to Liquefy Natural Gas or Generate Electricity, Hydrocarbon Process. 1, p.47 (2006).
11
[12] Diaz S., Serrani A., Bandoni A., Brignole E.A., A Study on the Capital and Operating Alternatives in an Ethane Extraction Plant, Comp. chem. Eng. 20, p. 1499 (1996).
12
[13] Jang W.H., Hahn J., Hall K.R., Genetic/Quadratic Search Algorithm for Plant Economic Optimizations Using a Process Simulator, Comp. Chem. Eng., 30, p. 285 (2005).
13
[14] Mehrpooya M., Gharagheizi F., Vatani A., An Optimization of Capital and Operating Alternatives in a NGL Recovery Unit, Chem. Eng. Technol., 29, p. 1469 (2006).
14
[15] Panjeshahi M.H., Tahouni N., Pressure Drop Optimisation in Debottlenecking of Heat Exchanger Networks, Energy, 33, p. 942 (2008).
15
[16] Kidnay A.J., Parrish W.R., "Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing", Taylor and Francis Group. Boca Raton London New York, p.245 (2006).
16
[17] GPSA. Section 16, "Hydrocarbon Recovery", 11th ed. Gas Processors Suppliers Association. SI Version, (1998).
17
[18] Heinz P., Soares C., "Turboexpanders and Process Applications", Boston, MA: Gulf Professional Publishing., ISBN: 0-88415-509-9. p.523, (2001).
18
[19] Mehrpooya M., Jarrahian A., Pishvaie M.R., Simulation and Exergy-Method Analysis of an Industrial Refrigeration Cycle Used in NGL Recovery Units, Int. J. Energy Res., 30, p. 1336 (2006).
19
[20] Mehrpooya M., Gharagheizi F., Vatani A., Thermoeconomic Analysis of a Large Industrial Propane Refrigeration Cycle Used in NGL Recovery Plant, Int. J. Energy Res., 33, p. 960 (2008).
20
[21] Natural Gas Information International Energy Agency (IEA, Head of Communication and Information Office, 9 rue de la F´ed´eration, 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France (2007).
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Combustion Modeling for Modern Direct Injection Diesel Engines
In order to comply with stringent pollutant emissions regulations, a detailed analysis of the engine combustion and emission is required. In this field, computational tools like CFD and engine cycle simulation play a fundamental role. Therefore, the goal of the present work is to simulate a high speed DI diesel engine and study the combustion and major diesel engine emissions with more details, by using the AVL-FIRE commercial CFD code. The predicted values of the in cylinder pressure, heat release rate, emissions, spray penetration and in-cylinder isothermal contour plots by this code are compared with the corresponding experimental data in the literature and is derived good agreement. This agreement makes the model a reliable tool that can use for exploring new engine concepts.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_5957_311cf03d8764559736b96002e553f788.pdf
2012-09-01
111
114
10.30492/ijcce.2012.5957
Diesel engine
Direct injection
CFD
Emission
combustion
HCCI
Samad
Jafarmadar
s.jafarmadar@urmia.ac.ir
1
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Urmia, Urmia, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alborz
Zehni
2
Engineering Faculty, University of Tabriz, Tabriz,, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Carsten B., "Mixture Formation in Internal Combustion Engines", Springer publications, (2006).
1
[2] Tatschi R., Gabrief H.P., Priesching P., Fire-a Generic CFD Platform for DI Diesel Engine Mixture Formation and Combustion Simulation, User’s Group Meeting at the SAE Congress march 4, (2001).
2
[3] Beatrice C., Belardini P., Bertoli C., Cameretti M.C., Del Giacomo N., An Assessment of Predictivity of CFD Computations of Combustion and Pollutants Formation in D.I. Diesel Engines, SAE Paper NO. 962055, (1996).
3
[4] Jung, D., N. Assanis, D., Multi-Zone DI Diesel Spray Combustion Model for Cycle Simulation Studies of Engine Performance and Emissions, SAE Paper NO. 2001-01-1246; (2001).
4
[5] Taklanti A., Delhaye B., Multi-Dimensional Modeling of the Aerodynamic and Combustion in Diesel Engines, Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Rev. IFP, 54(2), p. 271 (1999).
5
[6] McCracken M.E., Abraham J., Swirl-Spray Interactions in a Diesel Engine, SAE Paper NO. 2001-01-0996, (2001).
6
[7] Cantore G., Carlo A., Montorsi L., Paltrinieri F., “Analysis of HSDI diesel Engine Intake System by Means of Multi-Diemensional Numerical Simulations: Influence of Non Uniform EGR Distribution” ASME, NO. ICES2006-1359; (2006).
7
[8] Takeda Y., Niimura K., Characteristics of Diesel Combustion and Emissions with a Multi-injector System, SAE Paper NO. 952511, (1995).
8
[9] "FIRE Engine Simulation Environment User Manual", V. 8.5; (2006).
9
[10] "AVL FIRE User Manual", V. 8.5; (2006).
10
[11] Payri F., Benajes J., Margot X., Gil A., CFD Modeling of the in-Cylinder Flow in Direct-Injection Diesel Engines, Computers & Fluids, 33, p. 995 (2004).
11
[12] Liu A.B., Reitz R.D., Modeling the Effects of Drop Drag and Break-Up on Fuel Sprays, SAE Paper NO. 930072, (1993).
12
[13] Dukowicz J.K., Quasi-steady Droplet Change in the Presence of Convection, Informal ReportLos AlamosScientific Laboratory. LA7997-MS.
13
[14] Naber J.D., Reitz R.D., Modeling Engine Spray/Wall Impingement, SAE Paper NO. 880107, (1988).
14
[15] Halstead M., Kirsch L., Quinn C. The Auto Ignition of Hydrocarbon Fueled at High Temperatures and Pressures - Fitting of a Mathematical Model, Combustion Flame, 30, p. 45 (1977).
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Feasibility Study of Integrating Multi Effect Desalination and Gas Turbine Systems for Lavan Island Oil Refinery
In this research, feasibility study of integrating thermal desalination unit with Gas Turbine (GT) has been investigated using retrofit and grass root design techniques for Lavan Island Oil Refinery which is located in Persian Gulf. According to computed parameters on developed code for the power generation unit No.1 using EES (Engineering Equation Solver) software, thermal efficiency of the GT unit No.1 and thermal energy recovered by HRSG (Heat Recovery Steam Generator) are equal to 22.79% and 4847 kW, respectively. Therefore, it shows a considerable potential on heat recovery and motive steam production. Effect of variations on different quantitative and qualitative parameters has been reviewed on the next step of this research. Finally, effect of engineering and economical parameters has been compared based on the following scenarios: ● Integrating available Thermal Desalination Unit (TDU) with available steam boiler, ● Retrofitting available TDU with HRSG, ● Integrating GT unit No.1 with novel simulated TDU based of grass root design. As a result, based on economical model, which has been developed using GAMS (Generalized Algebraic Modelling System) software, the selected scenario is the third scenario
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_5958_5ae5701df1b70c7ad66dab07b4fb7e68.pdf
2012-09-01
115
124
10.30492/ijcce.2012.5958
Multi effect desalination
Gas turbine unit
Heat recovery steam generator
Dual-purpose system
Mahdi
Shakouri
mahdi.shakouri@ut.ac.ir
1
Young Researchers Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hossein
Ghadamian
2
Department of Energy Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Farzaneh
Mohammadpour Bagheri,
3
Department of Medical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
1] Wand Y., Lior N., Performance Analysis of Combined Humidified Gas Turbine Power Generation and METVC Desalination Systems - Part 1, Desalination, 196, p. 84 (2006).
1
[2] Shakouri M., Ghadamian H. , Sheikholeslami R., Optimal Model for Multi effect Desalination System Integrated with Gas Turbine, Desalination., 260, p. 254 (2010).
2
[3] Klein S.A., Alvarado F.L., “Engineering Equation Solver (EES) User Manual”, F-Chart Software,4406 Fox Bluff Rd,Middleton,WI53562, (1999).
3
[4] Rosenthal R.E., “GAMS A User's Guide”, GAMS Development Corporation,Washington,DC,USA, (2008).
4
[5] Alasfour F.N., Darwish M.A., Bin Amer A.O., Thermal Analysis of ME-TVC+MEE Desalination Systems, Desalination, 174, p. 39 (2005).
5
[6] El-Dessouky H.T., Ettouney H.M., “Fundamentals of Salt Water Desalination”, ELSEVIER, Amsterdam,Netherlands, (2002).
6
[7] El-Dessouky H.T., Ettouney H.M., Al-Juwayhel F., Multiple Effect Evaporation-Vapor Compression Desalination Procecesses, Trans IChemE, Part A, 78, p. 662 (2000).
7
[8] Choi Hyun-Sung, Lee Tae-Jin, Kim Yang-Gyn, Song Seok-Lyong, Performance Improvement of Multiple-Effect Distiller with Thermal Vapor Compression System by Exergy Analysis, Desalination, 182, p. 239 (2005).
8
[9] Alasfour F.N., Bin Amer A.O., The Feasibility of Integrating ME-TVC+MEE with Azzour South Power Plant: Economic Evaluation, Desalination, 197, p. 33 (2006).
9
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Numerical Solution of MHD Flow over a Nonlinear Porous Stretching Sheet
In this paper, the MagnetoHydroDynamic (MHD) boundary layer flow over a nonlinear porous stretching sheet is investigated by employing the Homotopy Perturbation Transform Method (HPTM) and the Pade´ approximation. The numerical solution of the governing non-linear problem is developed. Comparison of the present solution is made with the existing solution and excellent agreement is noted. Graphical results have been presented and discussed for the pertinent parameters. The results attained in this paper confirm the idea that HPTM is powerful mathematical tool and it can be applied to a large class of linear and nonlinear problems arising in different fields of science and engineering.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_5959_48cbc434cfdeba13f8c8bb333f0b1afc.pdf
2012-09-01
125
132
10.30492/ijcce.2012.5959
Homotopy perturbation transform method
MHD boundary layer equation
Nonlinear porous stretching sheet
Pade´approximants
Yasir
Khan
yasirmath@yahoo.com
1
Department of Mathematics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, CHINA
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.A
Abdou
2
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 EGYPT
AUTHOR
Naeem
Faraz
3
Modern Textile Institute, Donghua University, 1882 Yan’an Xilu Road, Shanghai 200051, CHINA
AUTHOR
Ahmet
Yildirim
4
Department of Mathematics, Science Faculty, Ege University, 35100 Bornova Izmir, TURKEY
AUTHOR
Q.
Wu,
5
Department of Mathematics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, CHINA
AUTHOR
[1] Sakiadis B.C., Boundary-Layer Behavior on Continuous Solid Surfaces, AIChE J., 7, p. 26 (1961).
1
[2] Sakiadis B.C., Boundary Layer Behaviour on Continuous Solid Surface II: Boundary Layer on a Continuous Flat Surface, AIChE. J., 7, p. 221 (1961).
2
[3] Chaim T.C., Hydromagnetic Flow Over a Surface Stretching with a Power Law Velocity, Int. J. Eng. Sci., 33, p. 429 (1995).
3
[4] Magyari J.E., Keller B., Exact Solutions for Self-Similar Boundary-Layer Flows Induced by Permeable Stretching Walls, Eur. J. Mech. B-Fluids, 19, p. 109 (2000).
4
[5] Ingham D.B.,PopI., "Transport Phenomena in Porous Media", Pergamon,Oxford, (2002).
5
[6] Nield D.A., Bejan A., "Convection in Porous Media", Springer,New York, (1999).
6
[7] Magyari E., Pop I., Keller B., New Analytical Solutions of Well-Known Boundary Value Problem in Fluid Mechanics, Fluid Dynamics Res., 33, p. 313 (2003).
7
[8] McCormack P.D., Crane L., "Physics of Fluid Dynamics",New York, Academic Press, (1973).
8
[9] Donald Ariel P., The Three-Dimensional Flow Past a Stretching Sheet and the Homotopy Perturbation Method, Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 54, p. 920 (2007).
9
[10] Donald Ariel P., Extended Homotopy Perturbation Method and Computation of Flow past a Stretching Sheet, Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 58, p. 2402 (2009).
10
[11] Ziabakhsh Z., Domairry G., Bararnia H., Babazadeh H., Analytical Solution of Flow and Diffusion of Chemically Reactive Species Over a Nonlinearly Stretching Sheet Immersed in a Porous Pedium, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 41, p. 22 (2010).
11
[12] Raftari B., Yildirim A., The Application of Homotopy Perturbation Method for MHD Flows of UCM Fluids Above Porous Stretching Sheets, Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 59, p. 3328 (2010).
12
[13] Wazwaz A.M., A Study on a Boundary- Layer Equation Arising in an Incompressible Fluid, Appl. Math. Comput., 87, p. 199 (1997).
13
[14] Wazwaz A.M., The Modified Decomposition Method and Pade´ Approximants for a Boundary Layer Equation in Unbounded Domain, Appl. Math. Comput., 177, p. 737 (2006).
14
[15] Xu L., He’s Homotopy Perturbation Method for a Boundary Layer Equation in Unbounded Domain, Comput. Math. Appl., 54, p. 1067 (2007).
15
[16] Noor M.A., Mohyud-Din S.T., Modified Variational Iteration for a Boundary Layer Problem in Unbounded Domain, International Journal of Nonlinear Science, 7, p. 426 (2009).
16
[17] He J.H., Some Asymptotic Methods for Strongly Nonlinear Equation, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B, 20, p. 1144 (2006).
17
[18] He J.H., A Simple Perturbation Approach to Blasius Equation, Appl. Math. Comput., 140, p. 217 (2003).
18
[19] Abbasbandy S., A Numerical Solution of Blasius Equation by Adomian’s Decomposition Method and Comparison with Homotopy Perturbation Method, Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 31, p. 257 (2007).
19
[20] Rashidi M.M., The Modified Differential Transorm Method for Solving MHD Boundary-Layer Equations, Computer Physics Communications, 180, p. 2210 (2009).
20
[21] Ganji D.D., Babazadeh H., Noori F., Pirouz M.M., Janipour M., An Application of Homotopy Perturbation Method for Non-linear Blasius Equation to Boundary Layer Flow over a Flat Plate, International Journal of Nonlinear Science, 7, p. 399 (2009).
21
[22] Fathizadeh M., Rashidi F., Boundary Layer Convective Heat Transfer with Pressure Gradient Using Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) over a Flat Plate, Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 42, p. 2413 (2009).
22
[23] Jalaal M., Nejad M.G., Jalili P., Esmaeilpour M., Bararnia H., Ghasemi E., Soleimani S., Ganji D.D., Moghimi S.M., Homotopy Perturbation Method for Motion of a Spherical Solid Particle in Plane Couette Fluid Flow,0 Computers and Mathematics with Applications, 61, p. 2267 (2011).
23
[24] Donald Ariel P., Homotopy Perturbation Method and the Natural Convection Flow of a Third Grade Fluid Through a Circular Tube, Nonlinear Science Letters A, 1, p. 43 (2010).
24
[25] Khan Y., Faraz N., Application of Modified Laplace Decomposition Method for Solving Boundary Layer Equation, Journal of King Saud University (Science), 23, p.115 (2011).
25
[26] Khan Y., Mohyud-Din S.T., Coupling of He's Polynomials and Laplace Transformation for MHD Viscous Flow Over a Stretching sheet, Int. J. Nonlin. Sci. Num. Simul., 11(12), p. 1103 (2010).
26
[27] Faraz N., Khan Y., Yildirim A., Analytical Approach to Two-Dimensional Viscous Flow with a Shrinking Sheet via Variational Iteration Algorithm-II, Journal of King Saud University-Science, 23, p. 77 (2011).
27
[28] Alomari A.K., Noorani M.S.M., Nazar R., Homotopy Solution for Flow of a Micropolar Fluid on a Continuous Moving Surface, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 66, p. 608 (2011).
28
[29] Alomari A.K., Hashim I., Analysis of Fully Developed Flow and Heat Transfer in a Vertical Channel with Prescribed Wall Heat Fluxes by the Homotopy Analysis Method, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 67, p. 805 (2011).
29
[30] Khan Y., Wu Q., Homotopy Perturbation Transform Method for Nonlinear Equations Using He’s Polynomials, Computers and Mathematics with Applications, 61, p. 1963 (2011).
30
[31] Hesameddini E., Latifzadeh H., Reconstruction of Variational Iteration Algorithm Using the Laplace Transform, Int. J. Nonlin. Sci. Num. Simul., 10, p. 1377 (2009).
31
[32] Khan Y., An Effective Modification of the Laplace Decomposition Method for Nonlinear Equations, Int. J. Nonlin. Sci. Num. Simul., 10, p. 1373 (2009).
32
[33] Khan Y., Faraz N., A new Approach to Differential Difference Equations, J. Adv. Res. Differ. Equ., 2, p. 1 (2010).
33
[34] Wazwaz A.M., The Combined Laplace Transform-Adomian Decomposition Method for Handling Nonlinear Volterra Integro-Differential Equations, Appl. Math. Comput., 216, p. 1304 (2010).
34
[35] He J.H., A Coupling Method of Homotopy Technique and Perturbation Technique for Nonlinear Problems, Int. J. Nonlinear Mech., 35, p. 37 (2000).
35
[36] Hesameddini E., Latifizadeh H., An Optimal Choice of Initial Solutions in the Homotopy Perturbation Method, Int. J. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul., 10, p. 1389 (2009).
36
[37] Ghorbani A., Beyond adomian’s Polynomials: He Polynomials, Chaos Solitons Fractals, 39, p. 1486 (2009).
37
[38] Wazwaz A.M., The Variational Iterative Method for Solving Two Forms of Blasius Equation on a Half-Infinite Domain, Appl. Math. Comput., 188, p. 485 (2007).
38
[39] Boyd J.P., Padé Approximant Algorithm for Solving Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equation Boundary Value Problems on an Unbounded Domain, Compt. Phy., 11, p. 299 (1997).
39
[40] Baker G.A., "Essentials of Padé Approximants", Academic Press, London, (1975).
40
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Fault-Tolerant Control of a Nonlinear Process with Input Constraints
A Fault-Tolerant Control (FTC) methodology has been presented for nonlinear processes being imposed by control input constraints. The proposed methodology uses a combination of Feedback Linearization and Model Predictive Control (FLMPC) schemes. The resulting constraints in the transformed process will be dependent on the actual evolving states, making their incorporation in the design context a non-trivial task. A feasible direction method has been integrated in the design procedure based on active set technique to resolve the challenging constraint–based FLMPC problem. The formulated FLMPC design method is utilized to develop a FTC scheme by providing a set of backup control configurations for a CSTR benchmark process. The successful performance of the proposed FTC methodology has been demonstrated via a category of common fault scenarios by exercising an arbitrary replacement of control configurations through a supervisor to maintain the CSTR operation at an unstable desired steady-state point.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_5960_71e7e3c4dcf14e76062c4f677d4dbd95.pdf
2012-09-01
133
144
10.30492/ijcce.2012.5960
model predictive control
Feedback linearization
Fault tolerant control
Constraints
Feasible direction method
Jamal
Gholami Ahangarani,
1
Electrical Engineering Department, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Karim
Salahshoor
salahshoor@put.ac.ir
2
Automation and Instrumentation Department, Petroleum University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Behzad
Moshiri
3
Electrical Engineering Department, University of Tehran, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
1] El-Farra N.H., Christofides P.D., Integrating Robustness, Optimality and Constraints in Control of Nonlinear Processes, Chemical Engineering Science, Elsevier, p. 1841, (2001).
1
[2] El-Farra N.H., Christofides P.D., Bounded Robust Control of Constrained Multivariable Nonlinear Processes, Chemical Engineering Science, Elsevier, p.3025, (2003).
2
[3] El-Farra N. H., Christofides P. D., Coordinating Feedback and Switching for Control of Hybrid nonlinear Processes, AIChE Journal, 49(8),( 2003).
3
[4] El-Farra N. H., Christofides P. D., Fault-Tolerant Control of Process Systems: Integrating Supervisory and Feedback Control Over Networks, In: "Proceedings of 5th International Symposium on Advanced Control of Chemical Processes", Hong Kong, P.R. China, p. 784, (2004).
4
[5] El-Farra N. H., Christofides P. D., Fault-Tolerant Control of Process Systems Using Communication Networks, AIChE Journal, 51(6), p. 1665,(ََ2005).
5
[6] Mhaskar P., Gani A., El-Farra N. H., Integrated Fault-Detection and Fault-Tolerant Control of Process Systems, AIChE Journal, 52(6), p. 2129 (2006).
6
[7] Slotine J.J., Li W., “Applied Nonlinear Control”, Prentice-Hall, Chapter 6, (1991).
7
[8] Qajar A., Bozorgmehry Boozarjomehry R., Optimal Control of Nonlinear Multivariable Systems, Iranian Journal Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 28(2) (2009).
8
[9] Isidori A., “Nonlinear control systems”, 2nd Edition, Springer,Berlin /New York (1995).
9
[10] Kurtz M.J., Henson M.A., Feedback Linearizing Control of Discrete-Time Nonlinear Systems with Input Constraints, International Journal Control, 70(4), p. 603 (1998).
10
[11] Camacho E.F., Bordons C., “Model Predictive Control”, 2ndEdition, Springer,Britain, Chapter 3, (2000).
11
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A New Comprehensive Sensor Network Design Methodology for Complex Nonlinear Process Plants
This paper presents an optimal integrated instrumentation sensor network design methodology for complex nonlinear chemical process plants using a Combinatorial Particle Swarm Optimiazation (CPSO) engine. No comprehensive sensor network design approach has been addressed yet in the literature to simultaneously incorporate cost, precision and reliability requirements for nonlinear plants. The presented approach attempts to accomplish this objective via enhancement of the estimation accuracy of the aimed instrumentation sensor network subject to desired cost, reliability and redundancy constraints. An Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF)-based data reconciliation algorithm has been developed to present evaluating measures through comparisions of the estimated and real variables in terms of Modified Root Mean Squared of Error (MRMSE), while CPSO maintains the provisions of the Network Fault Tolerence (NFT) including sensor netowrk reilability (R), strong and weak redundancy degrees (i.e., SRD and WRD). The developed CPSO engine searches in a diverse variety of possible sensor networks to adopt the most fitted one based on the imposed NFT and cost design constraints. The effective capabilities of the proposed design methodology has been illustrated in a simulated nonlinear Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) as a complex process plant benchmark.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_5961_7eb69e2ab2888824d196e586b34a8f0a.pdf
2012-09-01
145
156
10.30492/ijcce.2012.5961
Sensor network design
Unscneted kalman filter
CPSO
MRMSE
Reliability
Redundancy degree
Vahid
Mohammadnia
1
Department of Automation and Instrumentation, Petroleum University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
AUTHOR
Karim
Salahshoor
salahshoor@put.ac.ir
2
Department of Automation and Instrumentation, Petroleum University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] Vaclavek V., Loucka M., Selection of Measurements Necessary to Achieve Multicomponent Mass Balances in Chemical Plant, Chem. Eng. Sci., 31, p. 1199 (1976).
1
[2] Musulin E., Benqlilou C., Bagajewicz M.J., Puigjaner L., Instrumentation Design Based on Optimal Kalman Filtering, Journal of Process Control, 15, p. 629 (2005).
2
[3] Bagajewicz M., Cabrera E., New MILP Formulation for Instrumentation Network Design and Upgrade. AIChE J, 48, p. 2271 (2002).
3
[4] Ali Y., Narasimhan S., Sensor Network Design for Maximizing Reliability of Linear Processes, AIChE J, 39, p. 820 (1993).
4
[5] Ali Y., Narasimhan S., Redundant Sensor Network Design for Linear Processes, AIChE J, 41, p. 2237 (1995).
5
[6] Bhushan M., Rengaswamy R., Design of Sensor Network Based on the Signed Directed Graph of the Process for Efficient Fault Diagnosis, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, p. 999 (2000).
6
[7] Raghuraj R., Bhushan M., Rengaswamy R., Location of Sensors in Complex Chemical Plants Based on Fault Diagnostic Observability Criteria. AIChE J, 45 (2), p. 310 (1999).
7
[8] Bagajewicz M., Design and Retrofit of Sensor Networks in Process Plants, AIChE J, 3, p. 2300 (1997).
8
[9] Bagajewicz M., Sanchez M., Duality of Sensor Network Design Models for Parameter Estimation. AIChE J, 45, p. 661 (1999).
9
[10] Sen S., Narasimhan S., Deb K., Sensor Network Design of Linear Processes Using Genetic Algorithms, Comput. Chem. Eng, 22, p. 385 (1998).
10
[11] Bagajewicz M., Chmielewski D., Rengaswamy R., Integrated Process Sensor Network Design. Presented at: The Annual AIChE meeting.Austin,Texas (2004).
11
[12] Kotecha P.R., Bhushan M., Gudi R.D., Keshari M.K., A Duality Based Framework for Integrating Reliability and Precision for Sensor Network Design, Journal of Process Control, 18, p. 189 (2008).
12
[13] Staroswiecki M., Hoblosl G., Aitouche A., Sensor Network Design for Fault toLerant Estimation. Int. J. Adapt. Control Signal Process, 18, p. 55 (2004).
13
[14] Panjeshahi M.H., Hasan M., Ataei A., Gharaie M., Comprehensive Approach to an Optimum Design and Simulation Model of a Mechanical Draft Wet Cooling Tower., Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 29(1), p. 21 (2010).
14
[15] Razzaghi S., Kharrat R., Rashtchian D., Vossoughi Sh., Saraji S., Investigation of Auto Ignition Condition under Different Parameters, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 27(2), p. 92 (2008).
15
[16] Julier S.J., Uhlmann J.K., A New Extension of the Kalman Filter to Non-Linear Systems, in: "Proc. of AeroSense, The 11th Int. Symp.", A.D.S.S.C. (1997).
16
[17] Bhushan M., Rengaswamy R., Design of Sensor Location Based on Various Fault Diagnosis Observability and Reliability Criteria, Compt. Chem., Eng., , 24 (2000b).
17
[18] Jarboui B., Damak N., Siarry P., Rebai A., A Combinatorial Particle Swarm Optimization for Solving Multi-Mode Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problems, Applied Mathematics and Computation, 195(1), p. 299 (2008).
18