eng
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
2006-06-01
25
2
1
10
10.30492/ijcce.2006.7795
7795
UV-HPLC / APCI-MS Method for Separation and Identification of the Carotenoids Produced by Sporobolomyces ruberrimus H110
Sayed Hadi Razavi
1
Fabrice Blanchard
2
Ivan Marc
3
Department of Food Science & Engineering, Faculty of Biosystem Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. IRAN
Laboratoire des Science du Génie Chimique, U.P.R. 6811-C.N.R.S. / I.N.P.L., 13 rue du Bois de la Champelle, 54500 Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, FRANCE
Laboratoire des Science du Génie Chimique, U.P.R. 6811-C.N.R.S. / I.N.P.L., 13 rue du Bois de la Champelle, 54500 Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, FRANCE
An on-line UV-HPLC / APCI-MS (atmospheric pressure chemical ionization) tandem by a platinium C18 column with an isocratic solvent system after optimizing was applied to the separation and the identification of different carotenoids including astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, apocarotenoic ester, torularhodin and beta carotene. This method was used to identify particular carotenoids produced by newly isolated microorganism strain of Sporobolomyces ruberrimus H110 in our laboratory. The developed method allows to distinguish torularhodin and canthaxanthin, having the same molar mass but a different chemical structure. A detection limit of 9ng /ml for torularhodin observed. CV (%) for measurement of all carotenoid concentration was always below 3 %. Torularhodin and for a smaller part beta carotene were the two pigments identified in Sporobolmyces ruberrimus H110.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_7795_51f422bed76de1596da2022655c6e6ca.pdf
Torularhodin
Carotenoids
UV-HPLC / APCI-MS
Sporobolmyces ruberrimus H110
identification
eng
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
2006-06-01
25
2
11
23
10.30492/ijcce.2006.8075
8075
Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Stability Study of Styrene-based Ionomers I) Programmed Heating Experiments (10 oC/min to 500 oC)
Sayed Mohammad Taghi Sadeghi
sadeghit@sina.tums.ac.ir
1
School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box 14155-6145, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
Ionomers are generally described by copolymers having either acrylic or methacylic acid as one component and the other component is mostly either ethylene or styrene. The objective of this research was to study the thermal behaviour and stability of ionomers of styrene with some alkali metal acrylates. These materials have been synthesized by neutralization of the respective copolymer containing 40 mole percent acrylic acid with sodium and potassium hydroxides in acetone medium.The copolymer of styrene–acrylic acid was made by solution polymerization in methanol using 2,2’-azobisbutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator under nitrogen blanket at 60 oC. Copolymer composition was calculated from the monomer feed concentration. The ionomer samples were characterized using FTIR technique. Thermal behaviour of the ionomers has been studied under programmed heating in dynamic nitrogen atmosphere by using differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetry (TG) and in vacuo using thermal volatilization analysis (TVA) techniques supported by product analysis. The thermal behaviour of the sodium and potassium salts of styrene-acrylic acid copolymer is found to be rather similar. Infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and GC-MS techniques were used to examine the degradation products from TVA degradation. Quantitative measurements of the main product fractions under normal TVA conditions have been made. It is found that the main decomposition of the styrene-acrylic acid salts copolymers starts at about 350 oC and reaches maximum at 450 oC.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_8075_4b5bdfa29ef189c6b1e927c770b0de87.pdf
Thermal Volatilization Analysis(TVA)
Subambient TVA
Degradation products
thermal stability
Styrene-based ionomers
Onset & main decomposition temperatures
eng
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
2006-06-01
25
2
25
29
10.30492/ijcce.2006.8076
8076
Preparation and Characterization of WO3 Electrochromic Films Obtained by the Sol-Gel Process
Masoomeh Sharbatdaran
1
Abdoljavad Novinrooz
2
Hassan Noorkojouri
3
Material and Ion Beam Application Division, Nuclear Research Center, P. O. Box 31485-498, Karaj, I.R. IRAN
Material and Ion Beam Application Division, Nuclear Research Center, P. O. Box 31485-498, Karaj, I.R. IRAN
Material and Ion Beam Application Division, Nuclear Research Center, P. O. Box 31485-498, Karaj, I.R. IRAN
Tungsten trioxide (WO3) films have been coated on indium thin oxide (ITO) conductive glass substrate, using aqueous solution of peroxotungstic acid (PTA) by the sol-gel dip coating method. X-ray diffractometery (XRD) analysis confirmed monoclinic and triclinic structure for the film and powdered WO3 respectively. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) exhibited the structure of peroxotungstic acid. The SEM micrograph of annealed species revealed micro cracks due to decrease of density and contraction of layers. Energy- dispersive X-ray (EDX) study determined 1:3 ratios of oxygen and tungsten atoms in the prepared films at heat treatment temperature higher than 200ºC. The electrochromical behavior was investigated in 1M HCL solution employing cyclic voltammetry. It was found that WO3 films demonstrated good reversibility at 200 ºC.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_8076_50053b700efc92b4a0f853c38e12b0d5.pdf
Sol-gel
Tungsten oxide
Thin film
Electrochromic
Coating
eng
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
2006-06-01
25
2
31
38
10.30492/ijcce.2006.8077
8077
Characterization of Pure and Antimony Doped SnO2 Thin Films Prepared by the Sol-Gel Technique
Abdoljavad Novinrooz
novinrooz@yahoo.com
1
Parvin Sarabadani
2
Javad Garousi
3
Ion Beam Application Division, NRCAM, P.O. Box 31485 - 498, Karaj, I.R. IRAN
Ion Beam Application Division, NRCAM, P.O. Box 31485 - 498, Karaj, I.R. IRAN
Ion Beam Application Division, NRCAM, P.O. Box 31485 - 498, Karaj, I.R. IRAN
Pure and antimony doped SnO2 thin films have been prepared by the sol-gel dip coating technique on glass substrate using starting material SnCl2.2H2O as a host and SbCl3 as a dopant. Our experimental results revealed that, the quality of the coated films on the glass depends on process parameters. The effect of annealing temperature, dipping numbers and the dopant concentration on the structural and electrical properties were investigated. Duration of coating and dragging speed for each sample were 3 minutes and 90cm/min respectively. The films Characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD results showed the amorphous structure of deposited sample at 350°C. Beyond this temperature (350°C), the preferred plane with a random textured shifts to (101). By addition of 25g/lit antimony at 550°C, the preferred plane shifts to (200). The electrical properties were determined by four point probes technique. Addition of 25g/lit antimony at 550°C was reduced the resistivity of the SnO2 films to 0.94´10-4 (Wcm).
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_8077_f1d2666d4b86f2692d23ea0925932adf.pdf
Deposition process
Tin Oxide
Sol- gel
Dip coating
Electrical properties
structural properties
Antimony doped tin oxide
eng
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
2006-06-01
25
2
39
45
10.30492/ijcce.2006.8078
8078
The Use of a Selective Database Technique in Order to Recover the Spectra of a Series of Acrylic Paints by the Principle Component Analysis
Keivan Ansari
1
Sayed Hossein Amirshahi
hamirsha@aut.ac.ir
2
Siamak Moradian
moradian@aut.ac.ir
3
Department of Polymer and Color Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
Department of Polymer and Color Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
A procedure for an efficient recovering of reflectance spectra of Acrylic paint samples from CIE tristimulus color values is described. By fixing a certain criteria based on color difference value, the proposed technique preliminarily selects a series of suitable samples from a main dataset containing the reflectance values of a series of different Acrylic paint samples, based on the color specifications of given samples. In this way, a series of different databases could be formed around a particular sample. The well-known principal-components linear model was used to recover the spectral data from their corresponding color coordinates by using only 3 basis functions.The surface spectra of a set of 2802 samples are collected for the recovery of the reflectance values of Acrylic paint samples whose tristimulus values were known. The role of the value of color difference for selecting suitable samples is discussed. The recovered spectra achieved by this method show considerable improvements in terms of root mean squarer (RMS) error and goodness-fitting coefficient as well as color difference values under different illuminants as compared to the recovery from the main database.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_8078_b46474bdab78bf74d2b216d50a98a962.pdf
Reflectance
Acrylic paint
Principal Component Analysis
Spectral estimation
Tristimulus values
eng
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
2006-06-01
25
2
47
57
10.30492/ijcce.2006.8090
8090
Effect of Hydrochloric Acid on Leaching Behavior of Calcareous Phosphorites
Iqbal Zafar Zafar
1
Tariq Mahmood Ansari
drtariq2000@hotmail.com
2
Mohammad Ashraf
3
Mohammad Amin Abid
4
Department of Chemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, PAKISTAN
Department of Chemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, PAKISTAN
Department of Chemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, PAKISTAN
Department of Chemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, PAKISTAN
The bulk of the world's phosphate reserves is located in sedimentary horizons that contain appreciable amounts of carbonate. During beneficiation of phosphate rocks, huge amounts of oversize phosphate rocks are rejected from crushers. This reject also mostly contains low tricalcium phosphate and high carbonate content. In this study, experiments have been carried out to reduce/eliminate carbonate content by leaching the ground phosphate rock with dilute hydrochloric acid solution. Effects of hydrochloric acid concentration, reaction time, temperature and liquid/solid ratio (vol./wt. basis) on the process have been studied. Under the reaction conditions, some of the apatite may be dissolved to form soluble monocalcium phosphate during the selective leaching. However, by specifying the pH of the process the lime milk can be used to recover the dissolved apatite. It has been observed that upon treatment of the ground rock with dilute hydrochloric acid, the P2O5 percent can be raised up to the industrially acceptable level due to the selective reduction/elimination of calcium carbonate content of the sample, depending on the reaction conditions as well as nature and size of the raw phosphate particles used for analysis.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_8090_91c15d6af19d173be13075ae0b9eeb05.pdf
Carbonaceous phosphorites
Hydrochloric acid digestion
Carbonate leaching
eng
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
2006-06-01
25
2
59
66
10.30492/ijcce.2006.8091
8091
Desulfurization of Tabas Coals Using Chemical Reagents
Mohammad Reza Ehsani
ehsanimr@cc.iut.ac.ir
1
Chemical Engineering Department, Isfahan University of Technology, P. O. Box 84156, Isfahan, I.R. IRAN
Large reserves of coal in Tabas region of Iran are characterized by low ash and high caking index, suitable for use in metallurgy as coking coal. However, these coals cannot be gainfully utilized because of their high sulfur content. In this work, studies on desulfurization of Tabas coals were carried out in a batch reactor using various reagents. The most effective reagents, Fe2(SO4)3 , FeCl3 , NaOH, CH3OH, HNO3, and H2O2 , were used to remove sulfur and ash from Tabas coals under reasonable pressure and temperature. Results obtained from coal desulfurization experiments using these reagents are presented in this paper. It was found that ferric sulphate is one of the suitable chemical reagent for desulfurization of Tabas coal which could be used to remove most of the fine distributed pyritic sulfur content.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_8091_a1ffe3f0b5d6ec239c73b9c3105b3026.pdf
Desulfurization
Coal
Sulfur
Chemical reagents
Caustic
Nitric acid
Ferric sulphate
Ferric chloride
Hydrogen peroxide
Methanol
eng
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
1021-9986
2006-06-01
25
2
67
76
10.30492/ijcce.2006.8092
8092
Comparative Study of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Statistical Methods for Predicting the Performance of Ultrafiltration Process in the Milk Industry
Javad Sargolzaei
1
Naser Saghatoleslami
slami@um.ac.ir
2
Sayed Mohammad Mosavi
3
Mohammad Khoshnoodi
4
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, I.R. IRAN
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ferdowsi, Mashad, I.R. IRAN
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ferdowsi, Mashad, I.R. IRAN
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, I.R. IRAN
Milk ultrafiltration is a membrane process, which is highly complex innature. The cost effectiveness of the process depends heavily on the flux permeate and the total hydraulic resistance of the membrane. In this work, a comparative study for the prediction of the performance of milk ultrafiltration with ANN and statistical method has been carried out. The result reveals that both methods carry out the prediction with a high degree of accuracy. However, the statistical method, contrary to neural nets, is both costly and time consuming and the accuracy of the data are also in doubt, as the operating conditions are not consistent throughout each of the test runs. The result also reveals that there is a good agreement between the predicted fluxes permeates and the total resistances of this work with the actual values. The findings of this study also shows that the artificial neural nets technique can be applied as a powerful tool and a cost and time effective way in predicting and assessing the performance of milk ultrafiltration process.
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_8092_3e23d617a8613ad2cfc7553cd4fc9003.pdf
Milk ultrafiltration
Artificial neural networks
Statistical methods
permeate flux
Hydraulic resistances