On-Line Nonlinear Dynamic Data Reconciliation Using Extended Kalman Filtering: Application to a Distillation Column and a CSTR
Ali
Farzi
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, I.R. IRAN
author
Arjomand
Mehrabani-Zeinabad
Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111 Isfahan, I.R. IRAN
author
Ramin
Bozorgmehry Boozarjomehry
Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
text
article
2009
eng
Extended Kalman Filtering (EKF) is a nonlinear dynamic data reconciliation (NDDR) method. One of its main advantages is its suitability for on-line applications. This paper presents an on-line NDDR method using EKF. It is implemented for two case studies, temperature measurements of a distillation column and concentration measurements of a CSTR. In each time step, random numbers with zero mean and specified variance were added to simulated results by a random number generator. The generated data are transferred on-line to a developed data reconciliation software. The software performs NDDR on received data using EKF method. Comparison of data reconciliation results with simulated measurements and true values demonstrates a high reduction in measurement errors, while benefits high speed data reconciliation process.
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
1021-9986
28
v.
3
no.
2009
1
14
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6841_09e918c087540f60b39086839eb026a4.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30492/ijcce.2009.6841
Sensitivity Analysis of Cumulative Oil Production and Production Rate on Block Heights and Capillary Continuity for an Iranian Carbonated Fractured Reservoir
Zahra
Riazi
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
Fariborz
Rashidi
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
text
article
2009
eng
Block heights and capillary continuity between matrix blocks play paramount role in the sensitivity analysis and therefore the history matching of cumulative oil production and production rate of carbonated fractured reservoirs. In this study, the influence of these parameters upon cumulative production and recovery factor of an Iranian fractured reservoir were studied by the usage of a simulator. Results show that, changing the block heights greatly affect on the cumulative production as well as the recovery factor. Also sensitivity analysis reveals that, the variations in cumulative production and recovery factor happen in a limited range of block heights. The aforementioned ranges of block heights for the studied reservoir were twice the height and one tenth of the height of the block height used in the history matching during the reservoir simulation. For block heights shorter than the original one, the influence of capillary continuity is paramount by increasing the cumulative production as well as the recovery factor. However, as the block height increased and reached twice the height of the original height, the influence of capillary continuity decreased and the system behaved similar to the situation where the block height was doubled without taking capillary continuity into consideration.
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
1021-9986
28
v.
3
no.
2009
15
23
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6843_5328ae0f7068b3493bbd7a242176ef9f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30492/ijcce.2009.6843
Mathematical Modeling of Single and Multi-Component Adsorption Fixed Beds to Rigorously Predict the Mass Transfer Zone and Breakthrough Curves
Mohsen
Siahpoosh
School of Chemical Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran,
P.O.Box 11365-4563, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
Shohreh
Fatemi
School of Chemical Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran,
P.O.Box 11365-4563, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
Ali
Vatani
School of Chemical Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran,
P.O.Box 11365-4563, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
text
article
2009
eng
The aim of the present work is to prepare an adsorption package to simulate adsorption / desorption operation for both single and multi-component systems in an isothermal condition by different mechanisms such as; local adsorption theory and mass transfer resistance (rigorous and approximated methods). Different mass transfer resistance mechanisms of pore, solid and bidispersed diffusion, together with nonlinear isotherms (Longmuir, Frendlich, Sips and Toth) are taken into account in modeling the fixed bed adsorbers. The Extended Longmuir isotherm was found to explain properly the binary and ternary mixtures in adsorption/desorption process.Almost all the mass transfer approximations were explained by the linear driving force, LDF, although the alternative driving force, ADF, approximation was examined in some cases. The numerical solution was the Implicit Method of Lines which converted the partial differential equations to the ODEs then solving them by the Runge-Kutta method. Validation of the models was performed by the experimental data derived from the literature for different types of adsorbents and adsorbates. The sensitivity analyses was carried out to find out variation of the breakthrough curves against some physical and operational parameters such as; temperature, flow rate, initial and inlet concentration and particle adsorbent size. The results revealed excellent agreement of simulated and previously published experimental data.
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
1021-9986
28
v.
3
no.
2009
25
44
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6844_ef1c7634fc764aaa7b1a4467cd8fc261.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30492/ijcce.2009.6844
Media Selection for Poly(hydroxybutyrate) Production from Methanol by Methylobacterium Extorquens DSMZ 1340
Zahra B.
Mokhtari-Hosseini
Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University,
P.O.Box 14115-143, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
Ebrahim
Vasheghani Farahani
Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University,
P.O.Box 14115-143, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
Sayed Abbas
Shojaosadati
Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University,
P.O.Box 14115-143, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
Ramin
Karimzadeh
Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University,
P.O.Box 14115-143, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
Kianoush
Khosravi Darani
National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti Medical University,
P. O. Box 19395-4741, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
text
article
2009
eng
Plackett-Burman design was used for selection of important media components such as carbon and nitrogen sources and minerals which affect poly(hydroxybutyrate) production and cell growth of Methylobacterium extorquens DSMZ 1340. Among the studied variables, nitrogen and phosphorus sources, MgSO4 and most of the trace elements were found to be significant variables for PHB production from methanol. At best condition (based on PHB concentration), dry cell weight, PHB content and PHB concentration were 3.81 g/L, 21.23 %, and 0.809 g/L, respectively. It was also found that most of the trace elements and phosphorus sources were influential parameters on the growth of microorganism but the kind of nitrogen source was not. The experimental results showed that deficiencies of nitrogen sources (NH4Cl and NH4NO3), phosphorus sources (K2HPO4 and Na2HPO4) and MgSO4 in medium, increased PHB accumulation.
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
1021-9986
28
v.
3
no.
2009
45
52
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6845_82a939aeb6f5a56d193f64b1d24f64e7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30492/ijcce.2009.6845
Biodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Petroleum Contaminated Soils
Mohsen
Arbabi
Department of Environmental Health , School of Health, Shahre Kord University of Medical Sciences, Shahre-kord, I.R. IRAN
author
Simin
Nasseri
Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
Anyakora
Chimezie
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Lagos, NIGERIA
author
text
article
2009
eng
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a class of potentially hazardous chemicals of environmental and health concern. PAHs are one of the most prevalent groups of contaminants found in soil. Biodegradation of complex hydrocarbon usually requires the cooperation of more than single specie. In this research biotreatment of PAH (phenanthrene) was studied in a solid-phase reactor using indigenous bacteria isolated from two petroleum contaminated sites in Iran, (i.e., Tehran refinery site with clayey-sand soil composition and Bushehr oil zone with silty-sand soil composotion). Phenanthrene (C14H10) was made in three rates (100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg of soil) synthetically and was conducted with two bacterial mixed cultures for a period of 20 weeks. Highest removal (more than 85 %) of phenanthrene with rates of 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg in clayey-sand soil with BMTRS (Bacterial Mix of Tehran Refinery Site) consortium was achieved within 3, 5 and 14 weeks, respectively as for silty-sand soil composition with BMBOZ (Bacterial Mix of Bushehr Oil Zone) consortium was achieved within 10, 17, and 19 weeks, respectively. Results for phenanthrene biotreatment in solid phase reactor revealed a significance relationship between concentration and type of microbial consortium with the removal efficiency of phenanthrene over the time (P value<0.001). Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between soil type with removal efficiency of phenanthrene over the time (P value=0.022). That means the bioremediation of the lower concentrations of phenanthrene needs shorter time compared with the higher concentrations. Microbial analysis using confirmative series tests and analytical profile index (API) kit tests showed the Pseudomonas fluorescence, Serratia liquefaciens, Bacillus and Micrococcus strains as dominant bacteria in the mixed cultures.
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
1021-9986
28
v.
3
no.
2009
53
59
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6846_116ef9dce31d200e387ef6d42a35d7ba.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30492/ijcce.2009.6846
Simulation of Boiling in a Vertical Channel Using Ensemble Average Model
Hikmet S.
Aybar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eastern Mediterranean University, G. Magosa, North Cyprus, TURKEY
author
Mohsen
Sharifpur
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eastern Mediterranean University, G. Magosa, North Cyprus, TURKEY
author
text
article
2009
eng
Simulation of turbulence boiling, generation of vapour and predication of its behaviour are still subject to debate in the two-phase flow area and they receive a high level of worldwide attention. In this study, a new arrangement of the three dimensional governing equations for turbulence two-phase flow with heat and mass transfer are derived by using ensemble averaging two-fluid model and utilizing the latest approved constitutive equations. Then, the governing equations are simplified for bulk boiling in a vertical channel. A computer program with SIMPLE algorithm is written for the simplified equations, and the results are compared with available experimental data and a boiling water reactor in operating condition.
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
1021-9986
28
v.
3
no.
2009
61
70
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6848_c1d1bf36e04efe2a68b04701dbf652ba.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30492/ijcce.2009.6848
Application of Genetic Programming to Modeling and Prediction of Activity Coefficient Ratio of Electrolytes in Aqueous Electrolyte Solution Containing Amino Acids
Mahdi
Zaeifi Yamchi
Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
Majid
Abdouss
Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
Hamid
Modarress
Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology,
P.O. Box 15875-4413 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
text
article
2009
eng
Genetic programming (GP) is one of the computer algorithms in the family of evolutionary-computational methods, which have been shown to provide reliable solutions to complex optimization problems. The genetic programming under discussion in this work relies on tree-like building blocks, and thus supports process modeling with varying structure. In this paper the systems containing amino acids + water + one electrolyte (NaCl, KCl, NaBr, KBr) are modeled by GP that can predict the mean ionic activity coefficient ratio of electrolytes in presence and in absence of amino acid in different mixtures better than the common polynomial equations proposed for this kind of predictions. A set of 750 data points was used for model training and the remaining 105 data points were used for model validation. The root mean square deviation (RMSD) of the designed GP model in prediction of the mean ionic activity coefficient ratio of electrolytes is less than 0.0394 and proves the effectiveness of the GP in correlation and prediction of activity coefficients in the studied mixtures.
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
1021-9986
28
v.
3
no.
2009
71
80
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6849_79903cd40d063b764a859e2ef8b9d68f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30492/ijcce.2009.6849
Batch Equilibrium and Kinetics Studies of Cd (II) Ion Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Porous Chitosan Hydrogel Beads
Saeed
Mohammad Beigi
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
Aziz
Babapoor
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
Vida
Maghsoodi
Biochemical and Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre (BBRC), Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
Sayyed Mohammad
Mousavi
Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Trbiat Modares University, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
Narges
Rajabi
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
text
article
2009
eng
In this study chitosan hydrogel beads with porosity ~ 0.86 and diameter ~ 20.07 mm were prepared from 85 % deacetylated chitosan for removal of Cd2+ ions from aqueous solutions. Chitosan powder was dissolved into dilute acetic acid as solvent and formed into spherical beads using a phase inversion technique. The effect of temperature, initial concentration of Cd2+ ions, and the period of agitation were perused to achieve the best isotherm model. Freundlich model was better fitted than Langmuir model (R2 > 0.99 and R2> 0.93 respectively, at pH of 6.3, and shaker speed of 200 rpm), the constants of Langmuir and Freundlich models were calculated, which RL value and qmax (mg/g wet weight) at 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C showed maximum uptake capacity of 61.35 (mg/g wet weight) obtained at 30 °C. The calculated heat of adsorption was -8.69,-7.051, -5.513 kJ mol-1 at 30, 40, 50 °C respectively which verified an exothermic process. Kinetic studies of the adsorption phenomena were conducted in a batch system by initial concentrations from 100 to 500 mgL-1 until the equilibrium concentration Ce (mgL-1) was reached. First-order, and second-order kinetic models were used; the experimental data were in reliable compliance with second-order kinetic model with R2 value greater than 0.97. The rate constants of the kinetic models were also calculated and tabulated. To investigate the surface morphology of the chitosan beads before and after adsorption process, they were observed by the use of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The surface characterization of the beads in both cases showed metal ions binding toward the surface of porous chitosan beads. All of the experiments carried out at pH of 6.3 and agitation rate of 200 rpm, which were opted according to optimum status of previous researcher’s reports.
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
1021-9986
28
v.
3
no.
2009
81
89
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6850_114187fb19b23ca4380457eca2bab40a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30492/ijcce.2009.6850
A Simple Theoretical Model for Prediction of Phase Inversion
Nader
Hedayat
School of Chemical Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
Parissa
Khadiv Parsi
School of Chemical Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
Mohammad Ali
Moosavian
School of Chemical Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
text
article
2009
eng
Phase inversion in liquid-liquid dispersions corresponds to the transitional boundary between Oil-in-Aqueous dispersion and Aqueous-in-Oil dispersion. A theoretical model based on simple assumptions was proposed to predict phase inversion point, ambivalence region and the hysteresis effect of inversion. Experimental data from the literature were used to validate the model and results were compared with those obtained by the Yeo et al. model. Comparison shows that there is a reasonable agreement between the suggested model and the experimental results taken from the literature. It is also pointed out that this model generates smaller relative errors than the previous work of Yeo et al. does.
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
1021-9986
28
v.
3
no.
2009
91
95
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6851_f1996df236706a9bda9637cffea174f9.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30492/ijcce.2009.6851
Mathematical Modeling of an Industrial Naphtha Reformer with Three Adiabatic Reactors in Series
Ali
Fazeli
School of Chemical Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
Shohreh
Fatemi
School of Chemical Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
Mohammad
Mahdavian
School of Chemical Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
Azadeh
Ghaee
School of Chemical Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
text
article
2009
eng
A mathematical model for commercial naphtha catalytic reformer of Tehran refinery was developed. This model includes three sequencing fixed beds of Pt/Al2O3 catalyst at the steady state condition using detailed kinetic scheme involving 26 pseudo-components connected by a network of 47 reactions, in the range of C6 to C9 hydrocarbons. The reaction network consisted dehydrogenation, hydrogenation, ring expansion, paraffin and iso-paraffin cracking, naphthene cracking, paraffin isomerization and hydrodealkylation of aromatics. The kinetic model was fine tuned against industrial plant data using a feed characterized by PIONA (Paraffin, Iso-paraffin, Oleffin, Naphthene and Aromatics) analysis. The final outlet results of the reformer such as RON (Research Octane Number), yield and outlet reformate compositions have shown good agreement with actual conditions of Tehran Refinery reforming unit.
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
1021-9986
28
v.
3
no.
2009
97
102
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6852_1f3e68ea01ff3ec65b369565fd00a765.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30492/ijcce.2009.6852
Extractive Capacity of Oleyl Alcohol on 2, 3-Butanediol Production in Fermentation Process with Use of Klebsiella pneumoniae PTCC 1290
Hassan
Pahlavanzadeh
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University,
P.O. Box 14115-143 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
Gholam
Khayati
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University,
P.O. Box 14115-143 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
Ebrahim
Vasheghani Farahani
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University,
P.O. Box 14115-143 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
Nasser
Ghaemi
Department of Biotechnology, Science Faculty, Tehran University, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
author
text
article
2009
eng
Recovery of metabolites from fermentation broth by solvent extraction can be used to optimize fermentation processes. End-product reutilization, low product concentration and large volumes of fermentation broth and the requirements for large bioreactors, in addition to the high cost largely contributed to the decline in fermentative 2,3-butanediol production. Extraction can successfully be used for in-situ alcohol recovery in 2,3-butanediol fermentations to increase the substrate conversion. In the present work organic extraction of 2,3-butanediol produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae fermentation was studied to determine solvent effect on 2,3-butanediol production. The aim of this project was liquid-liquid extractive fermentation systems evaluation as an alternative to overcome the end product effect and to increase of 2,3-butanediol production by K.pneumoniae because Conventional fermentative production of 2,3-butanediol by K. pneumoniae has the disadvantage of product reutilization by the organism. Alternatives to overcome this problem have met with limited success. Extractive fermentation has been shown to solve this problem. An effort has been made in this study to use for the extractive fermentation of 2,3-butanediol using oleyl alcohol as extract-ant. Eighteen organic solvents were examined to determine their biocompatibility for in situ extraction of fermentation products from cultures of the K. pneumoniae. From 18 tested solvents, 13 of which were non-toxic to K.pneumoniae. The highest 2,3-butanediol production (23.01 g l-1) was achieved when oleyl alcohol was used. In situ removal of end products from K.pneumoniae resulted in increased productivity. In conclusion 2,3-butanediol productivity increased from 0.5 g l-1h-1 to 0.66 g l-1h-1 in extractive fermentation using oleyl alcohol as the extraction solvent.
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
1021-9986
28
v.
3
no.
2009
103
109
https://ijcce.ac.ir/article_6853_0ed49beaa1077394c0e63a0840d84b5f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30492/ijcce.2009.6853